Culture methods and matters needing attention of Hemerocallis what is the alias

Hemerocallis has the name of mother flower in China. Hemerocallis looks similar to what we usually call yellow flowers, the kind of yellow flowers we usually see, the kind of yellow flowers that can cook soup. What are the breeding methods and precautions of Hemerocallis? What are the other aliases for day lilies?

Culture methods of Hemerocallis:

Like warm and humid environment, the soil is better with slightly stickiness. It can be propagated separately in fields, ditches, houses or potted plants.

From October to November, the whole plant was dug up after the shoot withered or before the plant sprouted in spring.

The cultivation of Hemerocallis is mostly carried out in early spring at the beginning of March, before germination. Cultivation is required to be planted in soils with good drainage, no stagnant water in summer and rich in organic matter.

Its tillering ability is relatively strong, and the row spacing is kept above 30cm when planting.

The cultivation and management of hemerocallis is relatively simple, because of the long flowering period, in addition to applying sufficient basal fertilizer (with rotten cow manure or pig manure), topdressing is needed for 2 or 3 times before and during flowering, mainly to supplement phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be sprayed to promote the hypertrophy of flowers and achieve the effect of prolonging florescence, cutting off flower stems from the ground after flowering and removing withered leaves at the base of plant clusters in time.

Hemerocallis can also be potted, but dwarf varieties, such as "Jinwa", must be selected when planting.

The basin soil can be prepared with 4 ∶ 3 ∶ 2 ∶ 1 peat, pine needle, cow dung and garden soil. After planting, pay attention to plastic surgery to make sure that the plant clusters are symmetrical.

Matters needing attention in Hemerocallis culture and pest control:

The common pests of day lilies are red spiders, aphids, thrips, leaf miners and so on.

To do a good job of prevention and control, after the cauliflower is picked, the aboveground will die immediately. Cut the plant root and the stem near the root in time, move out of the cauliflower planting place, and reduce the source of bacteria and insects.

During the growing period, we should work in time to fertilize and cultivate in winter, enhance the ability of disease resistance, and renew and rejuvenate old age at the right time.

Timely use of medicine to control, diseases can be sprayed with 3000 times of chlorothalonil, and pests can be controlled with 3000 times of Amele.

Day lilies are not equal to cauliflower. Day lily is one of the plants of the genus Hemerocallis, but most of the plants except day lily are inedible.

Propagation methods of Hemerocallis:

1. Ramet propagation

Ramet propagation is carried out after leaf withering or before germination in early spring. Dig up the root plant and cut off the withered root and too many fibrous roots. After one ramet, it can be divided again after 4 or 5 years, and the seedlings can blossom in the same year. Generally speaking, each mother plant can be divided into 3 and 4 plants, and individual varieties, such as "Jinwa", can be divided into 6 and 7 plants.

2. Sowing and reproduction

Seed propagation should be sowed in autumn and generally emerge about 4 weeks after sowing. If the summer and autumn seeds are sown immediately after harvest, the seedlings will emerge in about 20 days. The sowing seedlings blossomed after 2 years.

Sowing and propagation should be treated with sand storage in autumn and winter, the seeds germinate quickly and neatly after spring sowing, and the seedlings generally blossom for 2 years. It can also be cut with tender flower buds in summer and cut in vermiculite, which can take root in about 1 month and blossom in the following year.

Another name for day lilies:

Alias: cauliflower, golden needle, Sichuan grass flower, forget depression, forget worry grass, appropriate male grass, etc., it is perennial root herbs, of course, there are short rhizomes.

The flowering period produces slender green flowering branches with orange-yellow flowers and a long stalk in a tube like a lily. Its fruit is winged and is commonly cultivated all over the country, and wild ones are found in the provinces south of the Qinling Mountains.

This is the end of the breeding method and matters needing attention of Hemerocallis. This kind of mother flower is very good-looking. Hurry up and give one to your own yard.

Culture methods and matters needing attention of Hemerocallis

The Latin name Hemerocallis fulva (L.) l.

Also known as cauliflower, golden needle, deer onion, Sichuan grass flower, forget depression, Dan thorn, etc.

The plant kingdom.

Phylum angiosperm

Monocotyledon class

Liliformes

Suborder Lilium

Liliaceae

Hemerocallis clan

Hemerocallis

Plant hemerocallis

The distribution is native to China, Siberia, Japan and Southeast Asia.

Hemerocallis (scientific name: Hemerocallis fulva) is a perennial perennial herb. With short rhizomes and stout fusiform fleshy roots. There are many aliases for Hemerocallis, such as "Golden Needle", "cauliflower", "forget worry Grass", "suitable male Grass", "Healing sorrow", "Deer Arrow" and so on. Hemerocallis is called "Tiger Lily" in English. When eating, it is often called "golden needle". Its leaf shape is flat and long linear, and the underground stem has a small amount of poison, so it can not be eaten directly. The shape of the flower is to grow slender green flowering branches at the flowering stage, with orange flowers, long stalks and tube-like lilies. The fruit has wings. It is commonly cultivated all over the country, and there are wild ones in the provinces and regions south of Qinling Mountains. Although hemerocallis flowers are mainly produced in China, they have not been improved for a long time. After the 1930s, some botanical gardens and horticulturists in the United States collected plants of the genus Hemerocallis from China, Japan and other countries for cross breeding. now there are more than 10,000 varieties, which has become an important ornamental and cut flower. it is also the largest variety of flowers in the lily family. At the same time, Hemerocallis is also the mother flower of China.

1. Morphological characteristics.

Perennial herbs, rhizomes thick and short, with fleshy fibrous roots, most of which are dilated in a narrow and long spindle shape. Leaves basal in clusters, striate-lanceolate, 30~60cm long, ca. 2.5cm wide, abaxially glaucous. Large orange flowers in summer, scape longer than leaves, more than 1 m high; panicle terminal, with 6 flowers, pedicels about 1cm, with small lanceolate bracts; flowers long 7~12cm, perianth base thick and short funnel-shaped, up to 2.5cm, perianth 6, spreading, reversing, outer whorl 3, wide 1~2cm, inner whorl 3 as wide as 2.5cm, margin slightly undulate; stamens 6, filaments long, inserted perianth throat Ovary superior, style slender.

The main characteristics of this species are: the root is nearly fleshy, the middle and lower parts have fusiform expansion; the leaves are generally wide; the flowers bloom in the morning and evening, without fragrance, orange to orange, and there are ∧-shaped spots in the lower part of the inner perianth lobes. These characteristics can be distinguished from other domestically produced species. The flowering and fruiting period is from May to July.

2. Geographical distribution

It is native to China, Siberia, Japan and Southeast Asia.

3. Growth environment

Strong, cold-resistant, North China can overwinter in open field, strong adaptability, like moisture and drought, like sunshine and half-shade. The selectivity to the soil is not strong, but the humus-rich and well-drained moist soil is suitable. Adapt to grow at 300-2500 meters above sea level.

4. Variety classification

Hemerocallis is also called Hemerocallis. There are about 20 natural species and 8 species in China.

1. H. flava: native to China, with dark green banded leaves, 30-60cm long and 0.5-1.5cm wide. Arch bend. There are 6-9 flowers, lemon-yellow flowers, shallow funnel-shaped flowers, about 125cm in height and 9cm in diameter. The flower bud is the famous "cauliflower", which can be eaten.

2. Cauliflower (yellow flower) H. citrina: leaves are broad, dark green, long 75cm, wide 1.5~2.5cm, inflorescences bear about 30 flowers, inflorescence bracts are narrowly triangular; it is distributed all over the country, especially in Guanjiazui Town, Qidong County, Hunan Province, which is the national origin of cauliflower.

3. Hemerocallis middendo: long leaves 30~45cm, inflorescences with 2-4 flowers, yellow, fragrant, petals 8-10cm long, pedicels very short, flowers compact, with large triangular bracts. Florescence in July

4. Hemerocallis tong H. thunbergh: long leaves 74cm, scape high 120cm, apical branches with 12-24 flowers, apricot yellow, deep throat, short funnel-shaped, aromatic.

5. Cauliflower H.minor: high 30~60cm. Leaves green, about 50cm long, wide 6cm. With 2-6 flowers, yellow, brown halo, long 5~10cm, fragrant. Blossom in the evening. The florescence is from June to September, and the buds are edible.

6. Red pirate Hemerocallis: strong disease resistance, low demand for soil, waterlogging and drought resistance. The height is 25 to 30 cm, the florescence is from late May to early October, and the annual tillering rate is 8.

7. Hemerocallis Hemerocallis: the height is 40ml / 45cm, the color is complex, the florescence is from June to September, the annual tillering rate is 5-7 times, and it can survive the winter naturally in the environment of minus 20 degrees.

8. Z300 Hemerocallis: 30-35 cm in height, flowering from the end of May to early October, red in color

The annual tillering rate is 15-20 times, low requirements for soil, strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, and can survive the winter naturally in the environment of minus 30 degrees. It is an excellent variety of day lilies in landscaping.

9. Autumn red hemerocallis: 35-40 cm in height, flowering from May to October, and 6 annual tillers.

10. Hemerocallis: height 30-35 cm, florescence May-October, annual tillering rate 12; Children's festival Hemerocallis, height 35-40 cm, florescence June-October, annual tillering rate 6.

5. Cultivation techniques.

The main method of reproduction is ramet propagation, and sowing reproduction is used in breeding. Ramet propagation is carried out after leaf withering or before germination in early spring. Dig up the root plant and cut off the withered root and too many fibrous roots. After one ramet, it can be divided again after 4 or 5 years, and the seedlings can blossom in the same year. Seed propagation should be sowed in autumn and generally emerge about 4 weeks after sowing. If the summer and autumn seeds are sown immediately after harvest, the seedlings will emerge in about 20 days. The sowing seedlings blossomed after 2 years.

The cultivation management is simple and extensive, the row spacing is about 0.5 × 1 m, and 3 plants are planted in each hole. Apply enough base fertilizer before planting. Because of its strong adaptability, Hemerocallis can be planted almost anywhere, and the plant cluster can be expanded year after year, but it should be matched according to plant height and flower color in the garden in order to improve the ornamental effect.

Key points of cultivation

Like a warm and humid environment. The soil is better with slightly stickiness. It can be cultivated in fields, ditches, houses and other places. Propagate in separate plants. From October to November, after the shoot withered or before the plant sprouted in spring, the whole plant was dug up and divided into a cluster every 2 or 3.

Before planting, according to the row, plant distance of each 40cm hole, hole depth 17~20cm, each hole planted a clump, the root should be laid in all directions, cover the soil tight. Water or irrigate human and animal dung water. Since the second year, weeding and topdressing three times a year, the first time in March, the second time before flowering in June, the third time after falling seedlings in October, after each intertillage and weeding, the application of human and animal manure water.

The common diseases of Hemerocallis are leaf spot, leaf blight, rust, anthracnose and stem blight. The main pests are red spiders, aphids, thrips, leaf miners and so on.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: first of all, it is necessary to do a good job in agricultural prevention and control. after picking cauliflower, the aboveground parts die immediately, and they should be cut and transported out of the field in time, so as to reduce the source of bacteria and insects; do a good job in topdressing and winter cultivation of cauliflower to enhance disease resistance; timely renew and rejuvenate old cauliflower; select disease-resistant varieties, and so on. Timely use of medicine to control, diseases can be sprayed with 3000 times of chlorothalonil, and pests can be controlled with 3000 times of Amele.

6. Identification

Day lilies are not equal to cauliflower. Day lily is one of the plants of the genus Hemerocallis, but most of the plants except day lily are inedible. The day lilies we grow and enjoy every day are not cauliflower, but hemerocallis, lilac, etc.; cauliflower generally appears in the vegetable field, not in the flower bed. Do not pick "day lily" from the flower bed to eat, so as not to be poisoned.

The flowers of cauliflower are long and thin, the petals are narrow, and the flowers are light yellow. Ornamental day lily flowers are close to some funnel-shaped lilies, the color is generally orange, and some are even close to red.

Fresh cauliflower contains a small amount of colchicine, which should be made into dried products and cooked or fried at high temperature before eating.

Orange and orange day lilies contain a lot of colchicine and cannot be eaten even if they are scalded and scalded in hot water. If you accidentally eat, it will stimulate the stomach and respiratory system, but also dry mouth, diarrhea, dizziness.

Because the flower shape is similar, many literatures have confused Hemerocallis and cauliflower. Please keep in mind that if it is said in the article that day lilies can be eaten, it must refer to the cauliflower in the vegetable field, not the day lily in the flower bed.

7. Main value

Main treatment of medicinal value function

Clearing heat and diuresis, cooling blood and stopping bleeding. For mumps, jaundice, cystitis, hematuria, adverse urination, lack of milk, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, hematochezia. External use to treat mastitis.

Diuresis, cool blood. Treatment of edema, adverse urination, turbid, under, jaundice, bleeding, hematochezia, metrorrhagia, mastitis.

① "Materia Medica remains": sand shower, water vapor, main wine jaundice yellow all over the body, hammering juice clothing.

② "Materia Medica derives meaning": research juice one, ginger juice half phase, always sipping, cure big heat and blood.

③ "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": treat redness, swelling and pain of breast, obstruction of milk, abscess, milk rock, attack carbuncle, Hanzhong birth, its nature to tonify yin blood, stop low back pain, treat avalanche and leakage, stop subcolonic bleeding.

④ "Materia Medica Mengfu": fried with wine, it needs medicine for tetanus.

⑤ "Materia Medica": to treat turbid.

⑥ "Materia Medica from the new": urination is not clear, fried water drink frequently is very good; edema all over the body is also effective.

⑦ "classified herbal medicine": nourishing yin and tonifying spirit, relieving women's blood gas, detumescence, and treating cough in children.

⑧ "Tianbao Materia Medica": for the treatment of bladder hernia.

⑨ "Guizhou Folk prescription Collection": menstruation, treatment of irregular menstruation, red avalanche leucorrhea, low back pain when menstruation comes, but also can strengthen stomach and spleen.

Usage and dosage

2: 4 yuan, appropriate amount for external use, smash and apply to the affected area.

Attached party

① treatment of systemic edema: deer spring onion roots and leaves, sun-dried for the end, 2 yuan per serving, rice before eating. ("Sheng Hui Fang")

② to treat blood after stool: hemerocallis root and ginger, fried in oil, taken with wine. (general Records of Holy Franciscans)

③ treats the blood under the large intestine, and the drugs are ineffective: ten leaking Reed fruits, five points of camellias, three dollars of red elm, and one coin of ivory. Fry the above four flavors in water for three times. (southern Yunnan Materia Medica)

④ treatment of jaundice: fresh hemerocallis root two pairs (washed), a hen (to the head, feet and viscera). Stew in water for three hours, once a day or two. (East Fujian Materia Medica)

⑤ treatment of breast abscess swelling and pain: hemerocallis root (fresh) mashed, externally used as a bag agent. ("Modern practical Chinese Medicine")

⑥ treats low back pain in men and women: fifteen missing root fruits and one pig kidney. Fry the above two flavors in water for three times. (southern Yunnan Materia Medica)

Pharmacological action

Treatment of schistosomiasis with ①

There are different reports on the efficacy of hemerocallis root (musk hemerocallis root) in the experimental treatment of schistosomiasis japonicum. some think that the worm reduction rate is more than 80%, some think that the worm reduction rate is not high, and some think that the number of worms is not reduced. It has been further studied that Hemerocallis root has no preventive effect on mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum cercariae, and it is ineffective in combination with Guang Mu Xiang, betel nut, Coptis chinensis, Phellodendron Phellodendri and pumpkin pulp powder, and does not show synergism with antimony potassium tartrate. The effect of Hemerocallis hemerocallis root (including Hemerocallis hemerocallis from Zhenjiang) on adult Schistosoma japonicum is mainly characterized by atrophy of worm body and degeneration of reproductive organs, but these changes are reversible and recover quickly after drug withdrawal. Dog fecal hatching can turn negative after treatment, or cercariae reduced, and can still turn positive after a certain period of time. Because Hemerocallis root has strong toxicity to the host, the degree of safety is small, in the case of host death, it can not kill the insect, so the clinical value is low. An attempt is made to separate the active and toxic components by chemical methods, but it seems likely that the two are the same substance.

Anti-tuberculosis effect of ②

When Hemerocallis root is used in the treatment of schistosomiasis, it is not easy to separate its effective part from toxic part, and its toxicity can be significantly reduced after heating, but its therapeutic effect on schistosomiasis is also lost, but its inhibitory effect on tuberculosis remains unchanged. It is not only effective in test tube experiment, but also effective in the treatment of experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs. Further isolation of various components of Dongcao root, Hemerocallis ether extract on experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs, Xuan Ⅲ on experimental tuberculosis in mice is not significant enough, but there are no serious toxic reactions such as optic nerve atrophy. In addition, hemerocallis root combined with Chuanwu can kill snails.

Toxicity.

Hemerocallis root has strong toxicity to the host, and the pathological changes caused by Hemerocallis root in mice are mainly characterized by general softening and demyelination of fiber cords of brain, spinal cord and optic nerve, and mild lesions in gray matter. Liver and kidney cells have varying degrees of turbid swelling, and there are blood stasis or macular hemorrhage in the lungs. The symptoms of poisoning in rabbits and dogs were pupil dilation, death caused by disappearance of light reflex, blindness, hindlimb paralysis and bladder retention, and urine protein in rabbits during hemerocallis root poisoning, but no bilirubin, serum transaminase was also normal, indicating that the injured person was mainly kidney, but not liver, and abnormal glucose metabolism was seen from the decrease of urine glucose and glucose tolerance. The toxicity of Hemerocallis is mainly concentrated in the root, and its toxicity varies greatly with different producing areas. Heating more than 60 ℃ can weaken the toxicity, or even destroy it completely. Hemerocallis root has a great accumulation in the body, the tolerance of animals infected with Schistosoma japonicum to hemerocallis root is lower than that of uninfected animals, rice swill bubble system can not reduce the toxicity of the drug, Coptis chinensis and Phellodendron chinensis can partially relieve its toxicity.

Ornamental value is colorful, easy to cultivate, and germinates early in spring, and the green leaves are very beautiful. There are many clusters in the garden or planted in the flower border or by the side of the road. Day lilies can tolerate half shade and can be used as sparse woodland cover plants.

Other values Hemerocallis was a commonly used dye before the advent of modern chemical dyes. In addition, day lilies are very sensitive to fluorine. When the air is polluted by fluorine, the tips of the leaves of day lilies turn reddish brown, so they are often used as pointer plants to monitor whether the environment is polluted by fluorine.

Culture Management of Hemerocallis Hemerocallis (scientific name: Hemerocallis fulva) is a perennial perennial root herb. With short rhizomes and stout fusiform fleshy roots. There are many aliases for Hemerocallis, such as "Golden Needle", "cauliflower", "forget worry Grass", "suitable male Grass", "Healing sorrow", "Deer Arrow" and so on. Hemerocallis is called "Tiger Lily" in English. When eating, it is often called "golden needle". Its leaf shape is flat and long linear, and the underground stem has a small amount of poison, so it can not be eaten directly. The shape of the flower is to grow slender green flowering branches at the flowering stage, with orange flowers, long stalks and tube-like lilies. The fruit has wings. It is commonly cultivated all over the country, and there are wild ones in the provinces and regions south of Qinling Mountains.

The main culture method is ramet culture, and it can also be sown, cultured and tissue cultured. 1. Ramet culture is carried out in spring and autumn. Ramet should be carried out before germination in early spring. It is planted every 2 or 4 years. Firstly, the old plants were dug up by the roots, and the withered roots and excessive whisker roots were cut off. Each clump had 3 buds when it was divided, and it was replanted according to the row spacing 30cmX40cm, and 4 plants were planted in each hole. Planting should not be too deep, and the root neck should be flush with the topsoil. After planting, pour enough water and move into the shade to keep the soil moist. During the growing period, some fertilizer should be applied properly, and the feces and urine of mature people should be applied for 3 times from April to May, and the ratio of fertilizer to water was 3:7. Weeding should be paid attention to in the first year after ramet, and then decrease with the increase of plant coverage. In case of drought in summer, attention should be paid to watering. The root system of Hemerocallis has a tendency to move upward to the surface year by year. At the turn of autumn and winter, attention should be paid to cultivating soil to the rhizosphere, with a thickness of about 10 cm, and combined with soil cultivation for intermediate tillage and weeding. The ramet should be renewed every 3-5 years to maintain exuberant growth. If the ramet is in spring, it can blossom in summer, and it is better in mid-late September in autumn. two。 Sowing, breeding, sowing and breeding should be sowed immediately after seed collection and germinate in the following spring; if sown in spring, the seeds should be treated with sand storage last autumn, so that the sowing and germination is fast and neat. Sow farmed plants. It usually takes two years to blossom. Cultivation and management is strong and cold-tolerant, strong adaptability to the environment, but also tolerant to semi-shade. Overwintering in open fields all over the country. Like sunshine, the requirement of soil quality is not too strict, but it grows better under the condition of good drainage and rich and deep soil layer. Cultivation and management is simple. The planting land should be ploughed deeply and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, and it is appropriate to use rotten circle fertilizer. During the growth period, fertilizer and water should be applied once or twice a month. When there is harm to aphids, drug control should be sprayed in time. Hemerocallis planted in the ground is hardy and can survive the winter in the open field; watering and topdressing should be carried out timely during the growing period, drainage should be paid attention to in the rainy season, and rotten compost should be applied every autumn. Potted day lilies with larger pots should be selected to facilitate the development of roots and the proliferation of new seedlings. It should be moved indoors after winter, and the room temperature should be kept at 2-4 degrees. At the same time, watering and fertilization should be controlled to avoid yellowing leaves or causing rotting roots.