A corn seed magic geometry

Cooperatives save costs and increase income to build the whole corn industry chain

Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province, is located in the hinterland of Songliao Plain in the "Sautéed Sweet Corn with Salted Egg Yolk belt". The first-class rate of corn produced is close to 100%, and the perennial sown area is about 280000 hectares, accounting for nearly 90% of the total arable land. It is known as the "hometown of corn in China".

Most of the local agricultural machinery are concentrated in the hands of large households and cooperative organizations, and most farmers entrust their cultivated land to large households and cooperatives. Xue Yaohui's Wanxin Farmers' Cooperative came into being.

"We are the whole industry chain from sowing to selling grain." Xue Yaohui said. Locally, if farmers themselves cost 7500 yuan per hectare from farming to harvest, cooperative farming costs only 5000 yuan per hectare. After the grain harvest, the cooperative stores grain for farmers free of charge. The peasants want to sell grain and the co-operatives buy it at a price one penny higher than the market price per jin.

Walking into the warehouse of the Wanxin Cooperative, various types of harvesters, tractors, land preparation machines and planters are lined up in turn, quite imposing. "these are all our treasures, and we all rely on them to make money." Xue Yaohui said that the top priority is to reduce costs from each link of production and return benefits to farmers. Take the agricultural machinery service, for example, the membership fee is 20% lower than the market price, and only this item can save 1200 yuan per hectare.

Wanxin Cooperative is located in Shanqian Village, Liufang Street, Gongzhuling City, with more than 1120 members, 210sets of farming and harvesting machinery, 5 professional maintenance vehicles and 5900 square meters of agricultural machinery maintenance workshop. As of last year, there were 6660 mu of transferred land and 11700 mu of agricultural machinery service area, radiating many surrounding villages and towns.

With the mechanization going up, it is not easy to improve the efficiency. Lao Xue is working hard from crop varieties. According to his investigation, good varieties suitable for grain harvesting have the advantages of high resistance to lodging, hard ear axis, fast grain dehydration, and so on, which are good for growing grain.

Reduce expenses. In the past, it cost 1800 yuan per hectare to harvest, transport, store and thresh corn, while the grain machine only needed 1200 yuan per hectare.

Ensure the quality of harvest. In the past, about 1400 jin of grain was lost per hectare due to transportation, drying, storage and other factors. On the other hand, the grain harvest can be dried directly, which can greatly reduce the loss and increase the income by more than 1600 yuan per hectare.

Wanxin planting this year is suitable for corn machine harvest variety-Defeng 919, a total of 112 hectares. Corn harvester directly harvests, threshes and dries into storage, and corn grain machine effectively reduces grain moisture. It is estimated that the drying cost per ton can be saved by 510 yuan per ton in the process of grain drying. At present, the cooperative has built 27000 square meters of grain drying and storage center, four thousand-ton grain storage stores, grain storage depots can store 75000 tons of grain, and drying towers dry 300 tons of grain at one time.

Only when the scale goes up, can we give full play to our advantages. "in the past, I always had a headache from burning straw, but now waste straw has become a treasure." Xue Yaohui calculated an account: the straw was packaged by the cooperative and sold to the power plant, producing more than 6 tons of dry straw per hectare, the cooperative made a profit of 700 yuan per hectare, and the income from straw feeding cattle was more than 900 yuan per hectares. the annual straw recovery benefit of the cooperative alone can reach more than 500,000 yuan.

In the "special" cornfield, 565 varieties let farmers "see the selection of crops."

At present, Huang-Huai-Hai wheat has basically achieved full mechanization, corn is still mainly mechanical or manual harvest, and the labor intensity of transportation and threshing after harvest is high.

In Yuhuangmiao Town, Shanghe County, Jinan City, a piece of corn field is very "special": a variety display board is erected on the edge of each field, marked with variety number, planting area, yield and other information, and the cement road is separated between square pieces. there are drains on both sides of the road.

This is the largest corn field planting exhibition area in Shandong Province, covering an area of 465 mu. There are 565 varieties from more than 100 seed enterprises in 25 provinces and cities, basically including all corn varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai region.

"these more than 500 varieties are divided into four directions: ordinary, fresh food, silage and machine harvesting. Corn of the same use is displayed together, which is very intuitive." Meng Zhaodong, secretary of the party committee of the Maize Institute of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that the corn here is the leading variety in all regions of the market, and it is also a fist variety that will take over or be replaced in the next few years.

The field management is strict. Pang Shangshui, a professional cooperative for grain planting in Linyu, said that the management model of unified planning and layout, unified planting specifications, unified sowing, unified water and fertilizer management, and unified pest control were adopted to ensure that all the exhibitors had good growth conditions. Take soil preparation sowing as an example, the distance is accurate to centimeters, each row is 6 rows, the row spacing is 60 cm; each variety (combination) is planted 12 rows, the length is 18 meters, and the display area is 0.2 mu; in order to avoid the effect of different sowing time on variety performance, display varieties (combinations) are sown on the same day.

Chen Shaojiang, a professor at China Agricultural University and deputy director of the National Maize improvement Center, said that the display test here is relatively standardized, the management is also in place, and the performance of the varieties basically reflects the overall level of the Huang-Huai-Hai region.

The field planting exhibition area allows the main body of the field to "look at the selection of crops" in the field. Jiang Qinggong, director of the seed Management Station of Shandong Province, said that as of mid-September, more than 3500 people had come to watch, study and select seeds.

"stubborn" breeders selected 39 new varieties and extended more than 200 million mu

The high yield of corn is inseparable from breeding. Cheng Xiangwen, a breeding expert, is honorary president of the Henan Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. "from a distance, he looks like a beggar, but up close, he looks like a charcoal burner." This is how local people joke with Lao Cheng's team. After 50 years of breeding, Cheng Xiangwen has traveled to and from Hebi and Hainan, and the distance he has traveled can circle the earth seven times.

In the sixties and seventies of last century, corn flour was a "good meal" for farmers, and they often didn't have enough to eat. From then on, Cheng Xiangwen had a plan: must cultivate high-yield seeds, so that the villagers can have a good meal!

Corn is a single cross, with the second generation of seeds, the yield per mu will be reduced by about 30%, and the seeds must be changed once a year. The period of cultivating a new maize variety is 12 years, propagating in the south and breeding in the north, two generations can be planted every year, and it can be completed in 6 years.

In 1964, 28-year-old Cheng Xiangwen began a southern breeding journey carrying more than 50 jin of corn seeds: from Jun County to Luopeng Village, Sanya City, Hainan Province. I spent 20 days on the road, squeezing trains, changing buses and taking ships. In the same year, he brought back the first batch of corn hybrid seeds he had cultivated from Hainan. After planting locally in Jun County, the yield per mu suddenly increased from more than 100 jin to 500 to 600 jin.

After that, Cheng Xiangwen propagated in the south and bred in the north, selected 39 new corn varieties, promoted more than 200 million mu, and increased economic benefits by more than 15 billion yuan.

Now, in the experimental field of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Hebi, Henan Province, take out your mobile phone and scan the QR code on the corn sign. Farmers can clearly see the cultivation characteristics and characteristics of each variety, and know when to fertilize and water, and how much to water. The real-time monitoring system of Hebi base and Hainan base allows scientific and technological personnel to stay in Hebi and guide the planting of corn in Hainan breeding base. Scientific and technological personnel can check the monitoring system to understand the growth of corn and conduct online discussion on unexpected problems.

Cheng Xiangwen said: the Huang-Huai-Hai region is the main corn producing area in China, with a planting area of 190 million mu, accounting for more than 35 percent of the country's total. The cultivated varieties must meet the conditions of early maturity, lodging resistance, and disease resistance in order to realize the transformation of grain harvest from the current ear.

Yu Xinrong, vice minister of agriculture, said: this year, we will continue to arrange experiments on suitable grain corn varieties in the main corn producing areas of Northeast China and Huang-Huai-Hai, with 55 experimental sites and 2535 experimental varieties. The varieties that have completed the regional test and production test meet the requirements of machine-harvested grain varieties and are expected to pass the examination and approval early next year.