The risk of grain banks running away in the situation of "three nots" is prominent.

Save grain like saving money, save grain with interest, deposit and exchange. The reporter recently investigated in Anhui, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Jiangxi, and other places and found that a new type of grain circulation called "grain bank" has emerged in various places, that is, enterprises store grain on behalf of farmers, and farmers can extract commodities or discounts as agreed, which not only solves the problem of farmers storing and selling grain, but also reduces the pressure on the main body of operation and the supply of raw grain.

However, the reporter conducted an in-depth investigation and found that since last year, due to the falling prices of some grain varieties and the lack of national standards, the operation of the "Grain Bank" has exposed multiple risks. Among them, some have the risk of "running away" and "rash forward", and some may even lead to "systematic" risks and threaten the interests of grain-storing farmers.

There is interest in grain deposit and general deposit and exchange.

"I keep the grain in the grain bank on my doorstep. With my passbook, I can exchange things and withdraw money. My family took out a bag of flour a few days ago." Liu Dongquan, a villager from Liu Lou Village, Yuanqiang Town, Taihe County, Anhui Province, pointed to the "grain bank" not far from home and said that his family planted more than seven mu of land and harvested more than 6000 jin of wheat this year. He has been storing grain like this for three or four years.

Liu Dongquan is a member of more than 10,000 grain farmers of Santai Grain Bank in Anhui Province. After storing grain, these farmers have received a passbook of the "Grain Bank." A number of farmers showed the "grain bank" passbook, and the reporter saw that it was the same as the deposit passbook, which was printed with the words "save grain like money, save grain with interest, deposit and exchange, reduce grain consumption, benefit the country and the people." in the open passbook, there are account numbers, account names, addresses, account outlets and other information. on the blank page are dates, business, product names, unit prices and specifications, quantity, equivalent raw grain, deposit quantity, and so on.

"the ways of storing grain are current type, fixed period type and dividend type." Zhu Yuehua, chairman of Anhui Santai flour Co., Ltd., the main operator of Anhui Santai Grain Bank, said that the company has set up a number of offices throughout the county to carry out grain storage and grain exchange work. According to the current type of grain deposit, the interest of wheat can be increased by 5% per jin per month, and an extra 6 cents per jin of wheat can be increased per year.

Not only Anhui, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Jiangxi and other places have also sprung up a number of "grain banks". The reporter interviewed and learned that the "grain bank" is that enterprises (mostly grain enterprises) learn from the banking business model, make use of their own warehousing and operating conditions to store grain on behalf of farmers, while ensuring farmers' grain ownership through contracts, transfer the right of grain management to enterprises in the form of "regular" or "current". Farmers can extract commodities (finished grain, edible oil, agricultural materials, etc.) or discounted new forms of grain circulation as agreed.

"after the farmers hand over the rice to the company, one kind is current, which is one penny higher than the market price at that time. For example, it is 1.5 yuan per jin now and 1.51 yuan next month." Li Jiyin, general manager of Songhua River Fine Rice Co., Ltd., the main operator of Xing'an Grain Bank in Zhaoyuan County, Heilongjiang Province, said, "if you get money on a regular basis, such as taking money a year, it will increase by 15 cents a year. If you are in a hurry to use the money, you can settle the account at any time. "

General deposit and exchange is one of the main functions of the "grain bank". In November 2014, in order to innovate the new mode of serving agriculture and enhance the ability and level of serving farmers, Jishui Zhongbo Agricultural material Company of Jiangxi Province established the first "grain bank" in Jiangxi Province-Zhongbo Grain Reserve and Exchange Institute. Yu Duanlian, head of the institute, told reporters that farmers can deposit rice in the "grain bank" nearby and get a grain passbook similar to the bank's "all-in-one card". When farmers need it, they can always hold the passbook to the service outlets of the "grain bank" to swipe the passbook to retrieve grain, and enjoy the agreed interest. At the same time, they can also exchange agricultural materials, rice, edible oil and other commodities.

In addition, farmers can also enjoy diversified services. Hunan Weihong Rice Industry Co., Ltd. established the province's first "grain bank" in July 2013. Zhou Zhengchun, general manager of the company, said that the "grain bank" implemented the "215" model, which refers to the establishment of subsidiaries between Weihong rice industry and professional cooperatives (Weihong rice industry accounts for 51% of the shares). 1 refers to a grain bank that mainly serves 10,000 mu of arable land around it. 5 refers to the service content involving agricultural materials supply and marketing, technical information services, agricultural machinery services, drying services and storage and exchange services.

"Don't worry about the difficulty of selling grain."

A number of grain farmers told reporters that when there is no grain bank, after the new grain is collected, the family has to make room for storage. Usually rats bite will lead to waste, and sometimes it is difficult to sell new grain on the market, so they have no choice but to sell it to grain vendors at a low price. With the establishment of the grain bank, all these problems have been solved. "if you deposit your grain in the grain bank, you won't have to save your own grain, and you don't have to worry about the difficulty of selling it." Liu Dongquan said.

Just after harvesting more than 600 mu of soybeans planted this year, Sun Xunbao, a farmer in Liuhe Village, Xilian Township, Keshan County, Heilongjiang Province, sent the soybeans to the grain bank-- Keshan County Kunfeng Soybean Cooperative. "Don't worry about it over there." Sun Xuanbao told reporters that more than 800 mu of land has been planted this year, including more than 600 mu of soybeans and 200 mu of corn. If so much grain is not sent to the "grain bank", there will be no place to store it.

"send the soybeans to the grain bank, weigh them, sift them, weigh them, and then take the bill. In the future, the loss caused by water evaporation, rat eating and other reasons has nothing to do with us at all. " Sun Xunbao said that because of water evaporation and other reasons, it is normal to lose three or four jin of 100 jin of soybeans after the Spring Festival.

Yu Duanlian said: when farmers deposit their grain in the grain bank, they can not only get interest of 120 yuan per ton a year, but also enjoy the preferential treatment of keeping the price at the bottom and raising the price as agreed. Moreover, only one phone call is needed for farmers to store grain, and the grain collection truck will drive to the door of farmers' homes, which can not only reduce farmers' transportation costs, but also reduce losses.

The grain bank has solved the difficult problem of storing and selling grain for farmers, and has also reduced the financial pressure on the main body of the operation. "the Grain Bank relieves at least 40% of my financial pressure." Zhou Zhengchun told the Economic Information Daily that according to the company's acquisition and processing capacity, it needs about 40 million yuan a year, but it can only borrow more than 20 million yuan from the bank. "I collect the rice and wait for it to be processed and sold before I pay for it. It is essentially a deferred payment. The interest I pay to the farmers is actually lower than the interest I have to pay for a loan from the bank."

The supply of raw grain has increased, and the source of grain has become stable for enterprises. According to Zhu Yuehua, after the company has a stable grain source, it can directly contact agricultural manufacturers, omitting intermediate links, and helping farmers get agricultural materials with lower costs. in practice, the average cost of seeds and chemical fertilizer per mu of land is saved by about 100 yuan. "it can also guide farmers to plant high-quality wheat, help companies produce high-end products and improve their core competitiveness." He said.

Lack of standards, trapped in the situation of "three noes".

"the more I have learned in the past two years, the more scared I am!" The person in charge of a grain bank said with concern that the grain bank is in the awkward position of "three noes": first, the "grain bank" cannot be registered with the industrial and commercial department, and, like the "underground organization," it may be shut down at any time; second, there is no threshold and everyone will come to do it, and now even non-grain processing enterprises will do it; there is no supervision, and there is no one to explain the risks.

In an interview with a reporter from the Economic Information Daily, it was found that the grain market was bullish in the past few years, and the grain banks in various places had developed relatively steadily and achieved initial results. However, since last year, the market prices of some grain varieties have fallen, coupled with the lack of national standards and other factors, grain banks in various places have exposed multiple risks in their operation.

A person in charge of the Jiangxi Provincial Grain Bureau believes that grain banks are a new agricultural industrialization model between finance and entities. Like commercial banks, grain banks earn interest from grain farmers and can make profits through material exchange. This new model based on the relationship between farmers and operators, when the state has not yet issued relevant laws and regulations, farmers deposit grain, grain market price fluctuations make it have a certain risk.