How to ferment bone meal with cake fertilizer and how to grow flowers

Growing flowers, this is to use flower fertilizer, always feel that the flower fertilizer bought is not good, how to ferment cake fertilizer? How to grow flowers with bone meal:

How to ferment cake fertilizer:

It can be collected from bean cake residue and turned into organic compost suitable for plant growth after fermentation and maturity.

The residue from various oilseeds is sealed, fermented and matured, and then dried for use. The nutrients of the cake fertilizer will vary slightly depending on the raw materials, but they are organic fertilizers with a very high nitrogen content.

The rotten fermented cake fertilizer can also be bought by yourself, which can be directly mixed into the soil when used, or can be used as liquid fertilizer after soaking in clear water.

How to grow flowers with bone meal:

Bone meal is a very easy to use dilute organic fertilizer, directly mixed into the soil can have a long-term effect, the production method is also very simple, you can buy some directly if it is troublesome.

You can directly remove the fat from the leftover bones, soak them in clean water for 2 days, rinse off the salt, boil them thoroughly in a pot for about half an hour, then dry them in the hot sun, break them with tools for a few days, grind them into powder or bone dregs, and use them separately.

Bone powder can be mixed into the base fertilizer or alone mixed into the soil, its fertility release is slow, do not be afraid to give more plants will appear fat injury, bone residue as a pelvic floor cushion material, can also achieve the effect of promoting flowering.

Self-made flower fertilizer bone meal and cake fertilizer flower cultivation method is introduced here, this has learned a lot, hurry up to make one by yourself.

Fertilizers commonly used in flower cultivation

1. Organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer includes human manure, livestock fertilizer, bone meal, cake fertilizer, green manure, medicine residue, grass ash, fish waste, eggs and so on. Organic fertilizer has long fertilizer effect and slow fertilizer effect, and can improve the soil, but it needs to be fully fermented and ripened before use.

Family potted flowers and open field potted flowers have different requirements for fertilizer, which requires not only complete nutrients, slow release of nutrients and long fertilizer effect, but also non-toxic, odorless and non-polluting environment. Most of the organic fertilizers are complete fertilizers, and the fertilizer effect is stable and long, which can improve the physical properties of diseased soil. Potted flowers can be applied organic fertilizer as needed, and organic fertilizer is mostly used as base fertilizer. But some kinds of organic fertilizers smell bad and even carry germs, so they are not suitable to be used as fertilizers for family potted flowers.

Cake fertilizer is the residue of oil-bearing seeds such as soybeans, peanuts, sesame seeds, oilseeds and cottonseeds. The nutrient elements in cake fertilizer are complete, and the contents of nutrient-rich nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are high. Cake fertilizer will produce high temperature in the process of fermentation and decomposition, which will damage the roots and seedlings of flowers. Therefore, cake fertilizer should be applied after fermentation. The fermented cake fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer or topdressing fertilizer in nutritious soil. Use cake fertilizer as topdressing, first soak the fermented cake fertilizer in 10 times water for 6 hours, then take the supernatant and dilute it 10 times to 20 times, then apply it.

Grass ash is rich in potassium, and contains phosphorus, calcium, iron, magnesium, boron and other nutrient elements. Herbal ash is soluble in water and is a kind of alkaline fertilizer which can be used as base fertilizer or topdressing fertilizer. However, some flowers that like acidic soil environment should not use grass ash. In addition, human feces and urine and livestock dung are also high-quality organic fertilizers, which are nutritious and comprehensive, but often have peculiar smell, so they should not be directly used in family potted flowers. Human feces, urine and livestock manure are often used as substrates for the preparation of culture soil after accumulation and fermentation alone or mixed with soil.

2. Inorganic fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, compound fertilizer, micro-fertilizer and so on. Inorganic fertilizer has short fertilizer effect and fast fertilizer effect. It can be used as topdressing fertilizer and destroy soil structure for a long time.

Inorganic fertilizer is chemical fertilizer, commonly used chemical fertilizers are: ammonium sulfate, urea, calcium superphosphate, hydrogen amine phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and so on. Chemical fertilizer is a quick-acting fertilizer, no odor, easy to master the amount of fertilizer, like as topdressing. At present, most of the chemical fertilizers sold in the market are compound fertilizers, which contain more comprehensive contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. When choosing and purchasing chemical fertilizers, it should be noted that there are different types of chemical fertilizers, and the scope of flowers they are applicable to is also different.

How to manage family flower cultivation? Six essentials for growing flowers: soil, fertilizer, water, conservation, shearing and propagation

How to manage family flower cultivation?

1. Soil

Soil is the basis for the growth of flowers and trees, which is not only the support for the growth and development of plant roots, but also provides necessary nutrients, water and air for plant growth.

(1) the soil is required to be fertile, harmless, loose, breathable, water and fertilizer.

(2) potted soil materials

In addition to the commonly used soil, the potted soil materials for raising flowers in the family also use some mineral materials and biomaterials, so the meaning of potted soil is not limited to soil, so the materials on which these plants depend for survival, cultivation is often collectively referred to as the matrix or medium, commonly used substrates are: garden soil, mountain mud, pond mud, sand, earthworm manure, cinder, vermiculite, perlite, ceramsite, brick grain, rice chaff, chaff ash, sawdust, wood carbon, grass shavings Bark, cottonseed shell, peanut shell, pine needle leaves, moss, coconut bran, bagasse and so on.

(3) soil acidity

The pH of soil affects the growth and development of flowers, and most flowers are suitable for slightly acidic soils with pH values of 6.0-7.0. the soil pH7 is neutral. Camellia, rhododendron, orchid, pineapple and other flowers require a sour soil environment. The pH value is usually required to reach about 5-6. Therefore, these flower cultivation should choose more humus mountain mud (orchid mud) to grow well. Carnation, marble, cactus, spicy, pomegranate, grape and kiwifruit adapt to a wide range of soil acidity and can grow in the environment of pH 6-8. Heavy alkaline soil can be adjusted by adding sulfur powder or ferrous sulfate and aluminum sulfate, and the application amount of sulfur powder is usually 0.1-0.2% of the total soil. The soil with excessive acidity can be adjusted with lime powder, and the application amount per square meter of land is 35-70 grams.

(4) soil improvement

The soil for planting flowers in the courtyard must clean up all kinds of construction waste within the soil surface 40cm, the location of the tree hole in the planting tree, and the new soil should be replaced in the hole depth of 60-80cm. For the green land with heavy clay, coarse sand and organic matter with more fiber should be added to facilitate drainage and increase the permeability of the soil layer and the content of organic matter. According to the requirements of planting plants, the preparation of potted soil should pay attention to the air permeability, fertility and suitable acidity of the soil. The cultivation substrate is usually made of fertile pastoral soil (hot soil) and bran ash according to the ratio of 2-3: 1. However, for urban flower cultivation, due to limited conditions, it is difficult to obtain high-quality culture soil, so urban life wastes such as fallen leaves, sawdust, peanut shells, bean shells, eggshells, bagasse, poultry feathers, fish bones, shrimp shells and so on can be collected and broken up. Add Amoy rice water, put it in an old tank or plastic bag, after a long period of fermentation, dry, sift, mix with part of the raw mud (roads, earthwork excavated by infrastructure construction), mix and prepare potted nutrient soil. The resident soil replaced by turning the basin can also be mixed with domestic waste and reused. Strict potted soil needs to be disinfected, and family flower cultivation can use a simple method of solar disinfection, that is, in summer, the soil is spread flat on the cement board, covered with plastic film, and exposed to 3-4 in strong light. It can kill a large number of pathogenic spores, hyphae and insect eggs, and nematodes in the soil. In addition, heating disinfection and medicament disinfection can also be used under certain conditions.

How to manage family flower cultivation?

2. Fertilization

Fertilizer is the source of nutrients needed for flower growth, which directly affects the growth and development of flowers. For different plants, in different growth stages, timely and appropriate application of the necessary nutrient elements in order to make flowers grow luxuriantly branches and leaves, flowers like brocade. 16 nutrient elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (obtained in air and water) for flower growth: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, iron, boron, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum, chlorine

(1) types of fertilizers

Organic fertilizer A fertilizer formed after processing, fermentation and ripening of animal and plant residues or excreta. Organic fertilizer contains complete nutrient elements for flowers, and the nutrients decompose gradually after being applied to the soil, although the effect is slow, but the fertilizer effect is long, and it can also improve the soil, which is beneficial to the development of root system and the activity of soil beneficial bacteria. Commonly used organic fertilizers are: livestock and poultry manure, fish meal, bone meal, plant ash, all kinds of cake fertilizer and sesame oil residue and so on. Inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer) A fertilizer made by chemical methods or processed by natural minerals. The utility model has the advantages of high nutrient content, quick effect, easy to use, clean and sanitary, etc., but the nutrient composition is single, and it is easy to harden the soil after long-term use. Commonly used are: urea, ammonium sulfate, nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and so on. And a compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium after processing and compounding.

(2) preparation of organic fertilizer for family flower cultivation.

Courtyard composting uses courtyard composting to cover corners and control pits, accumulating leftover vegetable stems and leaves, bean shells, claw peels, herbal dregs, eggshells, shrimp and crab shells, poultry feathers, fish scales, fish offal and weeds, and fallen leaves. In order to prevent the smell from overflowing, it can be covered with mud or plastic film.

The family bottle system uses small-mouth waste plastic bottles such as cola bottles and blending oil bottles as containers to inject fish scales, fish offal, eels, shrimp shells and other animals into high-quality liquid quick-acting fertilizer after fermentation and ripening. It can also be soaked and retted with bad soybeans. Attention should be paid to the preparation of bottle organic fertilizer:

The injection amount of the lower foot of ① fish is about 1 beat 2-2 beat 3 of the bottle capacity. And add water close to the mouth of the bottle (need to leave some space).

② in order to reduce the stench of fertilizer fermentation can also put part of the orange degree, generally a 2.5L blending oil bottle, can put 3-4 orange peel. The orange peel can be torn into pieces or cut into small pieces and put down. You can use fresh orange peel or air-dried tangerine peel. After ③ production, 2-3 teeth must be turned back after the cap is tight to leave air gap, otherwise it is easy to be fermented in the bottle and the gas expansion rushes out of the bottle cap, resulting in unbearable odor. It takes 4-5 months for ④ bottle organic fertilizer to ferment in summer, and it usually takes about a year to mature, and its solution can be diluted with water to water the flowers. Utilization of broad bean shell-green silkworm pods are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, which are easy to collect in cities, clean and hygienic. When preparing, the pods can be exposed and dried, crushed and stored for spare, and can be mixed and used when making potted culture soil, and can also be used as base fertilizer when potted flowers are turned into pots and planted.

How to manage family flower cultivation?

(3) rational fertilization

① base fertilizer, topdressing fertilizer and foliar fertilizer base fertilizer mainly use organic fertilizer with slow decomposition and long fertilizer effect. It can be used in the growing season of flowers all year round. Growing flowers in the courtyard, trenching or burying deep around the main planted flowers or trees in winter or early spring, or applying them at the same time when the soil is ploughed before planting. Potted flowers, used in the preparation of culture soil, or applied to the bottom of flowerpots before planting. The commonly used base fertilizers are compost made from animal and plant residues, dried livestock manure, rotten cake fertilizer crumbs and so on. The city can use the oil residue after the small mill sesame oil is produced, which has a better fertilizer effect. It is also used to stir-fry or boil soybeans into the middle and lower layers of potted flowers as supplementary base fertilizer. The inorganic fertilizer, which can be quickly absorbed and utilized by flowers, or the leaching solution of organic fertilizer after fermentation, can be added when needed at all stages of flower growth and development. Commonly used are urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and so on. Foliar fertilization, also known as extra-root topdressing, sprays the plant after dissolving water with chemical fertilizer to make nutrients infiltrate into the plant at the back of the leaf, which has the characteristics of convenient operation and quick effect. Attention should be paid to the application: the concentration of chemical fertilizer is controlled at 0.1-0.2%, and excessive concentration is harmful to plants; for flowers planted in balconies and open air, the time of spraying fertilizer should be in the evening to prevent hot sun exposure after fertilization, while increasing the concentration of fertilizer will cause fertilizer damage. The position of spraying should pay attention to the back of the leaf.

Principles and methods of fertilization in ②

Appropriate flowers, timely, appropriate, appropriate amount, thin fertilizer frequently applied to flowers-foliage plants with more nitrogen fertilizer, fruit and flowering plants with more phosphorus and potash fertilizer. When drawing branches and leaves at the right time, nitrogen fertilizer is the main nitrogen fertilizer, flower bud differentiation, flower bud formation, pre-flowering, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. According to the appropriate situation, "four more, four less, four no" Huang and thin apply more, apply more before germination, apply more before pregnant bud, and apply more after flowering. Less fertilizer for fat, less for sprouting, less for flowering, and less for rainy season. New planting does not apply, only growth does not apply, sickness does not apply, and summer does not apply. Appropriate amount of one-to-one thin fertilizer: organic fertilizer uses 7 Mel 8 parts of water plus 2 Mel 3 parts of fertilizer, chemical fertilizer uses 0.1% Mel 0.3% concentration to apply frequently: once every 10 days during growing period. Fertilizing three taboos one by one avoid thick fertilizer, thick fertilizer causes cell fluid extravasation and death. Avoid heat and fertilizer, the soil temperature is high at noon in summer, topdressing hurts the root. Avoid sitting fertilizer, after applying basic fertilizer to the bottom of the pot, you should first cover a layer of thin soil. And plant flowers. Avoid root system sitting directly on fertilizer.

How to manage family flower cultivation?

3. Watering

Watering is the main management of family flower cultivation. Water is an important component of plants and an indispensable main substance in physiological activities.

(1) Courtyard watering

It is necessary to replenish water in the dry season, keep the soil moist, and pay attention to drainage in the rainy season to prevent the root system from suffocating to death due to stagnant water and lack of oxygen. Watering should not exceed 5 ℃ of water temperature and soil temperature. It should be watered in the early morning and evening in summer and around noon in winter.

(2) watering potted flowers

The principle of ① watering is dry, dry and wet, no dry, no watering, dry and dry, and watering should be thoroughly. Dry and wet makes the soil dry and wet. It not only ensures the water supply of flowers and trees, but also makes the basin soil breathable and protects the development of root system. The standard of drying is that the upper layer of the basin soil is dry, the bottom soil is still moist, the plant grows normally or the leaves wilt briefly at noon. The lack of water in flowering plants first shows the wilting of petals. If it is found that the leaves and flowers lose water, the water must be replenished immediately. To get back to life. The principle of watering thoroughly means that the amount of water should be seen to seep out from the bottom of the basin, and the wet and dry half-waist water on the basin soil is a taboo in the management of potted flowers, which will cover up the essence of water shortage with the wetting phenomenon on the surface of the basin soil, resulting in the death of the root due to lack of water. Plants that have been cut off from water, and then watered to rescue, it is also very difficult to come back to life.

(3) the amount of water is more or less.

More watering of herbs, less watering of woody plants; more watering of wet flowers, less watering of dry flowers; more watering of large and soft leaves, less watering of small waxy leaves; more watering of seedlings in peak growth period, less watering of small pots of seedlings, less watering of small pots of seedlings; more watering of balconies and less watering of courtyards; more watering of summer and less watering of winter; more watering of sunny and dry flowers; less watering of pregnant buds and less watering of flowers in cloudy days.

How to manage family flower cultivation?

(4) drought dehydration and rescue of waterlogged rotting roots.

Woody plants are dehydrated due to long-term drought, and their stems and leaves wilt, but the stems are still alive. Should first be moved to the shade to reduce plant moisture evaporation. And spray water to maintain the humidity of the environment on the ground. After watering the root, it is not suitable to replenish water continuously to prevent the root system from lack of oxygen. According to the principle of dry, dry and wet, the soil can be ventilated to promote new roots and restore vitality. According to the growth state of the aboveground parts, the plants with serious water loss should be pruned properly, which is beneficial to the re-germination of leaves. If the soil in the rainy basin is flooded for a long time, the plants will be waterlogged, and the branches and leaves will wilt and lose their mind, so that the plant should be removed from the basin and put in a cool and ventilated place to distribute soil moisture from the roots. After 3 minutes, the growth will be restored and the pot will be put on again. Continuous rain, outdoor potted plants can turn the pot upside down. Avoid stagnant water. When the weather is rainy for a long time, it suddenly clears up, the sun is strong, and the plants are exposed to the sun, which will cause serious water loss and death due to the damage to the growth of roots and the strong transpiration of branches and leaves. Therefore, we should pay attention to strict water control, move position, shade recovery.

(5) different watering methods

When potted flowers are watered, most of them should avoid watering. When flowers and leaves are drenched with water, such as paulownia, African violets, and so on, they will cause flowers and leaves to rot. And pineapple flowers, it is required to water the head, so that the leaf tube storage water, in order to meet the growth needs. In addition to proper watering, orchids and taro flowers are required to spray water in order to improve the air humidity of the cultivation environment. For indoor foliage plants, there are great differences in moisture requirements according to the growth characteristics of the place of origin. Tortoise back bamboo, spring feather, calla lilies and other Araceae plants and ferns, Umbrella grass and other wet flowers, watering should be mastered "rather wet than dry", but also do not accumulate water. Tiger tail orchid, aloe, sedum and other succulent plants, and cactus plants are xerophytic flowers, watering should master "better dry than wet". To prevent excessive moisture and rotting roots. Other plants, such as asparagus, iron tree, begonia and so on, belong to mesophytic flowers. There are adverse reactions when the soil moisture is too dry or too wet. Watering can grasp the principle of "dry and wet".