How to make kumquat bonsai? how much is the general price?

Kumquat bonsai is evergreen all the year round, with white flowers, many hanging fruits, beautiful fruit shape, long fruit viewing period and high nutritional value. Potted kumquats are placed in halls, bedrooms and balconies, which not only add festive atmosphere, but also have high ornamental value, so they are deeply loved by northerners.

How to make kumquat bonsai

Production of kumquat bonsai:

1. Cultivation of seedlings.

The cultivation of kumquat can be obtained by sowing, cutting, grafting and so on. Grafting is usually carried out in May-June and can bear fruit one to two years after grafting. Sowing is best in March-April of each year, when sowing, cover 1-2 cm of soil and cover with film. After the seedlings are unearthed, they gradually lift the film, remove the film after exercise, stop fertilizing in autumn, prevent the seedlings from growing and affect the overwintering. In the process of seedling growth, attention should be paid to coring in order to promote thicker growth.

2. Upper pot colonization

Select the seedlings with well-developed roots and strong growth, plant in the pot before germination in spring, select a flowerpot with a diameter of 20-25 cm, and put a broken tile on the water seepage hole. The cultivation soil trees are made of rotten leaf soil and compost or horse dung soil. 3 cm along the mouth is required to be left after potting, in order to facilitate watering. 7-10 days after planting, the seedlings can send new roots. At this time, clear dung water can be fertilized, and the basin can be poured once in 2-3 years. 40-50 grams of cake fertilizer or pulp residue is added as base fertilizer when changing the basin, and the time is in autumn, after turning green a little bit.

Conservation of kumquat bonsai:

1. Fertilizer and water management

Water is watered every 2-3 days in spring and autumn and once a day on a sunny day in summer to maintain a water content of about 70%. It depends on the overwintering environment in winter and is generally watered every 7 days.

Fertilizer should be increased after a little germination in spring, a small amount of urea can be added at flowering and fruit stage, and the concentration of liquid fertilizer increases with the increase of growth.

2. Shaping and pruning

The tree shape of kumquat is naturally semicircular or cylindrical or tower-shaped. The pruning principle before the result is that the first shoot of the single bud cutting seedling leaves a heavy cutting rod of 10 cm after the first shoot is ripe, and then cut short to promote the new shoot after the Lignification of the main branch of Baosheng, at the same time, strengthen fertilizer and water, strive for multiple shoots in the same year, and expand the crown.

How much is the general price of kumquat bonsai?

It depends on how big the kumquat pot is, and the price varies in different regions, about 100-200 yuan in a larger city and about 80 yuan in a small place.

The above prices are from the Internet, the specific price is based on the actual purchase.

Introduction to the cultivation of 24 common potted plants

1. Wine bottle orchid

Bottle orchid is tequila family, bottle orchid belongs to evergreen small tree.

Origin and habits: wine bottle Lanyuan Mexico. Adequate sunshine, prefer fertilizer, like sandy loam, dry resistance, strong cold resistance. The winter can be overwintered in open fields along the south of Hainan and South China, and different degrees of thermal insulation measures have been adopted in other areas.

Morphological characteristics: the wild wine bottle orchid is as high as 2 to 3 meters; the potted plant can be up to 1 meter high, the stem shape is peculiar, and the base of the stem is particularly inflated, shaped like a wine bottle. Most of the bark with a thick cork layer and cracked into small squares. The leaves are slender, linear, thinly leathery and drooping; the leaf margin is serrulate; it can be up to 1.5 to 2 meters long.

Culture and cultivation: sowing is often used in wine bottle orchid culture. From April to November, Lansheng in the wine bottle has long been taboo to move the flowerpot and orientation to ensure the possession of a fixed territory. At this time, sufficient water and nutrients can be given to make the stem expand. According to the dry and wet of the basin soil and the color of the leaves, timely and appropriate watering and fertilization can neither accumulate water nor lose water, and the water content should be strictly controlled from January to March, only once a month with the same permeable water as the room temperature. When fertilizing, do not apply raw fertilizer or thick fertilizer. In addition, you can spray dimethoate or enemy once a month and spray chlorothalonil twice a year, which can greatly improve the ability of wine bottle orchid to keep out the cold.

Ornamental value: wine bottle orchid stem tall and straight plump, line leaves bright and smooth, strange shape, for rare ornamental flowers.

two. The Hulk

The Hulk is commonly known as the white palm of the Hulk, belonging to Araceae and Amorphophallus.

Origin and habits: the Hulk is a perennial shady herb. Mainly distributed in Colombia, it is one of the most popular indoor foliage plants in Europe and America. Hulu likes shady, cool, humid environment and fertile soil, avoids drought, high temperature and direct sunlight, and can grow all year round in tropical and subtropical regions.

Morphological features: Hulk plant height up to 95 cm, leaves wide oval, entire, leathery; mesophyll thicker; leaf color dark green; slightly white powder, petiole up to 43 cm long. The flower-shaped Buddha flame bract inflorescence, showing a long spoon shape, the flower color changes from white to green in 25 days, the length of the inflorescence can reach 1 meter, and the length of spike flower is about 15 cm. The florescence is in late spring and early summer.

Culture technology: the hulk can be cultured by ramet and tissue culture. It is not cute to tiller buds if they do not grow to the degree of maturity before the growing point is broken. If the growing point is artificially destroyed, each plant can tiller 3-5 buds, although the seedling is strong, but the shape is not as beautiful as tissue culture, family self-propagation can adopt this method.

Management techniques: when cultivating the hulk, the hulk should be watered thoroughly during the test-tube plantlets to maintain more than 80% air humidity. After growing up, the seedlings are watered every 1-2 days, and the foliar spray is increased in summer, which has many functions such as washing dust, cooling, preventing sunburn, increasing air humidity and so on. In order to make the plant grow dignified and symmetrical, the placement angle should be adjusted every six months. The key to the growth of the hulk is the adequacy of base fertilizer. In addition, depending on the growth status, water fertilizer or inorganic nitrogen fertilizer is applied monthly or irregularly to promote leaf growth, deepen leaf color and maintain the best ornamental condition.

The hulk has strong resistance to diseases and insect pests. Aphids and green bugs can occasionally be seen harming heart leaves when ventilation is poor. It can be prevented by strengthening ventilation, and the pot planting is based on the connection of leaves. Once the insect is found, it can be wiped out manually or killed with pesticides.

Ornamental value: the hulk plant is majestic and masculine, and the gradual change of design and color can bring infinite reverie. It is an ideal potted flower for decorating hotels and other large rooms, and it is also very elegant in larger family rooms.

Third, loose tail sunflower

Sunflower belongs to the evergreen shrub of Palmaceae.

Origin and habits: originating from Madagascar, there are many pots in all parts of our country. Loose-tailed sunflower prefers a warm and humid environment, and light is more resistant to shade. The height grows slowly, the crown width develops fast, and the natural pruning is good. Require slightly acidic sandy loam with good air permeability, avoid alkaline soil.

Morphological characteristics: plant height is 3 to 4 meters. Stems branched from the ground, ringed; leaves extended arched, up to 2 meters long, petiole smooth, yellow, pinnae lanceolate, 60 cm long, apex soft, abaxial main veins 3, raised; flowers small, string, golden yellow, florescence from March to April.

Culture technology: loose-tailed sunflower sowing and ramet can be cultured. In general, potted plants are cultivated by ramets. Ramet culture can be done all the year round, but autumn is the best. From the strong growth of the mother plant to the well-developed branches, cut off from the root and the mother plant, moved into a new basin and re-planted. The newly planted plants should not be exposed to strong light for a long time because the root system is not yet well developed. Water properly and spray water to the leaves several times a day to keep the leaves moist. The temperature is kept at about 20-25 ℃ and can grow normally in about 20 days.

Management techniques: indoor potted sunflower should choose acidic soil, and sandy loam with high humus content should be selected in the north. Watering should follow the principle of "dry and wet" according to the season, more watering should be appropriate in the dry and hot season, and watering should be controlled in low temperature, overcast and rain. In the northern region, especially where there is more salt and alkali in the water, attention should be paid to the frequent use of black alum to regulate soil acidity. Liquid fertilizer can be applied all the year round, nitrogen-containing organic fertilizer can be applied properly in summer, and organic flower fertilizer such as sesame sauce residue can be applied in winter. Rotate the flowerpot regularly, often trim the lower and inner withered leaves, and pay attention to trimming the crown shape. The indoor temperature must be kept above 10 ℃ in winter.

Ornamental value: the loose-tailed sunflower plant is tall, the leaves are green, and the potted plants in the north will be arranged in the hall and hall, which is particularly majestic.

4. Rubber tree

Rubber tree alias Indian banyan, belongs to Moraceae, fig evergreen shrubs or trees.

Origin and habits: originated in India and Malaysia, widely distributed in China, there are about 120 species. Rubber trees like warm and humid conditions and thrive in a 30 ℃ greenhouse in summer. The lowest temperature in winter is generally above 10 ℃. Like the environment with adequate light and good ventilation, which requires fertile soil.

Morphological characteristics: rubber tree is an evergreen tree, up to more than 30 meters high, the whole plant is smooth, there is milk in the cortex, and there are angry roots on the stem. Leaves oblong to oval, 10-30 cm long, dark green on leaf surface, yellowish green on back, entire, leathery, stipules red; flowers solitary, monoecious. The round-leaf rubber tree is an evergreen shrub, 50-80 cm high and much branched. Leaves broad-Obovate, broad round head, base narrow, 1.5 × 5 cm long, leathery, leaf surface dark green, vein axils with dark glands; cryptocephaly globose to pear-shaped, ca. 6-8 ℃ mm in diameter, solitary, yellow or reddish when mature.

Culture technology: rubber tree culture is mainly cuttage, cutting technology or bud cutting, very easy to take root, all the year round can be cut indoors. Cutting in summer, when the temperature is kept at 18-25 ℃, it can take root in 2-3 weeks. Seedlings can also be raised in outdoor fields in summer.

Management techniques: rubber tree culture soil is mixed with loam and rotten leaf soil and applied with rotten farm manure. Because of its rapid growth, sufficient water and fertilizer should be achieved during cultivation. In addition to basic fertilizer, rarefied fertilizer and water should be applied at least once a month, and sufficient light should be given in summer. Potted plants usually change pots once in 2 ~ 3 years according to their growth history. Secondly, because the rubber tree leaves are large and luxuriant, respiration and transpiration is strong, the leaves should be often sprayed with water, or scrubbed with beer, which can play a fattening role and make the leaves green and bright.

Ornamental value: rubber trees are common garden trees or potted foliage plants. The leaves are green and beautiful all the year round. In the south of our country, it is commonly used for garden greening and beautification; there are many indoor potted plants in Huafang area, which are used to decorate hotels, beautify study, living room and so on.

Fifth, Nanyang fir

Cunninghamia lanceolata, which belongs to the family Taxodiaceae and Cunninghamia lanceolata.

Origin and habits: Nanyang Cunninghamia lanceolata originates from Norfolk Island in Oceania and northeastern Australia. Gardening trees are cultivated in Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian and other places in China, and potted plants are common in the north of the Yangtze River basin. Cunninghamia lanceolata is shady, cold-resistant and drought-resistant. Like warm and humid climate, with strong resistance to diseases and insects, pollution. The suitable growth temperature is 10-25 ℃, and the lowest temperature in winter is above 5 ℃.

Morphological features: Cunninghamia lanceolata is an evergreen tree with a crown steeple. The branches are regular horizontal, the branchlets extend or droop, and fall off in rotation in winter; the leaves of young leaves or branchlets are soft and sickle-shaped, the leaves are about 1.5 cm long, and the leaves on big trees and old branches are ovate or triangular-shaped, about 0.6 hundred meters long. Potted plants are generally 1 to 2 meters high.

Culture technology: Cunninghamia lanceolata can be cultivated by sowing or cutting. Cunninghamia lanceolata planted in the north seldom bear seeds and are often cultivated by cuttings. Erect shoots or overgrown branches extracted from lateral buds were collected in spring as cuttings (if lateral branches or weak branches were used as cuttings, the crown shape of the cultured plants was incorrect and lost their ornamental value). The cuttings are 7 cm long and can take root by inserting a greenhouse sand bed with a temperature of 13: 16 ℃ and an air relative humidity of 60%. Or cut off the top of the young tree, wait for the top side buds to pull out erect shoots, and then cut off the branches and cuttings in spring.

Sowing and breeding: it is best to break the seed coat before sowing to promote germination. The straight root of the seeded seedling is long, the whisker root is less, and the seedling is easy to die when transplanting. Grasping the technical key points such as root protection, fine planting, heat preservation and shading can improve the survival rate of the seedling. The seedlings with broken roots can be washed with clean water and inserted in plain sand, and the roots can be re-rooted from the cross section in 1-2 weeks at the appropriate temperature. Seedlings with broken buds, broken stems and leaves can be planted as usual, and new buds will sprout after a certain period of time after survival.

Management technology: Nanyang fir Xiguang, need full light, but avoid strong light. Leave it in the shade or semi-shade outside in summer. Kept in a cold, dark place for a long time, the plant grows thin and tall. In September, you should move into a cold room with no frost and good light. The temperature should change gradually, and the ideal temperature after October is 5: 10 ℃. Water the plants regularly during the growing season and keep the soil moist in winter. The basin soil is too dry in summer, the amount of water in winter is too large, and the relative temperature of the air is below 60%, which will make the lower leaves droop. The needles will fall off or turn yellow if the light is too dark or the temperature is too high in winter. Calcium-free fertilizer was applied every two weeks during the growing season. Usually change the pot every 2-3 years in spring to prevent the plant from growing too tall. The basin soil should be mixed with three parts of loam, one part of rotten leaf soil, one part of coarse sand and a small amount of plant ash. The depth of the soil layer is controlled by the budding point of the upper layer, which is just exposed on the soil surface.

Ornamental value: Nanyang Cunninghamia lanceolata trees are beautiful and grow rapidly for planting in the courtyard or alone, while young trees are precious foliage plants. In addition, Nanyang Cunninghamia lanceolata has excellent wood quality and is an important timber species in Australia and South Africa.

6. Boston fern

Boston fern is a terrestrial fern foliage plant of Nephropteridaceae and Pteridaceae.

Origin and habits: Boston ferns are found in the tropics or subtropics. Like Yin dampness, the temperature requirements are not strict, cold resistance is strong, avoid direct sunlight. Cultivated soil is required to be loose and well ventilated.

Morphological characteristics: Boston fern is a mutant of the genus Dryopteris. A pinnate compound leaf, its pinna is wider and drooping than the original species, the pinna is 90cm long, lanceolate, yellowish green. Leaflets flat, margin undulate, tip twisted.

Breeding techniques: Boston ferns do not produce sporophytes and can only be cultured with ramets or stalks. Ramet anniversaries can be carried out, especially in spring and autumn. After ramets are watered and placed in the shade, the growth can be restored quickly.

Management technology: the outdoor cultivation of Boston fern can be mixed with about half (volume ratio) of expanded plastic artificial soil in ordinary culture soil and mix well. Indoor potted plants can completely use light, clean and hygienic pure expanded plastic artificial soil. The Boston fern should be cultivated in a shade with a shade curtain on it. It is better to cover another layer of colorless film, which is not only rainproof, but also protected from direct sunlight. During the growing period, water should be watered once a day, and drip irrigation should be applied to prevent the leaves from becoming withered and rotten. Hot summer can also spray water around potted flowers to increase humidity. In winter, moisture should be properly controlled and kept moist. Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied during the growing period. For outdoor cultivation, thin organic fertilizer and water can be applied twice a month to avoid polluting leaves; indoor cultivation, Zuoji can supplement nitrogen-based nutrient solution every 2 months. In order to ensure the beautiful shape of the plant and promote air circulation, the withered and yellow old leaves should be cut off combined with plastic surgery.

Ornamental value: Boston fern has bright green leaves and elegant plant shape. Potted plants are unique as indoor furnishings or wall-mounted and mosaic plant decoration materials.

7. Asparagus

Asparagus also known as Yunpian bamboo, mountain grass, Liliaceae, Tianmen winter genus.

Origin and habits: asparagus originated from South Africa. Sexual preference is warm, moist and semi-overcast, not resistant to drought and frost. The soil is required to be rich in humus and well drained.

Morphological characteristics: asparagus is a perennial herb, the stem is smooth and slender, showing a climbing shape. Leaves slender, horizontally spreading, leaves small, ca. 3 × 5 mm. True leaves degenerate into scales or thorns. Flowers small, bisexual, white. Berries globose, purplish black. The florescence is mostly from February to March or June to July, and some flowers bloom twice.

Culture technology: asparagus is widely used in sowing and split-plant culture. The sowing was carried out from March to April and the seeds were soaked for 24 hours before sowing. Sow in a 10 cm deep basin, cover with glass or plastic film, keep the temperature at 20: 25 ℃ and the basin soil moist, and germinate in 20: 30 days. The seedling height is 5cm to 10cm, which can be planted in greenhouse or upper basin. The 4-year-old 5-year-old plant can be cultured in spring.

Management technology: asparagus is a negative plant, should not be placed in a place with too strong light, otherwise it is easy to cause withered and yellow branches and leaves. Watering should be appropriate, keep the basin soil wet and dry, generally watering to make the topsoil moist, dry season should be more to spray water to the leaf. Asparagus likes fertilizer, which is mixed with water and fully mature dilute liquid fertilizer or milk residue dominated by nitrogen and potassium every 10-15 days. Asparagus grows fast and should be thinned too weak, too dense and old branches and withered stems at any time, which is conducive to ventilation and maintain a low posture. Asparagus can also be planted with bamboo tube, its water permeability, water storage are good, there is no need to drill holes at the bottom of the basin.

Ornamental value: asparagus is mainly potted foliage, fresh and elegant, and the layout of the study shows more scrolls. The roots, stems and leaves of asparagus can be used as medicine and can be picked all year round. Asparagus branches and leaves are slender, tall and straight beautiful, dense green, chic posture, is a good foil material for cut flowers, bouquets and baskets.

8. Fake betel nut

False betel nut is a tall evergreen tree of Palmaceae.

Origin and habits: false betel nut is native to Oceania and can be cultivated in open field in Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan and other places in China. Fake betel nuts like high temperature, high humidity, shelter from the wind and sunny environment. There are many potted plants in the north, and the pot soil is better with slightly acidic sandy loam with good drainage.

Morphological features: false betel nut can reach more than 18 meters high, the stem is ringed, solitary, straight; the leaf is pinnately compound, 1-2 meters long, the leaflets are slender, clustered at the top, the petiole base circles around the stem, and a circle of node marks are formed after shedding; general summer flowering, spike-shaped panicle drooping, milky yellow; spherical fruit, red.

Culture technology: false betel nut is mainly sown and cultured, wash the pulp after seed harvest, soak the seeds in warm water for two days, and then sow seeds with germination. it grows slowly in the young and grows rapidly after adulthood.

Management technology: base fertilizer is added when false betel nut is planted, and dilute liquid fertilizer can be applied every month in the vigorous growing season. The room temperature should be no less than 10 ℃ in winter. Control watering during the dormant period, keep the basin soil moist, and change the basin once every two years.

Ornamental value: the false betel nut plant is tall and majestic, decorated indoors, with extraordinary bearing. Its green leaves flutter with the wind, making people seem to be in the tropical scenery.

9. Jinzhu

It is the most attractive species of cactus in the cactus family and amber genus. There are also several main varieties in planting palms, such as white thorns, wild thorns, short thorns, golden amber brocade, golden amber crown and so on.

Origin and habits: Golden vetch originated in the desert of Mexico, and now it has been introduced and cultivated in the south and north of China. Golden amber prefers sunny, fertile and permeable sandy loam. The hot period of high temperature in summer should be properly shaded to prevent the sphere from being burned by strong light.

Morphological features: Golden amber stem globular, ball dark green, dense yellow hard thorns, ball top densely golden woolly; flowers yellow, terminal in woolly clumps, Lu size, very beautiful and spectacular; fruit scale and woolly, seeds black and smooth.

Culture technology: Golden mackerel is cultivated by sowing and grafting. 1. Sowing method: the emergence rate of seeds harvested in the same year is high. Sowing takes place from May to September, and the seedling sphere has the size of rice or mung bean 30-40 days after germination, which can be transplanted or grafted on the rootstock to promote growth. 2. The method of seed ball grafting: the seedlings cultivated for more than 3 months are grafted on a tender ruler to promote growth. When the scion grows to a certain size or the rootstock cannot support it, it can be cut off, dry the wound and then cut into the pot. In the good environment of fertile soil and air circulation, the seedlings without grafting grow very fast. After potting, the seedlings or grafted balls should be placed in a semi-shaded place, avoid direct sunlight, and the sphere will not shrink after 7 days and 10 days, that is, it will survive.

Management technology: Jinxing likes calcareous sandy loam, which can be mixed with the same amount of coarse sand, loam, rotten leaf soil and a small amount of old wall ash. The basin should be turned over to change the soil and the old roots should be cut off once a year. In the middle of March, take the ball out of the basin and cut off the old root so as not to hurt the main root. After cutting, leave the bad in a ventilated place for 4-5 days to dry the cut; the newly cultivated soil used in turning the basin should use fermented livestock and poultry manure as base fertilizer and mix well with coal ash, plant ash and a small amount of animal bone powder; the basin should be detoxified by means of sunlight, cooking and spraying to prevent rotten balls.

Golden amber likes to have plenty of sunshine, but it should be half-shaded in summer. When the temperature is above 35 ℃, it should be shaded around noon to avoid strong sunlight to burn the sphere. Before 10:00 or after 5pm, it can be exposed to the sun to promote more buds, and to avoid excessive shading, the sphere becomes longer and reduces ornamental value. The overwintering temperature was kept at 8: 10 ℃ and the basin soil was kept dry. When the temperature is too low, the sphere will produce macula. Rain-proof in summer.

Summer is the peak growing season, and the water demand is increased. If you want to water frequently in case of drought, it is best in the early morning and evening. Do not overpour cool water at hot noon. It is easy to cause "cold" and lead to pots. If the soil is too dry at noon, you can spray less water to make the basin surface moist. Do not spray water to the top of the ball and the grafting position, so as to avoid water accumulation and decay. During the growing period, the rarefied fertilizer solution containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was applied twice in half a month and watered cleanly. Organic fertilizer should be fully mature and properly concentrated.

Golden amber has strong nature and strong disease resistance, but it is vulnerable to diseases and pests such as red spider, shell insect and whitefly in summer because of humidity, heat, poor ventilation and other factors. The prevention and control of red spiders, shell insects, whitefly and other diseases and pests should be strengthened. The red spider was sprayed with 40% dimethoate or 90% trichlorfon 1000-1500 times. When shell insects and whiteflies are found, they can be wiped out manually.

Ornamental value: Golden mackerel has a long life, easy cultivation, strong adult golden amber flowers, resplendent, and high ornamental value. Moreover, it is a kind of ideal ornamental plant for urban family greening because of its small size and less space.

10. Make a fortune

Fortune tree scientific name melon chestnut, alias fortune tree, Malaba chestnut, Sino-American kapok, for the kapok family, melon chestnut genus (Sino-American kapok) foliage plants.

Origin and habits: the rich tree is native to tropical America. It was introduced from Mexico in 1964 and cultivated in the specimen garden of Guangdong Academy of Forestry Sciences. Sex likes to be warm and moist, which requires good soil drainage and moderate temperature for growth. The rich tree is not strict with the light, and it can adapt well whether in the strong light or in the room with low light.

Morphological features: the rich tree is an evergreen tree with a height of about 10 meters. Palmately compound leaves alternate, petiole 10-28 cm long; leaflets 5-9, leaves long oval, entire, leaf tip pointed, about 10-22 cm long, pinnately veined, petiolules short. Flowers are solitary in leaf axils, with 2-3 bracteoles and yellowish flowers.

Culture technology: rich trees usually use seeds to sow and raise seedlings to raise new plants, and they can also be cultured by cutting. Because the seed seedlings have the characteristics of uniform emergence, straight roots, easy braiding and lovely "radish heads" that can grow round, it has become a common breeding method for horticultural producers, but at present, a large number of seeds mainly come from abroad, and Hainan can produce a small amount of its own.

The cutting culture of rich trees is easy and can be carried out all the year round in South China. Northern lovers might as well do it in May-August, when the temperature is higher every year. Cuttings can be pruned with potted top tips or branches, about 10-15 cm long, inserted in little or loam, the survival rate is high. Compared with sowing seedlings, cutting seedlings have the defects that the head stem is not inflated or only slightly expanded, and the seedling stalk is not beautiful. This method is not used in horticultural production and is limited to family interest culture.

Management techniques: the rich tree is required to be viscous, moderately fertile, with good drainage performance and pH 6.5 Zuoji soil. Generally, 6 parts of garden soil, 2 parts of mature organic fertilizer, 2 parts of coarse sand, or 8 parts of rotten leaf soil and 2 parts of cinder are prepared into culture soil. The basin or tank is at least 40 cm deep, which is beneficial to the growth and development of the root system. Direct sunlight should be avoided in summer, placed in places with scattered light, and placed in bright indoor places in winter. In winter, the room temperature should be kept at 15: 25 ℃. Do not keep the room temperature below 8 ℃, otherwise it is easy to suffer from cold injury. It is not easy for rich trees to water too much to prevent stagnant water in the basin soil, causing root rot and plant death. Water should be sprayed to the leaves every day to ensure that the leaves are green. Appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can make the stem stout, showing the beauty of vigorous and simple. The technical strip should be trimmed in spring to promote the emergence of new technology in the stem base, so that the new technology can be easily tied up and modeled.

Ornamental value: the wealth tree is elegant and colorful. In addition to braiding, it can also be grafted into deer, dogs, sea lions, dragons and other animals. Can be used for major hotels, restaurants, shopping malls and families and other places of indoor green decoration, extraordinary style, is a good garden ornamental trees.

Poinsettia

Poinsettia alias poinsettia, ivory red, old Laijiao, is Euphorbiaceae, Euphorbiaceae erect shrub.

Origin and habits: poinsettia is native to Mexico and tropical America. Sexual preference for warm, sunny, need strong permeability, good drainage of fertile and loose soil.

Morphological features: poinsettia 1-3 m high, stem with white milk; simple leaves alternate, leaf blade ovate-elliptic to broadly lanceolate, 10-15 cm long, entire or wavy teeth, green, pilose on back. Inflorescences terminal, lower leaves scarlet, 5 × 7 cm in diameter; involucral bracts light green, with 2 large yellow glands per bract.

Culture technology: poinsettia is cultivated by hardwood or softwood cuttings. 1. Hardwood cuttings are mostly carried out from March to May in spring, cutting off annual lignified or semi-lignified branches, about 10 cm long, as cuttings; cut the leaves on cuttings, dip them in plant ash, and insert them into fine sand after being dried, with a depth of about 5 cm, fully irrigated, and keep the temperature at 22-24 ℃ for about a month to take root. 2. Softwood cuttings are selected when the tender strips of the same year grow to 6-8 leaves, take a tender shoot 6-8 cm long, with 3-4 nodes, cut flat under the node, remove the large leaves at the base, and immediately put into clean water to prevent milk outflow, and cuttings, and keep the substrate wet, about 20 days can take root.

Management techniques: poinsettia can be cultivated in open field in the south of China and cultured in greenhouse in the north, but it needs to receive full light from May to September, so that the plant can grow fully, and the length of sunshine is an important factor affecting the flowering of poinsettia. The fertilizer demand of poinsettia is higher than that of gladiolus and carnation. Two weeks before flower bud differentiation, mature plants are usually supplemented with a teaspoon of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as 14:14:14 resin film slow-release fertilizer to supplement the deficiency of soluble fertilizer. the fertilizer concentration should be reduced by half in winter. Except that the leaves of poinsettia like water during the rooting period of cuttings, it is better to dry the leaves at other times. The heart was removed for 2 or 3 times in summer and autumn, the weak branches were thinned, and liquid fertilizer was applied once a month. If you want to blossom ahead of time, you can choose plants with 20 cm long branches to shorten the sunshine, 9 hours a day, and can be civilized after 40 days. The overwintering temperature is not lower than 5 ℃.

Ornamental value: poinsettia naturally blooms in mid-late December, just before Christmas and New Year's Day, adding a warm and joyful atmosphere to the festival, which is the main potted flower of the festival. In recent years, because of its long flowering period, red bract color, eye-catching, and easy to control the florescence, it has been widely used in cut flower production.

Hyacinth

The hyacinth, known as the "Western Narcissus", derives its name from the transliteration of the Greek Athentes. It was originally the name of a handsome and beautiful man loved by the Apollo goddess in Greek mythology. It is native to southern Europe and Asia minor. Nowadays, fragrant flowers are famous all over the world, which are most cultivated in the Netherlands and sell well all over the world.

In foreign countries, the flower saying of hyacinth is "as long as you light the fire of life, you can enjoy a rich life together." This remark just shows the appearance and connotation of hyacinth. It belongs to the perennial herb of Liliaceae, its seed head is a spherical bulb, the plant is about half a foot high, the leaves are like a dagger, and there are five or six pieces in total. Flowers extracted from the bulb, showing a raceme, surrounded by 20 or 30 small flowers, each with 6 petals, like a curling clock, blooming from bottom to top, and can give off bursts of fragrance. Different varieties have different degrees of fragrance, with pink flowers showing fragrance, lavender flowers with thicker fragrance, and pure white flowers with lighter fragrance, so people who have experience in watching hyacinths can quickly tell.

Due to the differences in national identity, cultural literacy and ornamental level, people's perception of daffodils is very different. Chinese people have deep feelings for the elegant, elegant and elegant charm of Zhangzhou daffodils. On the other hand, Westerners are flocking to the colorful, colorful, strange and interesting, free and unruly sentiment of hyacinth. Hyacinths are just right for their visual perception. Therefore, flower beds or flower borders in Europe and the United States often plant hyacinths one after another, and when they bloom, they look like dazzling colorful paintings. There are also many families who keep hyacinth in a special glass bottle like a gourd. Its flowers can be seen in the upper section, and a bunch of stout white roots can be seen in the lower section. Except for orchids, other flowers and plants are hard to see.

Today, there are more than 130 horticultural varieties of hyacinth in the world. Mainly divided into "Dutch species" and "Roman species" two categories. The former is an authentic variety, most of which have only 1 scape per plant, with sturdy posture and large flowers. The latter is mostly mutated hybrids, each plant can bear two or three scape, the body is weak, the flowers are thin, most consumers like to buy Dutch hyacinth. At present, China has not been able to breed by itself and needs to be introduced from abroad. In the selection and purchase of seed heads, we should pay attention to the selection of bright skin color, strong texture, no disease spots and insect population is better. Usually from the color of the seed coat, we can basically judge what color it blossoms. For example, if the outer coat is purplish red, it will open purplish red flowers. If it is white, it will have white flowers. However, some cross-bred varieties have more complex colors and are sometimes indistinguishable, so they need to ask the operators clearly before they can buy.

When the seed head is bought back, in order to make it break the dormancy period, it should be refrigerated in the bottom box of the refrigerator for about a month so that it can blossom smoothly in the future. But when you take it out of the refrigerator, it is best to put it in a cool place for seven or eight days before sowing. There are two ways to cultivate hyacinth: one is potted. That is, in October, the seed head was planted in a basin with culture soil, 1 ball in each small pot and 3-4 balls in a large pot, and then covered with soil. after planting, attention should be paid to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and Zuoji will blossom after 120 days. The second is aquaculture. You can put the seed head in a wide-mouthed glass bottle in December and add a little charcoal to help with disinfection and antisepsis. The seed head can only be dipped to the bottom of the ball. Then put it in a dark place and cover the bottle with a black cloth, so that after more than 20 days, the roots germinate in an all-black environment. At this time, you can take it out and let it be exposed to the sun. At first, it shines for one or two hours a day, and then gradually increases to seven or eight hours. If the weather does not change much, it may blossom during the Spring Festival.

After the hyacinth blossoms, if the seed head is well preserved, it will hopefully blossom again in the next year. However, because this kind of head classics has been degraded, even if it is possible to survive, the plant will become short and the scape will tend to shrink, so it can not be retained, and it is appropriate to buy a new seed head for cultivation the following year.

13. Western rhododendron

In the old days, when people wandered around the Lunar New year Flower Market, they only purchased some peach blossoms, chrysanthemums and silver willows as vases. In recent years, with the emergence of a large number of trendy flowers, many people are interested by the light and exquisite small potted flowers. In particular, the rhododendron, which is covered with red and beautiful flowers, is the most fascinating, always praying to have it during the Spring Festival.

Western rhododendron, abbreviated as rhododendron. It is a new variety obtained by Dutch and Belgian experts after long-term cross breeding. It is said that it contains the relatives of Chinese rhododendrons. Because of the most popular culture and promotion in Belgium, it is also known as "rhododendron", which is one of the most popular famous flowers in the world. It is characterized by short and strong plant type, compact crown, luxuriant flowers and leaves, mostly double and double petals, and its petals are round and wide, narrow, backward, wavy, wrinkled and so on. The pattern is a little red, rimmed, flying white, sprinkled with gold, clouds and so on. Generally speaking, 30 or 40 flowers with a crown diameter of 25 centimeters can bloom, two or three times more than the local rhododendrons. The flowers are dignified, delicate, elegant and charming, lasting 40 to 50 days from the first flower to the final flower. Its sweet smile can still be seen on Chinese Valentine's Day, the Lantern Festival.

Originally, "March rhododendron red". According to the flowers in China, most cuckoos bloom before the end of spring. Its elegant demeanor of "all kinds of red and purple fighting Fangfei" often makes the mountains red all over and the earth embroidered all over. But just when the cuckoo was singing the loudest, they sounded, "Why not go back, why not go back", so some poets "suspected to be blood in the mouth, dripping into flowers on the branches." As a result, the saying of "cuckoo weeping blood" spread widely, making many people regard it as a "flower of grief". This has long been solved by scientists. It turns out that cuckoos are mostly in full bloom from March to May, when cuckoos are generally in estrus and courtship, and the inner wall of its mouth is originally red, and what it sings with its mouth is the love song it is looking for a mate to pour out. This is the cuckoo's happiest time, but it would be a big mistake for some people to call it sorrow. In recent years, with the increasing popularity of science, many flower fans have further updated their ideas. on the contrary, they feel that the flowers of the rhododendron are like rich hydrangeas, with the auspicious meaning of "full pots." therefore, the rhododendron is very popular in the Lunar New year Flower Market. Before the Spring Festival in 1994, Guangdong Province imported 600000 pots from abroad, each priced at 40 or 50 yuan, all of which entered thousands of households and opened brilliantly. It can be said that "looking back at the colorless peaches and plums, the hibiscus is not a flower".

The variety of rhododendron is very rich, with more than 300 in Europe and America alone. It can be distinguished from the color and shape of flowers during flowering, and from observing the shape of leaves before and after flowering. In recent years, about 25,30 varieties have been introduced in Lingnan and 40,50 in Shanghai. Most of the varieties welcomed by the masses are safflower and pink flowers. Such as red flowers of the "aurora", "Hong Linlin" and "scarlet hibiscus". The white inlaid red edge, the corrugated "crown" next to the petal, and the "Heavenly Girl Dance" with red and white edges and wrinkled edges are more popular. But pure white varieties often have a price but no market because they are not suitable for the festive atmosphere. At present, most of the western cuckoos imported into the Pearl River Delta before the Spring Festival are cultivated by cuttings in foreign artificial climate rooms, which are generally standardized, serialized and intensive. After being transported to the mainland, light and temperature can be adjusted for a period of time. You can meet the market before the Spring Festival. If the domestic variety breeding and cultivation of rhododendron catch up with the advanced level in the future, it will save a sum of foreign exchange for the country.

Rhododendron is a perennial woody plant, its vitality is much stronger than herbaceous flowers, as long as its growth habits are carefully managed, it can continue to blossom in the following year. According to observation, it has "five joys and five fears" in its life. "Wuxi" means warm and cool climate, acidic soil, ventilation and light, moderate dryness and humidity, and thin fertilizer. "five fears" means fear of the scorching sun, cold, muggy, humid and fat. When all its flowers are shedding, the plant can be taken out, cut off part of the old roots, replaced into a larger tile basin, and added an appropriate amount of new plant material, drenched with enough water to avoid hot sun exposure. After one month, the compound fertilizer dissolved in clear water is diluted 100 times as topdressing, which can promote its germination of new branches. Move to a cool place in summer, guard against the cold in winter, and cultivate the rest according to the conventional method, so that the cuckoo can continue to watch.

XIV. Cyclamen

Cyclamen is also known as Yipinguan, rabbit flower, monk hat flower, radish begonia and so on. Primulaceae, cyclamen.

Origin and habits: cyclamen originated in southern Europe and near the Mediterranean, sexual preference for gentle, moist, cool, shady environment, but avoid too wet. It is required that the cultivated land is rich in humus and lime and has good drainage.

Morphological characteristics: cyclamen is a perennial bulbous herb. The bulb is fleshy, oblate, massive or globular, purplish black, with dense bearded roots at the bottom of the corm; the leaves are tufted from the top of the stem, and the petiole is purplish red. Leaves oval or heart-shaped, green, mostly white markings, purple back, leaf margin serrated or shallowly wavy notched; flowers solitary, pendulous, perianth rolled upward, like rabbit ears, pedicel drizzle long. Flowers are white, pink, lilac, deep purple, orange yellow, orange red and other colors, the base is often dark red, deep purple spots. Capsule globose, containing many seeds. Florescence lasts from autumn to spring.

Culture technology: cyclamen is mainly cultivated by sowing and breeding, and can also be divided into bulbs. Sowing and breeding can be done in spring and autumn. It is usually carried out from September to October. Soak the seeds in 24 ℃ warm water for 12 hours before sowing, sow or insert them at a distance of 1 cm to 2 cm, and cover the soil with about 5 mm. Put it in the dark place of 18-20 ℃, it can take root in 2 weeks, and 1 cotyledon can be produced in 4-6 weeks, that is, move to the light place. Division culture is generally carried out after the autumn dormancy period, the old bulb is cut into 2-4 slices with a sharp knife, so that each flap has a terminal bud, and the incision is coated with plant ash and then planted, and watered after 1 day to avoid wound decay.

Management technology: cyclamen grows at a suitable temperature of 15-25 ℃ and begins dormancy when it exceeds 30 ℃. The high temperature in summer should be kept in a cool shade and should not be caught in the rain. Cyclamen to avoid too wet, watering once every morning, slowly irrigated by the edge of the basin. Do not sprinkle water directly on the leaves and the heart of the plant. Reduce the amount of water after flowering, can be irrigated once every 2-3 days, 7 stop watering at the bottom, let the leaves wither and enter the dormant period, start watering in the next spring, and increase the amount of water after growing new leaves. During the cyclamen growing period, thin fertilizer and water were applied once a week or 10 days, liquid fertilizer was applied 1 or 2 times before flowering, and fertilizer was stopped during flowering to avoid bud drop. Cyclamen fruit ripens from 5 to 6 months after flowering, and the fruit is picked from green to yellow and stored in a cold place. It is generally stored at 2 ℃ and can still germinate for more than 4 years.

Ornamental value: cyclamen has a long flowering period and bright colors, especially winter flowering adds infinite spring to the bedroom.

Fifteen. Camellia

Camellia is also known as Camellia, Nudong, Camellia, Theaceae, Camellia.

Origin and habits: Camellia is native to the south and southwest of China and is widely cultivated in Sichuan, Yunnan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hunan, Anhui and other provinces. Camellia is warm, moist and semi-shady. It is not suitable to be too cold, hot or windy. Avoid sun exposure, require loose, good drainage, humus-rich acid soil, pH 5.5-6.5 is the best.

Morphological features: camellias are evergreen shrubs or small trees, leaves leathery, ovate, elliptic to Obovate, apex obtuse-acuminate, base cuneate, serrulate, surface dark green, glossy, leaves arched upward, leaf margin, leaf tip often downward inversely curved; flowers solitary or opposite in leaf axils or top of branches, red, sessile, petals 5-7, round; capsule, globose or angled.

Culture technology: Camellia can be cultivated by sowing, cutting, grafting, striping and other methods. Sowing is generally used to cultivate new varieties or breeding rootstocks. The seeds are collected and sown in the seedbed after maturity in autumn and winter. At 18-20 ℃, they can germinate in 10-30 days, and it takes 4-5 years to blossom. The cuttings were carried out from April to June, and the annual hard branches were selected, which were about 10-15 cm long, with 1 terminal bud and 1 lateral bud at the upper end, 2-3 leaves, ring peeling, and the lower leaves had to be cut off. The cutting substrate can be sandy loam or humus. The cuttage pot is placed under the shade canopy at a temperature of 18: 20 ℃ and a relative humidity of 80% to 85%. It takes about 60 to 100 days to take root, and new branches can be produced in the next spring. Can also be used in the current year of tender wood cutting, about 30 days can take root. Camellia horticultural varieties are often used for breeding. Camellia, Camellia oleifera and Camellia oleifera seedlings can be used as rootstocks, and the cuttings of Camellia variants are often used as rootstocks nearby. The scion is 2-3 years old, with branches about 30 cm long and 40 cm long, and the base of the scion and the root neck of the rootstock are cut off 4 cm in length and 5 cm in length, and then the two are joined. It is suitable for grafting from May to June, and after about 100 to 120 days, the rootstock and scion can be completely healed and can be cut off from the female parent. The high branch pressing was carried out from May to October, and the strong annual branches were selected for annular peeling with a width of 1 cm. The wound was bound with rotten leaves and soil with plastic bags, kept moist, rooting in 2 months, and cut off the basin.

Management techniques: Camellia is sensitive to light, avoid moving potted flowers to the light position; camellias like fertilizer, which should be fertilized after blooming in April to promote spring shoot germination. Topdressing should be applied in June to promote summer shoot germination and bud formation. From October to November, fertilizer should be supplemented to improve the cold resistance of plants, mainly potassium dihydrogen phosphate and rotten bean cake water, etc. Camellia should have sufficient water, moist air and regular water spray on its leaves during the growing period. Alkaline water can be used for watering, or "alum fertilizer water" and clear water can be used for watering; camellia should be placed under the shade in summer, such as shade and ventilation indoors, and the potted soil should be changed after flowering or from September to October, and the potted soil should be loose, the proportion is the same amount of loam mixed with rotten leaf soil or peat soil, and add a small amount of river sand.

Ornamental value: Camellia is a precious flower specializing in our country. Beautiful plant shape, beautiful flowers, flowering in early spring, quite cherished by the horticultural community.

Sixteen. Kumquat

Orange alias golden bullet, kumquat, belongs to Rutaceae, kumquat genus.

Origin and habits: kumquat is native to the warm areas of southern China. Sex like moist cool, more cold-resistant, but also drought-resistant, slightly shady. Requires a deep, fertile slightly acidic soil.

Morphological features: kumquat is an evergreen shrub or small tree. The height of the plant can reach 3 meters. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, two acuminate, 4-9 cm long, tip inconspicuously serrate; petiole narrowly winged; peanut leaf axil, white, petals 5. The fruit is small, Obovate, about 3 cm long, yellow when ripe, juicy and delicious to eat with skin.

Breeding technology: the offspring of kumquat sowing seedlings are more variable, the varieties are easy to degenerate, and the results are late, so generally do not use sowing and breeding. It is commonly used in grafting culture. Rootstock gold with Chinese tangerine, lime, can improve cold resistance, generally use bud grafting and branch grafting. The budding was carried out from June to September, and the potted plants were often grafted and transplanted before budding in the second year.

Management technology: potted kumquat requires proper management of water and fertilizer. Before the spring buds germinate, cut off some of last year's branches, leaving 2-3 buds for the strong ones, and 3 pruned 1-year-old branches for each plant, which is beneficial to spring shoot germination. When the new buds grow to 15-20 cm, the branches will be plump. When the branches grow at the same time, apply a quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, such as superphosphate, prevent branches and leaves from growing, promote flower bud differentiation and blossom and bear fruit. At the end of May, the spring shoots blossom and bear fruit in the same year, and the flowers should be thinned properly during the flowering period. after setting the fruit, it is appropriate to thinning the fruit once according to the tree potential, 2-3 per branch. Cut off the autumn shoot in time to prevent the second fruit.

Ornamental value: potted kumquat is evergreen in four seasons, luxuriant branches and leaves and beautiful tree shape. It blossoms in summer, the color is jade white, and the aroma is overflowing. Autumn and winter fruit ripe or yellow or red, embellished in the green leaves, can be described as Biye Jinwan, help sparse Changrong, high ornamental value.

Seventeen. Iron Tree

Cycads alias Tieshu, Phoenix-tailed bananas, plantains, fire-avoiding plantains, belong to cycads, cycads belong to evergreen trees.

Origin and habits: originated in south-central China, India, Japan and Indonesia, originated in East and Southeast Asia. Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan and other places are widely cultivated. North China, Northwest and other places as potted plants for indoor viewing. Cycads like sunshine, dry and ventilated environment, not cold-resistant, good fertilizer, like sandy soil, slow growth.

Morphological features: cycads can be as high as 8 meters in the country of origin, indoor potted plants up to 3 meters high, the stem is thick cylindrical, no branches, there are thick leaf marks, the formation of fish scales. The leaf cluster is born at the top of the stem and is a large pinnate compound leaf, about 1 meter long. Leaflets linear, leathery, tip hard, dark green glossy, leaf margin revolute. Every spring, the old leaves fall off one after another; the flowers are unisexual, born at the top of the stem, dioecious, and the male flowers are spirally arranged in the shape of a pineapple, covered with pilose hairs, fresh yellowish at the beginning and brown after maturity. The female flower is larger, with many palmate scales, flattened in shape and gradually divided into a pine tower. Cycads rarely bloom, 20-or 30-year-old trees can blossom, so it is called "Millennium Iron Tree flowering", flowering from June to August.

Culture technology: cycads are mainly cultured with tillers, and can also be sown or cut.

Sowing and breeding: harvest cycad seeds or full seeds for no more than two years in October, soak them in warm water of about 50 ℃ for 24 hours, then soak them with dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid for 10 minutes, then rinse them with clean water, change water every other day when soaking, wait for the seed coat to be completely swollen and soft, peel off the outer seed coat manually, wash off the pulp, dry the seeds, and then store them. Seed sand storage treatment was carried out around December. Because of its thick and hard seed skin, it can be treated by variable temperature method and finally stored in sand. Use clean sandy loam, river sand, perlite and other materials with good water conservation and permeability to make the seeding bed with a thickness of not less than 40 cm. Sow the prepared seeds into the bed at a distance of 5 to 20 ℃ cm, with a depth of about 3 cm. Then cover the river sand with a thickness of 3 cm, depending on the dryness of the soil and fine sand on the bed, control the amount of water, and then cover the plastic film for moisturizing and heat preservation, open the film once a week on a sunny morning, the soil should be watered to keep moist, and cover the film at sunset in the afternoon. Generally, it takes 4 to 6 months for cycads to store sand. During this period, the temperature and humidity of the sand should be maintained and the appropriate temperature is required to be 18: 25 ℃. The relative humidity is 800.90%. To keep warm in winter, it should not be lower than 12 ℃. In the second year, from May to June, the seeds germinated and broke their shells, and from July to August, they germinated and grew a true leaf.

Ramet culture: ramet culture should separate sucking buds from the stem of the mother plant in summer, insert them into the open field or basin, and bury half of the soil. The survival rate of ramet culture can reach 80% 90%, and the growth of sucking buds is slow. It is best to separate the sucking buds after 3 years, and it is easy to live if the sucking bud wound is small. Cadres can also be cut into sections of 15 to 20 centimeters long and buried in sandy soil so that they can regenerate new buds around the cadres and then be planted and cultivated.

Management technology: cycads are suitable for growing in direct sunlight or bright scattered light, it is best to be semi-shaded in summer, the temperature is maintained at 15: 20 ℃, the soil and air humidity is larger, and the leaves should be sprayed frequently. The plant has no dormant period, the suitable winter temperature is 12-16 ℃, and the plant has a considerable degree of cold resistance. During the period of 3-9 ℃, liquid fertilizer should be applied once a month, and the suitable cultivation medium should be the mixture of organic soil, mud carbon and fine sand. The basin soil is changed every 2-3 years, and new soil and base fertilizer are added to help growth. The application of liquid fertilizer several times in summer and the addition of ferrous sulfate solution can make the leaf color greener. After autumn, the diseases and insect pests of cycads with reduced watering water are the most common, and the leaves damaged by scale insects should be kept well ventilated at first. After the discovery of shell insects, observe the spray stone sulfur mixture or fluoroacetylammonium during the incubation period.

Ornamental value: cycad leaves are spectacular, often used as excellent foliage plants for garden flower beds, flower pile center decoration, or as a large indoor hall, entrance layout. Leaves can also be used as cut flowers to configure flower baskets and wreaths. And leaves, flowers and fruits can be used as medicine.

18. Evergreen flowers and leaves

Aristolochia mandshurica is the most common species in the genus Araceae and Artemisia.

Origin and habits: originating from Brazil. The lowest temperature of overwintering in northern greenhouse should not be lower than 14 ℃. When the temperature drops to 7 ℃, the leaves fall off and die (others are the same as those in June).

Morphological characteristics: evergreen evergreen perennial herbaceous plants. The stem is stout, erect; the leaf moment is round to rectangular-circular-lanceolate, the tip is smooth, green, often accumulate at the top of the stem, 15 cm long and 15 cm wide, with irregular white or yellowish patches and bright tones. ??

Flower and leaf evergreen culture, management technology, ornamental value is the same as that of June evergreen. It is worth mentioning that the sap in the leaves and stems of flowers and leaves is poisonous, and the entrance can cause severe swelling and pain.

XIX. Xilin taro

Green Emperor Wang Xilin Taro is also known as Green Emperor, Emperor, Araceae, Taro genus, evergreen woody climbing plant.

Origin and habits: originating from Central and South America. Sex likes high humidity and high temperature, so it is suitable to be planted in acidic soil.

Morphological characteristics: the stem internodes of the Green Emperor are short, the spacing is about 1 ℃ cm, the internodes are often adventitious roots, the stem diameter can reach 2 × 4 ℃ cm, it is light brown and the erect is poor. The leaves are large, rosette-shaped and glossy, gradually changing from yellowish green to dark green. Inflorescences bract, axillary.

Culture technology: green emperor culture mainly uses tissue culture, cutting and plant division method. When cutting, the cuttings should be cut under the node, the cutting temperature should be 25: 30 ℃, and the humidity should be maintained so that it is easy to survive. Ramet can be combined with basin change, and the method is simple and convenient.

Management techniques: the cultivation of the Green Emperor chooses slightly acidic peat soil or soil with high humus to add a small amount of sand or perlite. Using mature farm manure as base fertilizer, topdressing can be carried out according to the situation in the growth. Watering should be done until thoroughly watered, and be flexibly controlled according to the season and temperature, and keep the basin soil moist in principle. The suitable growth temperature of the Green Emperor is 20: 30 ℃, the air humidity is not less than 70%, and the autumn temperature should be kept above 14 ℃. Change the basin every spring, and remove the talent branches and old leaves to keep the dry shape beautiful.

Ornamental value: the Green Emperor is graceful in appearance, evergreen and elegant, and is deeply loved by people. it is an excellent medicinal foliage plant for decorating hotels, conference rooms, living rooms and so on.

20. Green pineapple

Green pineapple is Araceae, Taro genus, climbing vines and foliage flowers.

Origin and habits: green pineapple is native to Central and South America. Sex likes warm and humid environment, which requires loose, fertile soil and good drainage.

Morphological features: the green radish vine is several meters long and there are air roots at the internodes. With the increase of growth age, the stem becomes thicker and the leaves become larger and larger. Leaves alternate, green, a few leaves will also be slightly yellow mottled, entire, heart-shaped.

Culture technology: green pineapple is generally cultured by cutting. The stem segment with aerial root was directly inserted into plain sand or vermiculite at the depth of 1 × 3 of the cuttings, drenched with enough water, placed in a shaded place, sprayed with water or covered with plastic film to moisturize the leaves every day, and the ambient temperature was not less than 20 ℃.

Management technology: the family pot of green pineapple is relatively simple. First of all, there are at least 4 or more colonized seedlings in one pot. The basin soil should be loose, fertile and rich in organic matter, which is favorable for forming. Secondly, the green turnip should grow in the environment with high temperature (room temperature should not be lower than 10 ℃ in winter, otherwise yellow leaves and fallen leaves are easy to occur) and strong scattered light. If it is too dark for a long time, the internodes will be slender and weak, and the leaves will become thinner, lighter and lose luster.

The root system of green pineapple prefers moderate humid environment. Leaves require relative humidity of more than 60%, so in moderate watering, keep the basin soil dry at the same time, often spray water to the leaf surface and leaf back. Spray water to the leaves in the morning, middle and evening every day in summer and autumn to increase humidity. If the dilute liquid fertilizer is applied once every 10 to 1 days, the plant is more branched and should be pruned properly.

Ornamental value: green pineapple is one of the excellent interior decoration plants. The stem of the radish is soft and the leaves are delicate. Set a basin high on the top of the cabinet of the furniture, let its vine stem droop calmly, or hang into a circle after the vine stem is too long, just like a green relief. In this way, it not only makes full use of the space and purifies the air, but also adds lively lines and bright green decoration to the rigid cabinet, which is full of vitality and adds harmonious interest to the bedroom.

21, Zhu Jiao

Zhu Jiao alias red leaf iron tree, Liliaceae, Zhu banana is a foliage plant.

Origin and habits: native to Oceania and tropical China, eastern India and Pacific islands are also distributed. Zhu Jiao likes warm and humid climate, not cold-resistant and slightly shade-resistant. Should be born in fertile, loose loam, avoid alkaline soil.

Morphological characteristics: Zhu banana is an evergreen shrub with a height of up to 3 meters and a single culm or less branched. Leaves lanceolate-elliptic to rectangular-orbicular, aggregated at the top of the stem, 25-50 cm long, 5-10 cm wide, green or purplish red; petiole grooved, 10-30 cm long, base wider, clasping. Panicles born in upper leaf axils, flowers small, reddish or purple, rarely yellowish, flowering from spring to summer.

Culture techniques: plantain can be cultivated by sowing, cutting, striping and root splitting, but cuttings and roots are commonly used. The stems and leaves of Zhu banana are easy to produce adventitious buds, and the buds can be cut when the buds are 3 to 5 cm long, which is very easy to survive. The stem tip can also be cut. The method of burying dry can also be used in cutting. Cut the mature technical strip 5cm to 10cm, with at least three stem nodes, cut off the leaves, bury them in the sand, keep them moist, and take root after a month. The suitable cutting medium is the mixture of peat and river sand, and the temperature is 2125 ℃. For the old plant cultivated for several years, the lower leaves fall off, and the ornamental effect is not good. After the temperature rises in spring, the terminal bud can be cut off, and the base of the technical stem will sprout a lot of tillers, which can be used as culture material after one year.

Management technology: during the growing period of Zhu Jiao, when liquid fertilizer is applied every 1-2 weeks, the old leaves fall off and the new leaves become smaller when the fertilizer is insufficient. The basin soil should be kept moist and high air temperature in the growing season, otherwise the dry tip and edge of the leaves will be withered and yellow. Avoid direct sunlight, overwintering temperature is not lower than 10: 13 ℃.

Ornamental value: Zhu banana is mostly used for garden planting in the south or indoor potted plants in the north to appreciate its special stem and colorful leaf state and leaf color.

22. Dutch Iron

Dutch iron, also known as Dragon Blood Tree, Millennium Tree, belongs to Liliaceae, Dragon Blood Tree belongs to evergreen trees.

Origin and habits: originated in West Africa, Africa, Asia and the islands between Asia and Australia are also distributed. There are sword leaf dragon blood tree, star dragon blood tree, tiger spot dragon blood tree and de dragon blood tree commonly in our country. Sex is hot, humid and sunny.

Morphological features: Dutch iron is mostly tall, sturdy evergreen trees, slightly branched, leaf clusters born at the top of the stem, 45 cm long, 3 cm wide, green, sword-shaped, hard and straight. Panicle, flower shape small, greenish, too shady or lack of leaf color; requires good soil drainage.

Culture technology: Dutch iron generally uses cuttage culture. In summer, strong branches are cut, leaf cuttings are removed, and the matrix is mixed with humus and river sand, and the environment of high temperature and high humidity is maintained after planting (the air temperature is about 27 ℃, and the relative temperature is about 85%). The northern basin is best placed in a greenhouse, and families can use transparent plastic film to cover it, which can take root in about a month, and can be transplanted after the new leaves grow.

Management techniques: Dutch iron pot cultivation requires slightly acidic soil (pH value about 6.5), and sandy loam with high humus content under coniferous forest can be used. After planting, the soil in the basin should be kept moist, and the water and fertilizer should change with the season. Hot and dry in summer, watering 2-3 times a week, and once a week or less in winter depending on indoor humidity. Liquid fertilizer will be available in the four seasons. In the vigorous growth season in spring and summer, appropriate amount of rotten organic fertilizer and water with high nitrogen content should be applied, and cake fertilizer or other new long-term flower fertilizer should be applied properly in winter. Often check the pH value of the soil in the basin, such as the pH value is about 7, the pH value should be adjusted to 6-6.5 with black alum solution, and the soil iron content should be increased appropriately. In order to avoid withering and yellowing of the leaf tip, spray water on the leaf surface every morning. There should be plenty of sunshine in all seasons. The overwintering temperature should not be lower than 5 ℃.

Ornamental value: garden cultivation is often used as foliage flowers, tall bonsai can also be arranged on a large venue rostrum, very spectacular.

23, Brazilian wood

Brazilian wood is known as fragrant dragon blood tree, alias Brazilian iron tree, Brazilian millennium wood, Phnom Penh fragrant dragon blood tree, for Liliaceae, dragon blood tree plants.

Origin and habits: Brazilian wood is native to the tropics. The sex likes the environment with sufficient light, high temperature, high humidity, shade and dryness, and grows well in the bright scattered light and the dry environment of the northern bedroom.

Morphological features: Brazilian evergreen trees, neat plant shape, straight and straight stem. The leaf cluster is born at the top of the stem, 40-90 cm long and 6-10 cm wide, the tip is slightly obtuse, curved into a bow, with bright yellow or milky stripes; the leaf margin is bright green, undulating and glossy. The flowers are small. Yellowish green, fragrant.

Culture technology: cutting method is used in Brazilian wood culture. The technique strips trimmed from the poor plant shape are used as cutting materials, cut into 5-10 cm segments, and cut upright or recumbent on a cutter with coarse sand or vermiculite as medium. Water culture can also be used to promote its rooting. The specific method is to cut off the stem, into the water, the cross section to be smooth, the upper end to prevent water evaporation can be coated with wax, which is particularly important in the dry season, the lower end is immersed in water 2-3 cm, the temperature is above 25 ℃, water and containers should be kept clean. The top with leaves can take root faster, and it can take root in 3-4 weeks, while the stem segment can take root slowly, sometimes it takes 2-3 months to grow new roots and buds.

Management technology: as long as the temperature and other conditions are suitable, Brazilian wood can grow all year round. When it is high in summer, it should be shaded properly, and the room temperature in winter should not be lower than 5 ℃. But it is best to make it dormant in winter, dormancy temperature is 13 ℃, the temperature is too low, leaf tip and leaf edge will appear chloasma. Brazilian wood in the room should be in a place with plenty of light. If the light money is too weak, the markings on the leaves will turn green, the basal leaves will yellowing, and lose the ornamental value. During the cultivation period, the water quality should be kept clean and watered once or twice a week. It is not easy to have too much water to prevent the tree trunk from rotting. When it is hot in summer, spray can be used to improve the air humidity and spray water on the leaves to keep it moist.

Brazilian wood should be properly fertilized outside the root during the growing period, with 100 times dilution of nutrient spray leaves, once every semimonthly, after several years of cultivation, the plant is too tall or the lower leaves of the stem fall off, and the plant shape is poor, it should be pruned. Change the basin or soil every early spring. Potted Brazilian wood, if the environment is not suitable, there will be red spiders, thrips, shell insects and other harm. In addition, excessive ventilation, drought, irregular watering and excessive fertilization can cause leaf tip scorch.

Ornamental value: Brazilian wood is quite popular indoor large potted flowers and trees, especially in the wider living room, study, living room display, elegant style, simple, and with southern flavor. It is a beautiful, regular and world-famous new generation of indoor foliage plants.

24. Rich bamboo

Scientific name green leaf dragon blood tree, also known as rich bamboo, green leaf bamboo banana, belongs to tequila family, dragon blood tree belongs to evergreen erect shrub.

Origin and habits: originally from northern Myanmar, Zhanjiang was introduced into Zhanjiang by the South Asian Tropical crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in the 1980s. Fugui bamboo prefers loose, well-drained soil rich in humus and a warm and humid environment.

Morphological features: evergreen upright shrub, about 1 meter high, leaves whorled, similar to willow leaves. The main cultivated varieties are Phnom Penh (yellow wide stripe on the edge of the leaf) and silver (white wide stripe on both sides of the leaf).

Culture techniques: cut the stem of Dangdang and perennial into 5cm cuttings, insert them upright or horizontally in a wet sand bed, keep the bed temperature at 2530 ℃, usually take 2 to 3 months to grow new roots and buds. If the stem tip cuttage with leaves is selected, it can take root in 3-4 weeks. In order to promote rooting, cuttings can be treated with low concentration of indoleacetic acid (IAA), indolebutyric acid (IBA) or rooting powder. In addition, water insertion can also be used. The lower part of the cuttings can also take root when soaked in water.

Management technology: Fugui bamboo can not only be potted by a single plant, but also can be combined by multiple plants in different levels. With the development of flower culture and the elegance of people's aesthetic taste, in recent years, the combined potted art with different length, different number of plants and different levels is becoming more and more popular. For example, the "rich bamboo pagoda" in the best-selling market is made up of three or more groups of rich bamboo stems of different heights. The method is to cut the tip of the rich bamboo into cuttings of a certain length, and then pot the cuttings after rooting. As the rich bamboo is easy to take root and survive, water cultivation is popular in the market. The key point of its water cultivation technology is to keep the flowerpot or vase with the right amount of water all the time, and to add water frequently so as not to make it dry. Place the windowsill every month to bask in the sun for 1 or 2 days. Apply a small amount of flower fertilizer to the water every two months, and in the area north of the Yellow River, add 10 drops of edible vinegar to the basin every month. The suitable growth temperature of Phyllostachys pubescens is above 5 ℃.

Ornamental value: the rich bamboo pagoda made of rich bamboo has different levels, the shape is noble and elegant, and it is constantly rising, implying vigor and vitality. Put it on the desk and coffee table, add a touch of spring, give people fresh and natural, urge people to be clean and honest, and keep making progress.