What do you mean by rotation and fallow? The function and significance of crop rotation fallow advantages of cultivated land rotation fallow

  On November 17, the Ministry of Agriculture held a pilot work scheduling meeting on cultivated land rotation fallow system in Guizhou, which was the second time that the Ministry of Agriculture held a pilot meeting on cultivated land rotation fallow system in the second half of this year. The importance of holding two meetings on a single topic in such a short period of time is evident.

  "Cropland rotation fallow" is both new and old.

  In Qi Min Yao Shu of Northern Wei Dynasty, there are records such as "grain field must be changed year by year","hemp wants to get good field, do not use old market","all grain fields, mung bean and small bean bottom are top, hemp, millet and hemp are second, turnip and soybean are bottom", which has pointed out the necessity of crop rotation and described the rotation order at that time.

  At the end of last year, the "Proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" specifically explained "cultivated land rotation and fallow": Taking advantage of the abundant grain supply in the domestic and foreign markets at the present stage, the practice of cultivated land rotation and fallow in some areas is conducive to cultivated land recuperation and sustainable agricultural development, and is conducive to balancing the contradiction between grain supply and demand, stabilizing farmers 'income and reducing financial pressure.

  In June this year, the Ministry of Agriculture, together with the Ministry of Finance and other 10 departments, jointly issued the Pilot Plan for Exploring and Implementing the System of Cultivated Land Rotation and Fallow, which marked that the pilot of cultivated land rotation and fallow had entered the implementation level. The plan points out that 5 million mu of rotation should be promoted in the cold and cool areas of Northeast China and the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in the north; 1 million mu of seasonal fallow cultivation should be carried out in the groundwater funnel area of Heilonggang in Hebei Province, 100,000 mu of fallow cultivation should be carried out in Changzhutan heavy metal polluted area in Hunan Province, 40,000 mu of fallow cultivation should be carried out in the rocky desertification area in Southwest China, and 20,000 mu of fallow cultivation should be carried out in the seriously degraded ecological area in Northwest China. Specific tasks are subdivided into provinces and cities.

  For Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia provinces (regions), which shoulder most of the tasks, the tasks will not be implemented until spring sowing next year. However, details determine success or failure, and several provinces have begun to implement the task. From October 20 to 24, the staff of Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Zhalantun City, Inner Mongolia, carried out the verification pilot project in the countryside, and signed cooperation agreements with large planting households, family farms, farmers 'cooperatives and other new business entities. The pilot tasks must remain unchanged for three years. The rotation plots will not be adjusted within three years. Through rotation, soybean nodules and nitrogen fixation will be brought into play to improve soil fertility, and new varieties of high-yield and high-quality edible soybeans will be selected. Increase the supply of high-quality and high-protein soybeans.

  Do farmers have enthusiasm for rotation and fallow cultivation?

  Hebei Province started seasonal fallow pilot as early as 2014, which also laid the foundation for further pilot development among local farmers. Shi Fulin, a farmer in Xiabo Village, Yuke Town, Shenzhou City, Hebei Province, has been piloting "one season fallow and one season rain corn" for three consecutive years. He told reporters,"Each mu of land can get 500 yuan subsidy, Income and the original basically flat, Not planting wheat can save a lot of work."

  Hebei Province is a pilot province, while Jiangsu Province, which has not been included in the pilot provinces, has also allocated 60 million yuan of funds in parts of southern Jiangsu, central Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu to declare a certain scale of continuous pilot demonstration by county-level units.

  Li Guangmeng, a big grain grower in Shinian Village, Lukou Street, Jiangning District, Nanjing City, has a deep understanding of land rotation and fallow cultivation. Every two or three years, he will let the land rest in the wheat season or plant red flowers for returning to the field. "Only fertile fields can produce high yields. A thin piece of land can't grow delicious rice." Li Guangmeng said that the yield of rice he planted last year reached 1440 jin per mu, earning more than 500 yuan per mu.

  In the three northeastern provinces, with the changes in corn prices, more and more farmers are re-operating the "old business" of planting soybeans. Zhao Xianqing, director-general of Lianyi Agricultural and Sideline Products Cooperative in Dunhua City, Jilin Province, planted 7500 mu of cultivated land. This year, he has adjusted the planting structure and planted 1800 mu of soybeans. He said,"Return to the tradition of grain and bean rotation, rotation reduces diseases and insect pests, and soil fertility and grain yield will be improved."

  Some experts have made a vivid analogy: because there are many people and less land in our country, in order to ensure that people have food to eat, our country's cultivated land is overloaded, and carrying out planned rotation fallow cultivation is equivalent to reducing the rhythm of land output, slowing down the pace of land and "breathing."