The changes of Peasant families in China under the influence of population Migration

With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, hundreds of millions of farmers in China carry out large-scale rural-urban migration and cross-regional mobility with a strong impulse to shake off poverty and become rich. Since the early 1980s, the inter-departmental and inter-regional transfer of rural labor force in China has maintained a high scale and speed. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the total number of migrant workers reached 277.47 million in 2015. Such a large-scale population movement is bound to have a great impact on peasant families. The family is the cell of the society, in the process of mass population migration, the harmonious development of peasant families is of great significance to the process of urbanization and socio-economic transformation of our country.

In order to explore the changes of peasant families under the influence of population migration and its impact on social and economic development, the research group established in 2007 conducted a systematic investigation and analysis, and obtained a series of relevant conclusions.

The problem of migrant workers and their families has become a major issue related to China's modernization process.

The vast number of migrant workers have made great contributions to China's social and economic development and smooth transformation. it can be said that it is their emergence that has greatly accelerated the historical process of marketization, industrialization and urbanization in China, an ancient agricultural power. it has historically realized the transformation from a big agricultural country to an industrial country and even a world economic power. However, they themselves have failed to get due treatment and social status, but are becoming the symbol of social vulnerable groups, the focus of social concern, and the key to the construction of a harmonious society. If the problems of migrant workers and their families are not solved as soon as possible, it will not only further widen the gap between urban and rural areas, the regional gap and the gap between the rich and the poor, hinder the further promotion of China's industrialization and urbanization, and delay the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way. moreover, it will seriously endanger social fairness and justice, damage the relationship between the party and government and the masses of workers and peasants, and affect the image and prestige of the government among the people. Weaken the ruling foundation of the party.

At present, many cities in China have conditionally provided migrant workers with the rights of residence, employment, enrollment, social insurance and so on, but in order to avoid financial burden and ensure urban competitiveness, many city governments often tend to control openness. For this reason, we should make it clear in law as soon as possible that migrant workers have the same civil rights as urban residents, grasp the correct direction of public opinion from a political perspective, change the attitude of local governments and urban residents towards migrant workers, and build a truly fair and harmonious urban society.

The positive effect of migrant income is greater than the negative impact of population migration on peasant families.

For most peasant families, at present, the positive effect of migrant income is greater than the negative effects of population migration. The life satisfaction of a family is determined by the satisfaction of family members in all areas of life, such as job satisfaction, family relationship satisfaction, community satisfaction, personal health satisfaction and so on. The research shows that the impact of job satisfaction of migrant workers on life satisfaction is greater than that of family relationship satisfaction, which indicates that for those migrant workers who take part-time wages as the main source of income, job satisfaction is more important than family relationship satisfaction. The survey also found that although the relocation of migrant workers has a certain adverse impact on the care of the elderly, the growth of children and the life of husband and wife, most of the left-behind members of the family still expressed their support for the relocation of family members. This is mainly because the importance of income for these families is far greater than the importance of enjoying "family happiness".

The policy implications of this discovery are: on the one hand, it shows the extreme importance of increasing farmers' income to family stability, and the government should increase farmers' income through various ways. On the other hand, under the current situation of low income of farmers, farmers put the improvement of family relations in a relatively secondary position, which makes migrant workers in a disadvantageous position in market negotiations. the governments and enterprises in the places where they flow into the country often only regard migrant workers as factors of production and pay little attention to the maintenance of the interests of migrant workers and their families, so the relevant departments need to pay more attention to the protection of the interests of migrant workers' families. Establish a more standardized and effective system to protect the rights and interests of migrant workers.

The marriage relationship of migrant workers is harmonious as a whole, but there are also many unfavorable factors.

On the whole, farmers' going out to work did not cause a large-scale marital disharmony, and more than 85% of migrant workers had a high evaluation of marital satisfaction and marital relationship. But the study also shows that job instability will reduce marital life satisfaction and make husband and wife emotional instability; close migration of migrant workers have higher marital satisfaction and marital relationship than long-distance migration; migrant workers with high income level have a relatively good marital relationship; migrant workers who work long hours or overtime every day have lower evaluation of marital relationship. In addition, whether locals discriminate against migrant workers or not will also affect the marriage relationship of migrant workers to a certain extent.

Marriage is the core of family relationship, and the harmony of migrant workers' marital relationship is the basis of social harmony. Therefore, the research group suggests: first, increase the skills training for migrant workers and increase their income level, so as to improve their ability to maintain urban life and "support their families"; second, speed up the improvement of the labor contract management system and strictly implement the working hours and intensity stipulated in the labor law, so that migrant workers can enjoy more "family happiness". Third, improve the social security system so that migrant workers can enjoy the same treatment as urban residents and reduce their inferiority complex.

The left-behind elderly in rural areas have serious problems in life care and spiritual life.

The research shows that the relocation of children has improved the material living standard of the left-behind elderly, but it has brought serious problems to the medical treatment, life care and spiritual life of the left-behind elderly. Children go out to work, which leads to long-term spatial separation between generations, which not only affects the availability of life care resources for the left-behind elderly, but also brings a lot of difficulties to the spiritual life of the elderly.

As a vulnerable group in the society, the left-behind elderly in rural areas should be paid attention to by the society, so that they can have a sense of security, so that they can feel the love of the society and enjoy their twilight years. To this end, efforts should be made to improve the rural medical system, develop rural pension institutions, broaden the channels of rural pension funds, establish a cooperation mechanism between urban and rural areas, developed and underdeveloped areas, and establish a warm "big family" in rural areas. we will establish and improve the organizations of the elderly in rural areas and improve the security system.

Letting the children of migrant workers study in the same school with the children of citizens is the fundamental measure to realize the citizenization of migrant workers.

The premise of realizing the citizenization of migrant workers is that they can really integrate into the urban society, and in this process, the psychological gap between migrant workers and original citizens is more difficult to eliminate than institutional obstacles. In a sense, it is difficult for the first generation of migrant workers to fully integrate into the urban society, and the hope may be that their children can really integrate into the urban mainstream society, in which the education of their children is of great significance. Regrettably, the survey shows that the children of migrant workers in China are mainly divided into two groups: one is the left-behind children, who have been separated from their parents for a long time and go to school in the countryside; the other is the children who go to the city with their parents. most of them go to schools for the children of migrant workers in the city. Research shows that the children of migrant workers lack a sense of belonging to the city, while the psychological problems of left-behind children are more serious. Therefore, it is necessary to make great efforts to solve the problem of migrant workers' children going to school, not only to let them enjoy the same treatment as urban children, but also to take strong measures to make them schoolmates, classmates and deskmates with urban children. Its significance is not only to let them enjoy the same teaching conditions as urban children, but also to let them grow up with urban children, adapt to urban life and get used to urban life in their contacts with urban children. let them become real city residents from habit to psychology.

The local migration of farmers is more conducive to the harmony of family relations.