New urbanization and the increase of Farmers' income

The new urbanization reflects the inevitable process of the transformation of agriculture to secondary and tertiary industries, the transformation of farmers into citizens and the transformation of rural areas into cities. The transformation of agriculture into secondary and tertiary industries is the adjustment and upgrading of the industrial structure, which is conducive to the increase or improvement of farmers' income; the transformation of farmers into citizens reflects the narrowing of the income gap between urban and rural areas and the continuous increase of farmers' income; and the transformation of rural areas into cities, the core is the mutual promotion of land value-added and economies of scale, and finally the increase of farmers' income.

Statistically, farmers' income is divided into four parts, namely, household operating income, wage income, property income and transfer income. At the beginning of reform and opening up, household income accounted for the majority of farmers' income; with the gradual acceleration of industrialization and urbanization after reform and opening up, more and more farmers began to transfer from rural areas to cities and towns and from fields to factories. As a result, the share of wage income in farmers' household income is gradually increasing. In 2013, the per capita net income of farmers in China was 8896 yuan, of which the net income of household management was 3793 yuan, and the wage income was 4025 yuan, exceeding the net income of household management for the first time. This shows that urbanization has become the main channel to increase farmers' income.

Since urbanization has become the main channel to increase farmers' income, we must firmly grasp this leader to further promote the increase of farmers' income. To this end, we must balance urban and rural development, take the new road of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, and realize the coordinated development and mutually beneficial win-win situation of workers and farmers in urban and rural areas.

The author believes that in order to increase farmers' income in the process of taking the new road of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, we must grasp the four key points of "vacating cages for birds" and eliminating the three "scissors differences".

First of all, we should grasp the key to the synchronization of the four modernizations and realize "vacating cages and changing birds". Improving quality and advancing simultaneously with industrialization, informatization and agricultural modernization is the key to the new type of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, which reflects the upgrading of the industrial structure in the development of productive forces. With the simultaneous advance of the four modernizations, urbanization has created more opportunities for farmers to find employment, and they have gained much higher benefits from new industrial jobs, information industry jobs and modern agricultural jobs than traditional agriculture. For example, when rural women come to the city, their income is many times higher than that at home; the business of farm music in the suburbs is booming, and their income is the envy of urban workers.

Secondly, we should grasp the core of people-oriented, improve the income of migrant workers and eliminate the first "scissors gap". Migrant workers are the biggest feature of the new type of urbanization with Chinese characteristics and the most prominent embodiment of people-oriented. So far, about 270 million migrant workers in China have been able to move from the countryside to the city, and there is no British "sheep cannibalism" movement, which is a miracle in the history of world urbanization. Nowadays, there is a big gap between the wage treatment of migrant workers and that of urban state-owned workers, which has great potential for both the market and the government. The elimination of the wage gap of migrant workers mainly depends on the market, while the elimination of the gap in social security and public services of migrant workers mainly depends on the actions of the government.

Third, grasp the lifeline of land appreciation and eliminate the second largest "scissors gap". The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee has issued the policy of "allowing rural collective construction land to sell, lease, and buy shares, and implement the same market entry, the same rights and the same price as state-owned land," but the relevant laws have not been amended. the current method is to implement the "three-three system", that is, the government, developers, and farmers will each take a 1/3 increase in the value of land in running the city. Because all three parties have contributed to the appreciation of land, the distribution scheme of the three-thirds system reflects win-win cooperation. Of course, if farmers want to obtain more land value-added income in urbanization, it is best to improve the autonomy of urbanization and maximize the land value-added income to farmers under the premise of national planning. For example, in the past, Daqiuzhuang, the first village in China, changed from village to town, now the first village in China, Huaxi Village, changed from village to town, Dongling Village, the first village in Shaanxi, changed from village to urban community, and Heping Village in Xi'an independently set up an industrial park, and so on, all of which maximize the benefits of land value-added in the hands of farmers.

Fourth, seize the new darling of ecological wealth and eliminate the third largest "scissors gap". One of the characteristics of the new type of urbanization with Chinese characteristics is to closely follow the pace of the new era of ecological civilization and build an eco-city. The price scissors difference of ecological resources is the new scissors difference of industrial and agricultural products. The advance from industrial civilization to ecological civilization is the return to nature of human civilization, and the original ecological things such as water, grass, trees and even air are more valuable. Farmers could have become rich by selling water, grass, trees and even air. However, due to the poor scissors, farmers encounter great obstacles to get rich, and the key to solve the problem is how to reasonably compensate the ecological benefits created by rural areas and farmers. There may be many ways, but the simple and easy way to promote in an all-round way is to establish a "standard tree compensation system", that is, to establish a standard tree annual compensation standard, and other trees to convert standard trees, flowers and plants into standard trees. The compensation fee is borne by the central government, local government and community, and the proportion depends on the contribution of ecological benefits to the third level. The reason is that the ecological benefits produced by trees have the characteristics of positive externalities of public goods, and no charge will lead to the tragedy of the public land. The establishment of standard tree compensation system is a clear property right, and has maneuverability and generalization. In this way, no matter the farmers in the city or in the desert, planting trees can make a living and even become rich, and can also achieve the basic national policy of protecting the ecological environment.