Agricultural "grafting" photovoltaic, what fruit?

What is the relationship among light, electricity and agriculture? Photosynthesis and photovoltaic effect, a group of basic concepts from biology and physics respectively, have a novel collision and combination at the industrial level derived from their main principles-photovoltaic agriculture. that is to say, solar power generation and efficient facility agricultural production can be realized at the same time on the same land.

What is photovoltaic power generation and how does it come together with agriculture? After "agriculture + photovoltaic", what will agriculture look like, and where will photovoltaic power generation go? For some time, the reporter continued to pay attention to the development of photovoltaic agriculture and visited the Zhongli Wannong "Intelligent Photovoltaic + Science and Technology Agriculture" project of Litenghui Photovoltaic Technology Co., Ltd., trying to find the answers to these questions.

No matter at the theoretical level or in the current practical exploration, the "grafting" of photovoltaic and agriculture has been demonstrated and proved to be a promising industrial integration.

A new generation of complementary agriculture and light: an exploration to solve two bottlenecks

Shajiabang Town on the bank of Yangcheng Lake, the river is vertical and horizontal, there are numerous reeds, and the rich aquatic resources have created the developed fishery here. In the core area of Jiangsu Changshu Modern Fisheries Industrial Park in Shajiabang, 240 mu of "gleaming" fish ponds look unique: rows of aluminum alloy brackets stand in the fish ponds, and more than 40,000 polysilicon solar photovoltaic panels are erected on the pond surface; in the fish ponds sheltered by photovoltaic panels, hairy crabs, lobsters, soft-shelled turtles, pond fish and other special aquatic products are growing well.

Aquatic power generation, underwater aquaculture, comprehensive utilization of land and solar energy resources-this is the first "complementary fishing and photovoltaic" photovoltaic agricultural project developed by Zhong Li Teng Hui in 2011, in southern Jiangsu, where there are many fish ponds and reeds. Such an exploration is full of gold.

Fish-light complementarity, forest-light complementarity, and agricultural greenhouse photovoltaic projects are collectively referred to as "photovoltaic agriculture" in the photovoltaic industry. No matter at the theoretical level or in the current practical exploration, the "grafting" of this kind of photovoltaic and agriculture has been demonstrated and proved to be a promising industrial integration.

Not far from this fish pond, Zhong Li Teng Hui carried out another bolder and more revolutionary new generation of "agriculture and light complementarity" experiment: on a reformed wasteland, the photovoltaic support was raised as a whole, and the distance between the support piles was widened to reach more than 4 meters and 10 meters respectively. at the same time, the unique installation technology of single photovoltaic plate is adopted, which can fully realize the mechanized operation. It also meets more than 75% of the sunlight exposure needs of crops. On October 15th, agricultural science and technology experts in Jiangsu Province measured the yield of 26 mu photovoltaic rice fields in Zhongli Wannong. The results showed that the average yield of rice in this plot was 583.2 kg per mu, which was equal to that of conventional rice.

"with the success of this experiment, photovoltaic agriculture has taken a big step forward, and many of the current problems facing the photovoltaic industry and modern agriculture will be easily solved." Wang Baixing, chairman of Zhongli Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., named the experiment as Zhongli Wannong's "Intelligent Photovoltaic + Science and Technology Agriculture" project, and the problems he mentioned are a series of problems, including the land bottleneck of building distributed photovoltaic power stations in the east and the large investment in modern agricultural facilities.

For the large area of traditional photovoltaic power stations, the barren desertification land in the west with strong light is undoubtedly a piece of "fertile soil". However, the western region is far away from the power load center, and the cost of power transmission is high, so the problem of light abandonment and power limitation can not be well solved. The problem of power consumption can be solved by building photovoltaic power stations in the eastern region, but the scarcity of barren land resources has become a bottleneck restricting the development of photovoltaic industry. If there is no breakthrough, the photovoltaic industry will be caught in a "east-west dilemma".

For the modernization of agriculture, the integration of biological prevention and control, water and fertilizer integration, whole-process mechanization and other technologies have been relatively formed, but in terms of efficient investment in agricultural facilities, it is not enough to rely on financial strength, but also needs the input of social capital. In the past few years, considering the compatibility and complementarity of photovoltaic power generation and agricultural production in land use, the photovoltaic industry has been looking for the combination of the two.

"in the long run, the development of photovoltaic agriculture is of great significance to the agricultural transformation of our country. In the short term, photovoltaic agriculture is an effective measure to solve the current predicament of the photovoltaic industry." Shi Dinghuan, president of China Renewable Energy Society, believes that.

At present, photovoltaic agricultural greenhouses, such as complementary fishing and light, forest and light, and photovoltaic agricultural greenhouses with "growing vegetables in the greenhouse and generating electricity on the roof", have been put into application in many places. Among all the photovoltaic agricultural models, the "agricultural-photovoltaic complementary" model has the highest expectation.

"through the scientific and reasonable raising of photovoltaic brackets or the use of flexible photovoltaic brackets, agricultural planting and photovoltaic power generation are combined." The "complementary agriculture and light" defined by Hong Wei, a researcher at the China Energy Economic Research Institute, is exactly what the Zhongli Wannong "Intelligent Photovoltaic + Science and Technology Agriculture" project is doing. Different from other models, the breakthrough of this new generation of agricultural-photovoltaic complementary technology can provide the broadest possible space for photovoltaic agriculture.

"at present, in the eastern region, we mainly cultivate rice and wheat crops by improving barren beaches and wasteland to build ten thousand agricultural ecological photovoltaic projects. In fact, by raising the photovoltaic panel and installing veneer components reasonably, it is possible to at least not affect the growth of crops or hinder the field operation of general agricultural machinery. " Wang Baixing is very confident about Zhongli Wannong's patent project.

Of course, restricted by the basic farmland protection policy, Zhong Li Wannong has not been able to completely liberalize its hands and feet to carry out a new generation of "complementary agriculture and light" experiments. The final harvest of electricity and crops has been preliminarily verified, and the effectiveness of large-scale application needs to be relaxed. Only by building a certain number of photovoltaic + large-scale agricultural pilot projects on eastern farmland can we give a clear answer. From the current exploration and practice, Zhongli's practice may find a new way for modern agriculture and find a new export for the photovoltaic industry.

Photovoltaic agriculture achieves two incomes on the same piece of land, and social capital is invested to build modern agriculture--

Agriculture + photovoltaic: increase the value of land, increase farmers' income and help poverty alleviation

With the integration of industries, we may be lucky to get the result of "1 percent 1 > 2", but there is also the possibility of "1 percent 1 < 2" or even "1 percent 1 < 1". What kind of fruit will be produced by agricultural "grafting" photovoltaic?

Agriculture is the foundation of the country. Any exploration related to agriculture, especially the interests of farmland and farmers, should be evaluated with the most caution. When visiting and investigating photovoltaic agricultural projects, the question that reporters are most concerned about is: will photovoltaic power generation compete with agriculture for land and farmers for profits?

"after occupying my farmland, we only build photovoltaic power stations. What can we do if we don't farm?" With regard to "complementary agriculture and light" photovoltaic agriculture, some farmers interviewed by the reporter are generally worried that their land will be abandoned in a disguised form.

Photovoltaic enterprises as the main operating photovoltaic agriculture, more inclined to photovoltaic, or pay more attention to agriculture, depends on the income comparison between the two. In the view of Zhang Yong, chairman of the China Photovoltaic Agricultural work Committee, the income of modern agricultural operation is not necessarily lower than photovoltaic power generation. "the income of photovoltaic power generation depends on the laying area of solar photovoltaic panels, which is relatively stable; the income of agricultural production depends on the level of operation and management, choosing products suitable for photovoltaic agriculture and introducing facility agriculture and high-efficiency agriculture. Then the agricultural income will be greater than the photovoltaic income."

Ni Zhichun, vice president of Zhongli Teng Hui Photovoltaic Technology Co., Ltd., calculated an income account to the reporter with reference to the industry average: a photovoltaic power station with an installed capacity of 100MW needs to lay 3000 mu of land, with an annual profit of about 40 million yuan. the average profit per mu of photovoltaic power generation is 13000 yuan, which is equivalent to the average profit per mu of vegetables, such as planting flowers, Chinese herbal medicine and other agricultural income will be higher. Obviously, photovoltaic agriculture will not move towards the non-agriculture of "no money but no money".

At the experimental base of Zhongli Wannong, the reporter saw what agriculture looks like after "grafting" photovoltaic: solar energy insecticidal lamps, automatic spraying, sprayers, biological insecticidal boards, and other green and efficient agricultural facilities are placed on the photovoltaic roof; solar water irrigation systems and electrified agricultural machinery equipment can obtain sufficient electricity on the spot, and agricultural electricity can be "self-sufficient."