The cooperative leads the industrial chain to become rich on a large scale.

Editor's note

In recent years, due to the sharp rise in the price of donkey skin and donkey meat, coupled with the decline in the breeding efficiency of grass and livestock animals such as cattle and sheep, the donkey industry, which has been declining for many years, began to recover. In some advantageous areas of donkey farming, donkey stockpiling began to "twist down to increase", and new business entities such as specialized donkey farming cooperatives have sprung up, which has become the main force promoting the warming of the donkey industry. Compared with other livestock and poultry farming, the large-scale breeding of donkey industry has just started, the processing leader is less and single, cooperatives and other new operators how to make efforts in this process to improve the efficiency of breeding? Please take a look at our reporter's survey of some local donkey industry cooperatives in Shandong and Inner Mongolia.

Throughout the development of the donkey industry, donkeys were raised in many parts of the country before the 1990s, and they were mainly used for "service". Around 2000, with the promotion of agricultural mechanization, the donkey industry began to encounter a "abandonment crisis". The number of donkeys dropped from 11.6 million in the 1990s to more than 5.4 million, and the overall decline was still at a rate of about 300000 a year.

Under the background of "abandoning breeding" all the way, it must be cost-effective for farmers in some places to choose the donkey industry again. So, from "raising donkeys for service" to "raising donkeys for commercial use", and from raising donkeys in one household to developing large-scale farming with cooperatives and family farms as the main body, how to "make donkey money" quickly and steadily? With this problem, the reporter went deep into Inner Mongolia, Shandong and other places where donkey farming advantages were investigated.

The processing leader drives the donkey industry cooperative to be in the ascendant

At this stage, the development of livestock and poultry breeding is inseparable from the promotion of processing enterprises, there is no large donkey meat processing enterprises, donkey processing enterprises are mainly donkey skin as raw materials of the donkey gelatin industry. Due to the decline of donkey stock year after year, and the development of Ejiao industry, the demand for raw materials continues to rise, leading to a sharp rise in donkey skin prices. A piece of donkey skin worth dozens of yuan more than a decade ago has now risen to nearly 3000 yuan.

Li Junguo, director of the Junguo Farmers' breeding Cooperative in Xinhui Town, Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia, said: "since 2014, many members have changed cattle pens into donkey stalls because raising cattle earns less money, while raising donkeys is easy to feed. Moreover, the cooperative has signed an order recovery contract with Dong'e Ejiao Company, and the price is higher than the market price. Last year, Dong E E Jiao also presented two excellent male donkeys to the cooperative, worth nearly 100000 yuan. "

According to Yu Baojun, chief of Aohan Banner, in March 2015, Aohan Banner and Dong'e Ejiao Co., Ltd. signed a cooperation agreement on the development of donkey industry, and the two sides began to cooperate in donkey breed improvement, technical assistance, order recovery, diversified processing, and so on. At present, the two sides are promoting the construction of standardized donkey breeding demonstration farms, trading markets, live circulation slaughtering and processing plants, and so on.

Dong'e Ejiao, a leading enterprise in the national donkey gelatin industry, has built a standard donkey medicine breeding demonstration base in the national advantageous areas since 2002, adhering to the concept of "superior regional layout and development of the whole industry chain". At present, 20 large-scale breeding demonstration bases have been established in 10 provinces and regions, including Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Shandong and *.

Thanks to the omni-directional cooperation with Dong'e Ejiao Company, donkey raising cooperatives in Aohan Banner have developed rapidly, reaching 84 at present, driving the number of donkeys to 263000, an increase of 65000 over 2014. The same thing happened in Dong'e County, Shandong Province, where Dong'e Ejiao is located. Since the strategic cooperation with Dong'e Ejiao in 2014, the county's new main body of donkey farming has grown from scratch. At present, there are nearly 50 cooperatives and more than 30,000 donkeys.

The policy supports large-scale aquaculture in an all-round way.

"Donkeys are covered with treasures, and there are few epidemic diseases, so they are suitable for large-scale breeding." Wang Chengwei, chairman of the Huatong Donkey farming Cooperative in Donga County, said, "however, to build a donkey farm with a scale of 300 heads, the first phase investment will cost 2 million yuan. How can farmers afford it?"

What solved Wang Chengwei's problem was the "implementation opinions on the Development of Donkey raising Industry (2015-2019)" issued by Donga County in 2014. The opinion puts forward the model of "government + enterprise + bank + cooperative + farmer": in terms of policy, there are preferential policies such as land coordination and related fee reduction, and subsidies ranging from 100000 yuan to 300000 yuan for the construction of large-scale breeding farms; the government, enterprises and banks jointly contribute 5 million yuan to "financing and credit enhancement", and cooperate with Qilu Bank and Weifang Bank to provide farmers with discount loans. Dong E Ejiao pricing provides donkey foals, pricing and recycling of finished donkeys, supporting the establishment of breeding cooperatives and providing management services.

Large-scale farms have been built, directors also want to speed up the pace of development, poverty alleviation policies have helped them.

"to promote the poverty alleviation of the donkey industry, we have explored a 'trusteeship raising donkey' poverty alleviation model with donkey farming cooperatives as the main body of implementation and quantifying poverty alleviation funds into shares and dividends." Hou Amin, director of Donga County Poverty Alleviation Office, said.

Donga County provides two female donkeys to each poor household, and the financial special poverty alleviation fund subsidizes 4000 yuan; poor households give 4000 yuan of female donkeys and subsidies to donkey-raising cooperatives to buy shares and sign a substitute breeding agreement; after female donkeys give birth to foals, poor families can enjoy 1200 yuan of incentive funds for female donkey breeding, and the cooperative will pay dividends to poor households according to the fixed income of 1200 yuan per donkey. At the same time, for every poor household driven by the cooperative, it can get a loan of 50, 000 yuan, with a maximum loan of 2 million yuan.

Hou Amin interprets the benefits of "trusteeship raising donkeys" in poverty alleviation: "cooperatives have expanded the scale of farming and can also enjoy the policy of full discount loans. Poor households avoid the difficulties of building donkey houses and learning technology, and directly enjoy breeding incentives and cooperative stock funds, with low risks and stable returns. Poor households without the ability to work can earn an annual income of 3600 yuan. Poor households who have the ability to work can also work in cooperatives to earn a stable income. "

The reporter found that similar donkey raising support policies are also available in Aohan Banner, Balinzuo Banner, and Yanggu and Guanxian County in Shandong Province. The new type of donkey farmers, represented by cooperatives, have become the biggest beneficiaries. Through the skillful use of policies, many cooperatives have achieved rapid development, and the scale and driving ability of raising donkeys have been significantly improved.

To meet the market demand, the industrial chain extends upstream and downstream.

Also raising donkeys, the Tianlong Donkey raising Cooperative, located in Houxinglongdi Village, Lindong Town, Balinzuo Banner, Inner Mongolia, has its own know-how. "you see, now the price of an adult live donkey is just over 17 yuan per jin, and the price of a donkey foal is already over 20 yuan. A good black donkey foal has risen to 23 yuan a catty. Further up, excellent male donkeys and breeding females are more expensive, and a good breeding male donkey costs NT $30,000 to NT $40,000 per donkey. " Tao Zhifu, chairman of the board, said, "according to the situation, the cooperative strives to extend upstream, guiding its members to take the initiative to keep good donkey foals, to expand the groups of excellent male donkeys and female donkeys, and to earn a lot of money upstream."

Liu Yuguo, chief pastor of the Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Balin Zuo Banner, said that in recent years, the donkey industry has heated up, and the rise of "donkey raising fever" has led to a strong demand for donkey foals, which in turn has brought about the "upside down" of live donkey prices and donkey foal prices. In this regard, Balin Zuoqi gives full play to its traditional advantages and guides new types of donkey farmers such as cooperatives to take the initiative to extend upstream, and the effect of increasing income is obvious. Now, the annual income of fattening a donkey will not exceed 1500 yuan, while raising female donkeys will strive to produce and sell a donkey foal every year, earning more than 3000 yuan.

The donkey industry in the traditional advantage area, which is located in the ecotone of agriculture and animal husbandry, extends upstream, while the cooperative located in the agricultural area has made an article in the downstream. The members of Jiaocheng Donkey raising Cooperative in Donga County can make a fortune of donkey milk every year. "if the feeding technology is in place, a female donkey during pregnancy can produce milk for up to five or six months and can produce two jin of milk every day, with a price of 30 yuan per jin and a gross income of nearly 10,000 yuan. At present, the cooperative has a breeding scale of more than 400, has registered the trademark 'Qushan', and has developed more than 50 milk subscribers. " Zhu Shiping, the person in charge of the cooperative, said.

Jiaocheng cooperative also extended the chain to the field of slaughtering and sales, set up its own standardized slaughterhouses, and set up direct stores in Liaocheng, Donga and other places, where chilled meat and deli meat were in short supply. According to Zhu Shiping's calculation, since the cooperative business extended downstream, the annual income of 400 donkeys has increased from 4.5 million yuan when fattening to more than 2 million yuan now.