Cultivation methods of African chrysanthemum: planting methods of seeds, how to propagate gerbera and how to deal with it

First, when conserving African chrysanthemum, we should pay attention to the diseases that may occur on it.

1. Epidemic disease: the key technology for prevention and control is that the continuous cropping soil must be disinfected with Weibo mu and formaldehyde, the usage and dosage can be described in the instructions; shallow planting, the root neck exposed on the surface 1cm; to prevent the soil from getting too wet, the soil below 10cm can be watered. At the initial stage of the disease, some leaves became red and began to wilt, and the roots were irrigated with 58% ethyl phosphorus, aluminum, manganese and zinc 400 times, and then irrigated with 64% poisonous alum powder 500 times in the next 7 days. the application time was carried out when the temperature was low in the morning and evening, and stopped when the temperature was higher than 28 degrees Celsius. Once every 7 days, three times in a row.

2. Powdery mildew: the key technology for prevention and control is to keep the ventilation in the shed low and humid; to remove the diseased leaves in time; to spray 1500 times of methyl topiramate at the time of onset, or to control it with 20% carbendazim smoke, once every 7 days, even for 2-3 times. In addition, sulfur fumigation was used to control the disease. 20-30g sulphur powder was put into each fumigator each time. After the curtain was released at 17:00 every day, the shed was kept airtight, heated by electricity for 2 hours, and the sulfur powder was changed every 6 days for 15 consecutive days. During the onset period of powdery mildew, powdery mildew can be eliminated by fumigation for 8-10 hours every day for about 10 days.

Second, temperature requirements. The cultivation facilities should be used to meet the temperature requirements of African chrysanthemum at seedling stage, growth stage and flowering stage, so as to facilitate normal growth and flowering. Outside South China, there is no open field for overwintering, so it needs to be cultivated in greenhouse, and can be cultivated in greenhouse outside the Yangtze River basin. In summer, the roof should be covered with a shade net and the plastic film on both sides of the greenhouse should be opened to cool down. When the external night temperature is close to 0C in winter, the plastic film must be covered in the shed. In case of sunny and warm weather, the southern end of the greenhouse was opened for about an hour of film ventilation at noon.

Third, lighting requirements. African chrysanthemum is a light-loving flower, which needs full light in winter, but it should pay attention to proper shading and strengthen ventilation in summer to reduce the temperature and prevent high temperature from causing dormancy.

Fourth, irrigation requirements. After planting, the seedlings should be properly moist and squatted, so as to promote the development of root system and form seedlings quickly. During the period of exuberant growth, adequate water supply should be maintained, irrigated every 3-4 days in summer and about half a month in winter. Flowering irrigation should be careful not to make the center of the leaves stained with water to prevent the flower buds from rotting. In open field cultivation, attention should be paid to waterlogging prevention. In addition, irrigation can be combined with fertilization.

Fifth, the requirement of topdressing. African chrysanthemum is a perennial flower that likes fertilizer, which has a great demand for fertilizer. the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:18:25. Special attention should be paid to the supplement of potash when topdressing. Generally, each mu sells 2.5 kilograms of potassium acid, 1.2 kilograms of ammonium nitrate or ammonium phosphate, every 5-6 days in spring and autumn, and every 10 days in winter and summer. If the plant is semi-dormant caused by high temperature or low temperature, fertilization will be stopped.

What to do if you don't know what to do:

Potted African chrysanthemum leaves wilt, if not saved in time, a long time will often lead to plant wilt. If it is not saved properly, it will sometimes cause plant death. The right thing to do is to immediately move the flowerpot to the shade when you find the leaves wilting, spray some water to the leaves, and pour a small amount of water. Later, as the stems and leaves gradually return to straight and straight, and then gradually increase the amount of water. If too much water is poured at this time, the plant may die. This is because a large number of root hairs of African chrysanthemum are damaged after wilting, so the water absorption capacity is greatly reduced, and the original water absorption capacity can be restored only after the new root hairs are produced. At the same time, wilting makes the cells lose water. After meeting the water, the cell wall absorbs water first and expands rapidly, and the protoplast absorbs water after it, and the expansion rate is slow. If a large amount of water is poured suddenly at this time, the plasmolemma will be separated and the protoplast will be damaged. As a result, African chrysanthemum died.

Propagation methods of African Chrysanthemum

Propagation method of African Chrysanthemum: sowing method

Usually, African chrysanthemum can bear 20 or 30 seeds per flower, which can be sown in spring or autumn. Spring sows in March and May and autumn sows in September and October.

Pot sowing is carried out after the seed is ripe, because the seed life is short, it is not suitable to hide for a long time. It is best to carry out artificial pollination at flowering stage, the seed germination rate is low, only about 50%, cover with paper after sowing, prevent direct sunlight, the temperature is 20 ℃ 25 min, germinate in about two weeks.

Sixty or seventy days after sowing, flowerpots were transplanted or planted in the open field when the seedlings had three or four true leaves, and flowering could be seen after two or three months of cultivation.

Propagation method of African chrysanthemum: split plant method

Ramet propagation is mostly carried out in March and April.

First dig out the mother plant, cut into several sub-plants, sub-plant must have buds and roots, and should not be too small, pot should not be too deep, it is best to dig a group of two plants to plant, which is conducive to increase the number of flowers.

If you encounter drought during growth, you should be fully watered. When watering, the center of the leaf clump should not be wet and should be kept dry, otherwise the flower buds will rot easily.

The optimum temperature for growth is 20 ℃ 25 ℃, and the winter temperature is more than 12 mol. It can have flowers all the year round after careful maintenance.

Often remove the exuberant and excessive outer layer of old leaves, is conducive to the occurrence of new leaves and new flower buds, but also conducive to ventilation, can make it continue to bloom.

If sufficient sunshine is needed during the growth period, the pedicels are tall and straight, the flowers are bright; the sun is insufficient, the leaves are thin and yellow, the pedicels are soft and drooping, and the flowers are light in color.

Propagation method of African chrysanthemum: test tube seedling method

If test-tube breeding can be carried out in places with favorable conditions, it will be more beneficial to accelerate the breeding and promotion of improved varieties.

At present, the Netherlands, the United States, Japan, West Germany and other countries, using leaf in vitro culture, have successfully produced a large number of test-tube seedlings, and then soilless cultivation, put into the production of flowers. Shanghai Institute of Landscape Architecture in China also uses tissue culture to propagate a large number of Fulang flowers.

How to reproduce African chrysanthemum, the propagation method of African chrysanthemum (split / cutting / sowing)

For African chrysanthemum, we should have heard that it has large flowers and a wide variety of colors, so it is a kind of flower loved by flower friends. With more and more people raising gerbera, mass reproduction is imperative, so how to reproduce gerbera? Generally speaking, there are three propagation methods of African chrysanthemum: split, cutting and sowing, and then follow the editor to learn more about the specific operation.

How to propagate Gerbera gerbera, split / cuttage / sow

As a kind of green plant that can be raised indoors, the reproduction method of gerbera is no different from other plants. It is mainly divided into sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction is divided into cuttings and ramets, while sexual reproduction is sowing. So how do gerbera reproduce? The editor will give you a detailed account of how to do it.

2. Three propagation methods of African chrysanthemum

(1) ramet propagation of African chrysanthemum.

The most common method of propagation of African chrysanthemum, generally speaking, every three years, when the plant becomes crowded, we can divide it. Use a knife to divide the plant into several plants, each with one to several terminal buds and enough roots, sterilize the wound and put it on the pot. The specific operations are as follows:

1. Ramet time

The propagation time of African chrysanthemum is usually carried out in March or April, once every three years.

2. Ramet method

The healthy African chrysanthemum, which has been growing for three years, is dug up and cut into several sub-plants, which must have one to several terminal buds and sufficient roots, and should not be divided too small. Then potted them separately, note that the potted plants should not be too deep, and it is best to dig holes for every two plants, which is conducive to increasing the number of flowers. After that, it can be maintained according to the breeding method of African chrysanthemum.

(2) Cuttage propagation of African chrysanthemum.

Cutting is the most common method of plant propagation, but for the propagation of African chrysanthemum, cutting is not practical, because the operation is very inconvenient, so it is not recommended. To put it simply, cutting is beheading, and then cutting with a large number of lateral buds. The specific operations are as follows:

Choose a strong African chrysanthemum mother plant, dig it out and remove the soil, then cut off the thick part of the rhizome, remove the leaves, cut the growth point, retain the root neck, and finally plant it in a planting box filled with peat. The room temperature is kept at 22-24 ℃ and the humidity is 70%. After about 2 weeks, leaf axillary buds and adventitious buds will grow in the root neck, forming bud cuttings. Compared with other plant cuttings, it's scary!

After the bud strips grow 4-5 leaves, cut them as cuttings, and then insert them into the sand bed. After cutting, the temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, the humidity is kept at 80% Mel 90%, and it can take root in about one month. After rooting, the seedlings of African chrysanthemum can be formed by transplanting them in a nutrition bowl for one month. A mother plant can repeatedly cut cuttings for 3-4 times, and 10-20 cuttings can be picked. It is worth mentioning that the new plants cut in that year can blossom in the same year.

(3) sowing plant propagation of African chrysanthemum.

Gerbera leaves seeds after flowering, so it can be sown and propagated. It is worth mentioning that African chrysanthemum is self-sterile and must be pollinated by at least two different plants in order to bear fruit. So when we use sowing seeds to breed gerbera, we usually go to the florist to buy seeds, of course, it is better to use imported ones. The specific operations are as follows:

1. Sowing time

For the propagation of gerbera, you must first choose the right time. You can sow it in spring or autumn. Spring sows in March and May, and autumn sows in September and October.

2. Sowing method

After buying the seeds, sow them into the prepared potted soil, but the germination rate of gerbera seeds is low, only about 50%, so post-sowing conservation is very important. After sowing, cover it with paper to prevent direct sunlight. The temperature is 20 ℃ 25 min, about two weeks later. About 60 or 70 days later, when the seedlings had 3-4 true leaves, they were transplanted in flowerpots or planted in the open field, and flowered after 2-3 months of cultivation.

Generally speaking, gerbera can be propagated by cutting, ramet and sowing, but the most suitable for flower friends is ramet and sowing. So the flower friends who want to change the gerbera into more than one pot at home, try it yourself quickly. Even the novice will be very likely to succeed. This is the introduction to the breeding method of African chrysanthemum. I hope I can help you.