Why is the willingness of migrant workers to become citizens is not high?

The Prospect of the Central Economic work Conference

How to promote the citizenization of agricultural transfer population in an orderly manner and solve the low enthusiasm of local governments and agricultural transfer population is a difficult problem to be solved in the promotion of urbanization.

On the eve of the Central Economic work Conference, the economic research work of the National Development and Reform Commission has been carried out in an all-round way at the end of the year, of which the construction of a new type of urbanization is a key topic. How to promote the citizenization of agricultural transfer population in an orderly manner and solve the low enthusiasm of local governments and agricultural transfer population is a difficult problem to be solved in the promotion of urbanization.

Do you need an urban hukou?

The answer of many migrant workers is: no. In fact, according to the research of many departments, it is found that the willingness of migrant workers to change urban household registration is low.

What on earth caused this situation? after a survey by a reporter from the 21st Century Economic report, it is found that the gold content of urban household registration has been greatly reduced.

This makes it difficult to achieve the goal of about 100 million agricultural migrants and other permanent residents settling in cities and towns. If we hope that by 2020, the urbanization rate of the resident population will reach 60% and the urbanization rate of the registered population will reach 45%, we will need to make efforts in many ways.

Jin Xiaoyi, a professor at Xi'an Jiaotong University who specializes in the study of the citizenization of farmers, believes that it can speed up the construction of new villages and small towns, digest and absorb surplus rural labor force on the spot. "this can transform farmers into citizens living in rural areas, thus finally and completely eliminating the gap between rural and urban areas." She said.

The willingness of migrant workers to become citizens is not high.

Wuhan household registration doesn't make much sense to Zhang Dong (a pseudonym) who has worked in Wuhan, Hubei Province for many years. He is in his 40s this year and his household registration is still in rural Hubei.

"in Wuhan, as long as students get good grades, not to mention rural students in Hubei, students from other provinces can also go to the best schools." Zhang Dong said.

It is understood that over the years, many senior high schools in Hubei have adopted a system of enrollment in accordance with students' grades, and many good high schools enroll students across the country and the province, and do not necessarily need Wuhan household registration.

As a result of such a policy, Zhang Dong is in no hurry to transfer his household registration to a city. In addition, he still has many mu of arable land in the countryside, which is taken care of by his parents in the countryside, but his parents are not very tired when he implements mechanized farming.

In addition, Zhang Dong's household registration is in rural areas, medical insurance is also in rural areas, the family only needs a card, each person pays about 150 yuan per year, the whole family can see a doctor, and hospital expenses can reach 90%. In terms of providing for the aged, Zhang Dong goes to urban old-age insurance, and he will also have retirement income in the future.

Zhang Dong believes that the only advantage of having a household registration in Wuhan is that you can buy an extra house in Wuhan. However, the house price in Wuhan is generally about 10,000 yuan per square meter, and it is not very meaningful for migrant workers to buy more houses.

"as long as you work in a province, there is little difference between urban and rural household registration." Zhang Dong said.

There are many migrant workers who think like Zhang Dong. Previously, a number of departments, including the Ministry of Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the research group of the CPPCC National Committee, have found that migrant workers are less willing to obtain urban hukou.

For example, Minister of Agriculture Han Changfu pointed out at a news conference not long ago that only a small number of farmers are willing to withdraw from contracted land. The withdrawal of farmers from contracted land in cities requires a long enough historical process and sufficient historical patience.

In September this year, the research group of the CPPCC National Committee also conducted a survey in Tongling, Anhui Province, and found that migrant workers had no strong desire to transfer their households.

Because the floating population in the city can enjoy the rights of urban employment, education, social security and so on in 2011. Migrant workers can even apply for affordable housing. The city has a floating population of more than 100,000 and 80, 000 migrant workers, but from 2011 to 2015, only 9005 people transferred from rural to urban households.

Liao Hongle, a researcher at the Rural Economic Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that farmers are reluctant to transfer their hukou because they do not move their hukou, and it is the same to work in cities. In addition, migrant workers are worried that contracted land in rural areas will be lost because of urban household registration.

Recently, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the opinions on improving the separation of rural land ownership, contracting rights and management rights, which put forward the requirements for the separation of rural land ownership, contracting rights and management rights. that is, rural land is owned by collectives, but the right of contract and management can be transferred. At the same time, farmers can go to the city to buy houses and settle down, but farmers can still retain the right to contract land.

Developing small towns is a new direction

In addition, in view of the situation that farmers are not willing to settle in cities, but are willing to work and live in cities, many experts believe that the new idea of urbanization that simply requires farmers to transfer household registration should be changed.

Jin Xiaoyi believes that while grasping the construction of urbanization, the state should also pay attention to the construction of new rural areas, speed up the construction of new villages and small towns, digest and absorb rural surplus labor force locally, and promote the transformation of farmers' way of life and work. We will promote the modernization of farmers' ideology, way of thinking, way of life, behavior, and social participation.

At present, farmers are still under pressure to survive in cities, so contracted land should be retained in rural areas. "in this way, migrant workers can 'enter' to work in cities and return to their hometown to work in their hometown, thus minimizing the impact and risk that urbanization may bring to individuals and families' livelihoods." She said.

The reality is that migrant workers everywhere do not leave their hometown, enter the factory and do not enter the city.

For example, many migrant workers work in factories in small towns, live and eat at home, or buy or rent houses nearby. In this way, on the one hand, many migrant workers can take care of young and old, on the other hand, they can also take care of the contracted land at home, and do not delay going to work to earn money.

If farmers really go to cities and change their rural household registration to urban household registration, and the corresponding farmers' medical insurance and old-age pension are converted to urban social security, many local governments may not be able to afford it.

For example, Xie Yongming, deputy director of the Development and Reform Commission of Tongling City, Anhui Province, once pointed out to the media that the citizenization of each agricultural migrant population in Tongling requires a financial investment of 73500 yuan. If you add in the provision of jobs after entering the city, this kind of investment is much higher, and it is difficult for the city to afford it.

Yang Zhongguang, a researcher at the Institute of cities of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out that it is not possible to adopt an one-size-fits-all approach to how farmers enter the city and how to become citizens. "even if buying a house in a city is regarded as citizenization, it still needs to be treated differently according to different localities and different situations. In some places, the rural areas are similar to those in the cities, and the medical conditions and social security of the country are being popularized to the rural areas, so some people are willing to increase their hukou to the rural areas.

However, he pointed out that some rural areas are still very backward, even if farmers are willing to settle in cities. However, urban housing prices are very expensive, which also suppresses the demand of farmers to go to the city. "there is a need for farmers to settle down in cities, but the problem is that even after settling in cities, despite many government policies, some farmers still cannot afford to buy houses."