How much is the market price of Piaoxiang vine? how to maintain a tree in winter?

Fragrant vine is a kind of flower variety introduced and cultivated from abroad in our country. How much is the market price of it? How to maintain in winter:

How much is the market price of Piaoxiang vine?

The market price of Piaoxiang rattan will be determined according to the size of the seedling. Generally, the point plate seedling is about 6 yuan, and the market price of half a year seedling is about 9 yuan. Of course, the bigger the seedlings, the higher the price.

How to maintain the fragrant vine in winter:

1. Temperature management

Liriodendron is a kind of plant that likes to grow in a warm and sunny environment; so if you want to make it safe through the winter, then the ambient temperature should be at least above 10 ℃, so that it can create a warm growing environment and help it to grow normally in winter.

2. Fertilizer and water management

When watering the fragrant vine, you should water enough, but do not accumulate water, but you should pay attention to it in winter, which is different from that in other seasons. When maintaining the vine in winter, you should reduce the amount of water and water it when you see that the pot soil is dry. If the pot soil is not dry, don't water it at all.

And when watering, as long as you see the basin soil slightly wet, you can stop watering, and then put it in a place with light for maintenance.

Fragrant vines do not need to be fertilized in winter, because they have to dormancy in winter in order to protect the plant from frostbite. Once fertilized, it will make the leaves and roots of the plant grow, so that the new parts will be frostbitten and cannot be safely through the winter.

So stop fertilizing in winter and wait until the temperature picks up before applying fertilizer slowly.

You know the market price of Piaoxiang vine.

Conservation measures of southern plant Zizyphus jujuba

Part 1: "arrangement of plants in the South"

Egg flower

Egg flower, its flowers are really like eggs, the outside is milky white, the center is bright yellow, just like the egg white yolk, it looks really Q. Its branches are thick and succulent. The leaves are also big, and the flowers and leaves gather on the top of the branch. it blossoms brilliantly in summer, giving people a feeling of purity and elegant temperament, which is very suitable for people to watch carefully. After falling leaves, the bare trunk bends naturally and its shape is very beautiful. It is very suitable for planting in courtyards and grasslands. Egg blossoms like the environment with high temperature and humidity, plenty of sunshine and good drainage. It is strong in nature and can withstand drought, but it is afraid of cold and avoid waterlogging. It likes to grow in acidic soil, but it is also alkaline-resistant. It is better to cultivate acid sandy soil which is deep, fertile, permeable and rich in organic matter. The cuttage method was used for propagation. When growing egg blossoms, you should also pay attention to pest control, such as brown spots on leaves or even dark black leaves, which is because of egg flower corner spot, so you should pay attention to take measures at this time. Of course, there may be other diseases, so egg flower needs your care and care. In fact, egg flowers in addition to white, there are red and yellow, can extract essence for the manufacture of high-grade cosmetics, soap and food additives, the price is quite high, great commercial development potential; can also be dried flowers for tea, commonly known as egg scented tea, has the effect of curing fever and diarrhea, moistening the lungs and detoxifying. The egg flower has a beautiful tree shape, many branches, strange shapes and various shapes; the leaves are like loquat, and after falling in winter, the branches leave semicircular leaf marks, quite like antlers with beautiful spots, which can be described as the first choice for landscaping, courtyard layout and potted ornamental small trees in the tropics. The bark is thin and grayish green, rich in toxic white juice, which can be used for external application to treat scabies, redness and swelling. The wood is white, light and soft, and can be used to make musical instruments, tableware or furniture. Frangipani language: give birth to hope, resurrection, new life is as simple and ordinary as life, so you can always be so close to people and lose their distance.

Yulan

Magnolia is a tall deciduous tree with dark gray bark and rough dehiscence; branchlets slightly stout and grayish brown; winter buds and pedicels densely covered with grayish yellow long sericeous hairs. Leaves papery, Obovate, broadly Obovate or Obovate, Obovate-elliptic, base overgrown branches and leaves elliptic. Magnolia is very much like a lotus flower. When it is in full bloom, the petals spread in all directions, making the courtyard blue and white, dazzling in white light, with high ornamental value. Coupled with the refreshing fragrance, it is actually an ideal flower pattern for beautifying the courtyard. Magnolia is light-loving, hardy and can survive the winter in the open field. Love dry, avoid low humidity, planting land waterlogging is easy to rot roots. The sandy soil, which is fertile, well drained and slightly acidic, can also grow on weakly alkaline soil. In the south with higher temperatures, it can blossom from December to January of the following year. Magnolia has strong resistance to harmful gases. If the flower is planted in a factory polluted by sulfur dioxide and chlorine, it has a certain resistance and the ability to absorb sulfur. Artificial fumigation with sulfur dioxide can absorb more than 1.6 grams of sulfur in 1 kg of dried leaves. Therefore, Magnolia is a good anti-pollution greening tree species in air pollution areas. Magnolia likes light, young trees are more resistant to shade, not resistant to strong light and western sun, too strong light or western sun, it is easy to burn trees. Magnolia likes fertilizer, in addition to the application of base fertilizer when planting, it should be fertilized every year after that. Sufficient fertilizer can make the plant grow vigorously, the leaves are green and thick, not only have many buds, but also have large flowers, long flowering period and fragrant. Magnolia is a tree species with strong disease resistance. the main diseases are anthracnose, chlorosis and leaf burn. Magnolia has not only ornamental value but also medicinal value and edible value. Magnolia contains volatile oil, mainly citral, clove oleic acid, magnolia alkaloid, magnolol, decanoic acid, rutin, oleic acid, vitamin An and other components, which has certain medicinal value. Magnolia flower has a pungent and warm taste, which has the effect of dispelling wind, dispelling cold and dredging orifices, dispelling lungs and nose. Can be used for headache, blood stasis dysmenorrhea, nasal congestion, acute and chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis and other diseases. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that magnolia has an inhibitory effect on common skin fungi.

Magnolia is rich in vitamins, amino acids and a variety of trace elements, which has the effect of dispelling wind and dispelling cold, invigorating qi and regulating the lungs. Can be processed to make snacks, but also can make tea to drink. Magnolia language stands for gratitude. Magnolia often in a green full of white flowers, with the fragrant fragrance makes people feel an indescribable temperament, really fresh and lovely. Because its plant is tall, flowering position is high, swaying in the wind, in high spirits, just like Tiannu scattered flowers, very lovely.

Bamboo taro

Bamboo taro is an herb. Most varieties have underground rhizomes or tubers, leaves solitary, larger, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, veins pinnately arranged, distichous, entire. Amorphophallus is a good ground cover plant with various colors and a good foliage plant. Amorphophallus is a tropical plant that likes a warm, humid and brightly lit environment, is not cold-resistant, is not resistant to drought, and is afraid of hot sun exposure. If direct sunlight will burn the leaves, the edges of the leaves will be partially scorched, the new leaves will stop growing, and the leaves will turn yellow, so we should pay attention to shading. Bamboo taro is sensitive to water, so it should be fully watered during the growing period to keep the basin soil moist, but the soil should not accumulate water, otherwise it will lead to root rot and even plant death. Bamboo taro should be more "delicate". Enough care should be put into 365 days, and if there are major fluctuations in the environment in a few days, it will leave "evidence of guilt" on the plant, which is the consensus of taro seed dealers and producers. There are not many diseases and insect pests in bamboo taro family, such as shell insects, whitefly and so on. Of course, it has other values, such as medicinal value and dietary value. Bamboo taro powder is almost entirely starch, does not contain vitamins, and contains only 0.2% protein. It can be used as a thickener for soups, sauces, pudding and tails. Add water and boil to make a transparent, odorless, delicious paste. Compared with other starches, the fine quality of taro powder can be cooked at lower temperature and shorter time, and it is easy to digest. It is especially suitable for making egg products such as milk and egg paste that can not be overcooked. It is also suitable for making light, low-salt and low-protein food. Efficacy: clearing lung and relieving cough, clearing heat and diuresis. Main treatment: treatment of cough due to lung heat and acerbity in urination due to damp-heat of bladder

Redrlowered Loropetalum

Evergreen shrubs or small trees. Bark dark gray or light grayish brown, much branched. Twigs reddish brown, densely stellate hairy. Leaves leathery alternate, ovoid or elliptic, 2-5cm long, apex mucronate, base round and oblique, asymmetric, stellate hairs on both sides, entire, dark red. Carthamus tinctorius likes light and is slightly shade-resistant, but the leaf color is easy to turn green when it is shady. Strong adaptability and drought tolerance. Like warmth and withstand the cold. Strong sprouting and branching, resistant to pruning. It is resistant to barren, but it is suitable to grow in fertile, moist slightly acidic soil. Carthamus tinctorius has luxuriant branches, graceful posture, resistance to pruning, resistance to flat binding, can be used for hedges, can also be used to make stump bonsai, blooming season, full of safflower, very spectacular. Liriodendron chinense is an evergreen plant with bright red new leaves. When different strains mature, the leaf color and flower color are different, and the leaf size is also different. In the garden application, it is mainly considered that the two factors of leaf color and leaf size bring leaf color contrast to form color contrast, and the florescence can also be staggered. Main insect pests: aphids, ulnar moths, yellow armyworm, Plutella xylostella, large and small ground tigers and beetles. Common diseases of Carthamus tinctorius: anthracnose, blight, mosaic disease. Anthracnose: it mainly harms the old leaves, basal leaves and leaves because they are red, and the disease spots are

Now black round spots, or nearly round, resulting in early defoliation, serious damage in the rainy season from July to August, the pathogen is actinomycetes. The pathogen overwintered with hyphae on diseased leaves, which was the initial source of disease in the following year. When you find that there is a disease in the branches and leaves of Carthamus tinctorius, you should treat it in time.

Green peach

Green peach is a variety of peach, tree, 3-8 m high; crown broad and spreading; bark dark reddish brown, rough when old is scaly; branchlets slender, glabrous, glossy, green, turning red toward the sun, with a large number of lenticels; winter buds conical, tip obtuse, outside pubescent, often 2-3 clusters, leaf buds in the middle, flower buds on both sides. Leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or Obovate-lanceolate. Blue peach is sunny, drought-resistant and intolerant to wet environment. Like the warm climate, good cold resistance, can survive the winter safely in the natural environment of minus 25 degrees Celsius. The soil is required to be fertile and well drained. Do not like stagnant water, such as planting in low-lying areas of stagnant water, it is easy to die seedlings. The garden is worth green peach blossoms, beautiful and beautiful when they bloom, and the ornamental period is as long as 15 days. In landscaping, it is widely used in lakeside, streams, both sides of roads and parks, etc., in small-scale greening projects such as courtyard greening embellishment, private gardens, etc., as well as potted ornamental plants, and often used to cut flowers and make bonsai. It is also common to weave branches and green peaches. The landscaping of Bitao has a wide range of uses, and the greening effect is outstanding, and the planting year has a particularly good effect. Can be planted, piece planting, isolated planting, there was a very good green effect in that year. Green peach is one of the commonly used color seedlings in landscaping, which is usually used together with purple leaf plum, purple leaf dwarf cherry and other seedlings. Flowers and shrubs are planted to form a scene of a hundred flowers blooming. In addition to the ornamental value, there is also medicinal value. The gum secreted on the trunk of the peach tree, commonly known as peach gum, can be used as an adhesive. It is a kind of polysaccharide substance, which can be hydrolyzed to produce arabinose, galactose, xylose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, etc., which is edible and medicinal, and has the effect of breaking blood, promoting blood and tonifying qi. Diseases often occur in summer and autumn. The main diseases are: White rust and brown rot, perforation, anthrax, gum disease, leaf shrinkage disease. The main pests are aphids, red spiders, shell insects, red-necked longicorn beetles and so on.

Artificial plant community

1. Summer cuckoo + safflower sequel + Phnom Penh boxwood + thornless bone ball

These four kinds of plants have strong adaptability and are widely planted in Fuzhou. Three kinds of leaf color plant linear planting, rich leaf color, coupled with large size no thorn structure bone ball, to form a neat, full, hierarchical road green ribbon effect.

2. Carthamus tinctorius + red leaf heather ball + Michelia mollissima + chicken claw Acer

Carthamus tinctorius itself is widely planted in Fujian, with good adaptability, beautiful leaf color and flower color, while the green of its old leaves are dotted with new leaf red, set off each other, extremely beautiful, and the four kinds of plants are rich in collocation layers. and form a landscape road with longitudinal rhythm and spatial levels, and a strong sense of guidance.

3. Carthamus tinctorius + star anise gold plate + Canadian jujube + egg flower

The combination of these plants is mainly green, with small leaves (safflower wood) and thick leaves (star anise plate, egg flower), while Canadian jujube adds a little tropical flavor. Rich in levels, it has the effect of reducing the space and making people close.

4. Bamboo + Iris

Phyllostachys pubescens is very suitable for planting in Fuzhou. It is a scattered bamboo with dense stems. And Iris has a beautiful posture and beautiful colors, and the two are very attractive together.

5. Gardenia lobularis + Carthamus tinctorius + peach leaf coral + sweet-scented osmanthus

Lobular gardenia, leaves like bird tongue, low plant, can be used as the bottom plant, peach leaf coral leaf color with yellow spots, is a better foliage plant, and Arbor sweet-scented osmanthus, its flowers fragrant, refreshing. The match is dense, the leaf color is changed, and the fragrance of flowers is added.

6. Azalea + Carthamus tinctorius + Huili + canna

Rhododendron flowers are gorgeous, with safflower wood and ash as a lining, more moving, banana leaves thick, narrow space, make people friendly.

7. Ground cover lawn + marigold + red leaf heather + safflower follow wood ball + cinnamon

With the green ground quilt as the base, marigold yellow flowers are extremely beautiful, marigold descendants safflower successor wood and red heather as the lining, cinnamon tree-shaped expansion. Several kinds of plants set off each other and are rich in variety.

8. Ophiopogon + guava tree

Both Ophiopogon japonicus and Ophiopogon japonicus have good adaptability in Fuzhou, with normal growth, soft leaves and suitable ground cover. Ophiopogon japonicus and Ophiopogon japonicus have yellow smooth bark, graceful posture, large leaves and dense leaves, which are suitable for sparse forest paths.

9. Grass + silver tequila + pruned banyan + Huanghua double pod locust

Based on the green grass, tequila leaves are thick, the leaves are silver yellow and green, matched with the built banyan tree and coordinated, while the yellow flower double cheek locust is beautiful and colorful. The collocation levels of these plants are rich, and the color transformation can be coordinated.

10. Grass along the steps + palm bamboo + sunflower + papaya tree

This plant configuration is suitable for one side of the small building, the grass leaves along the steps are thin and soft, while the brown bamboo and loose-tailed sunflower leaves are thicker, while the papaya leaves are palmately large, with fruit and trunk, and its posture is very beautiful.

11. Red mulberry + false forsythia + safflower tree

As a pattern flower bed plant collocation, red mulberry has bright leaf color, as an edge, false forsythia leaf color is yellow and green, while safflower tree leaf color is dark purple, three kinds of plants match as magic pattern flower bed, and it is attractive.

Part II: "maintenance Plan 4"

Maintenance and management scheme of landscaping

Maintenance and management is very important in landscaping, it is a long-term and repeated work, with comprehensive technical requirements, including the destruction of people and animals, sanitation and cleaning, pruning of flowers and trees, watering and fertilization, pest control, flower bed flower planting and so on. The completion of garden green space does not represent the completion of the garden landscape. People often say that "three minutes, seven minutes". Only with high-quality and high-level maintenance and management, the landscape can be gradually formed and perfect.

Characteristics of the present situation of plants in the cultivation park:

1. The greening covers an area of about 2.45419 billion square meters, and the green coverage rate is high. There are a large number of different specifications and varieties of trees and trimmed shrubs, and their initial growth has gradually taken shape. After our careful investigation, the characteristics of plant planting are roughly divided into two areas according to the original general plan:

1) Square area: the plant planting style in this area is relatively open, with ginkgo biloba, Zhengnan and large trees in the square.

Plant mainly, properly cooperate with low shrubs, the overall space is more transparent.

2) Factory area: the plant varieties in this area are complicated, worn by large and small trees, shrubs and ground cover plants.

Planted in front of the door with more valuable large plants (Canary jujube, blue flower, small leaf banyan pile head

The best sweet-scented osmanthus, etc. Whether it can still keep the office garden elegant, elegant and sparse?

The scenery, can also make the hotel villa courtyard to carry forward its delicate and gentle, leisurely and relaxing atmosphere

It all depends on the acquired maintenance.

two。 In the greening condition of the vertical area, we can find the following problems: the growth of ① shrubs is poor and the shape is monotonous; the potential of ② flowering shrubs is poor, and the flowering condition (including the number of flowers, flower size, color, secondary flowering) is not satisfactory; there are many weeds in ③ lawn, and there is a tendency of grass weeds in some areas; there is a situation of diseases and insect pests in ④.

1. We are prepared to take the following rectification measures:

1. Carry forward three-dimensional horticulture and shape hedges and shrubs. For flowering shrubs planted with embellishment, measures should be taken to promote their growth and shape according to the trend, which depends on the specific plant growth and plant shape. The hedges in the local area are highly regular, and the uniform strip undoubtedly makes the garden which should be free and leisurely mechanical and rigid. We can also try to trim it into a wavy shape, match it with the relaxed and leisure residential landscape, enliven the atmosphere of the whole garden and create a more fluent living environment.

2. Immediately start the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. For plants with the characteristics of diseases and insect pests, large-scale chemical control should be carried out immediately.

3 、

4 、

5. Apply pesticides and increase the workload of manual pulling for lawn weeds. Different maintenance and management schemes were implemented for different plants (mainly fertilizer supply, base fertilizer, topdressing, foliar fertilizer, different plants have different fertilization methods and fertilizer choices in different seasons). Plants are listed. We classify all the plants, and then make a green sign to mark it.

All the plants in the area are listed for their families, genera, and living habits. This can be done.

Enrich the staff's plant knowledge, can also add to the cultural atmosphere of the park, and can be marked with eye-catching

Make greening get more attention.

6. greening and maintenance is not an overnight thing. While doing a good job in rectification and reform, we will also be right.

The same plants take different maintenance measures at different times, and we arrange our daily work month by month.

(the detailed rules are attached), in order to maximize the landscape effect in the blueprint.

We also ask Party A to put forward more suggestions to make our work perfect step by step.

7. Maintenance responsibility

During the contract maintenance period, our company organizes reasonably and carefully maintains according to the operation rules and quality standards of landscaping maintenance, and dispatches professional horticulturists to organize and arrange the management and protection work, and flexibly dispatch not less than experienced workers according to the weather and plant growth conditions of each season to complete the maintenance and management tasks in quality and quantity.

VI. Maintenance content

1. Management procedures: including the whole process of watering, opening nests and cultivating soil, pruning, fertilization, weeding, pruning and wiping buds, pest control, straightening, seedling replenishment (plus seedling fee). {maintenance measures of southern plant sea jujube.

2. Management tools:

A, flower shears, long shears, high-altitude shears, lawnmowers, lawnmowers

B, sprayer, bucket, bamboo dustpan

C, shovel, hoe, saw, chainsaw, ladder

D, fuel, maintenance costs

3. Maintenance content:

A, Arbor: apply organic fertilizer once a year, 0.25 kg cake fertilizer per plant, once topdressing, 0.1 kg compound fertilizer and mixed urea per tree, hole application, spraying, water and fertilizer, etc., and then covered with soil, drenched thoroughly, water penetration depth of more than 10 cm, timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, maintain the natural growth state of trees, without modeling and pruning. Timely cut off yellow branches, disease and insect branches, shade long branches and drooping branches that hinder the passage of vehicles, and clean up the pruning materials in time. Remove weeds around the roots once a week to make sure there are no weeds.

B, shrubs, hedgerows, bag seedlings: fertilize once a quarter, apply urea mixed compound fertilizer 10 kg per 667m2, use sprinkling and water fertilizer, etc., water once within three hours after application, once a day (except rainy days), water penetration depth of more than 10 cm, timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, trimmed into a circle, square line or cone line, weekly minor repair, monthly overhaul, cut smooth, beautiful, timely removal of trimmed objects Cut off dead branches, disease and insect branches in time, replant old and dead plants in time, and remove weeds once a week.

C, herbs: fertilize once a quarter, apply urea mixed compound fertilizer 10kg per 667m2, sprinkle water and water fertilizer, water within three hours after application, water once a day (except rainy days), water penetration depth of more than 10 cm, timely control of diseases and insect pests, cut off residual flowers once a week, remove weeds, cut off withered branches and yellow branches in time.

D, Taiwan grass: fertilize once a quarter, apply urea mixed compound fertilizer 10 kg per 667m2, fertilize evenly, water thoroughly, the depth of water penetration is more than 5 cm, control diseases and insect pests in time, replant withered and incomplete parts in time, the coverage rate is more than 98%, and prune 1-2 times a month.

(2) the specific arrangements for the maintenance of gardens in one year:

January: the coldest month of the year, with open-field trees dormant.

1. Winter pruning: fully carry out the shaping and pruning of deciduous trees; pruning dead branches, disabled branches, disease and insect branches on large and small trees and branches that hinder overhead lines and buildings.

2. Inspection of street trees: check the situation of binding and piling of street trees in time, and rectify them immediately when they find that they are loose, lead wire embedded skin, shaking piles and so on.

3. Pest control: winter is a favorable season to eliminate garden pests. The pupae and cocoons of the diamondback moth can be dug up and burned to death in the loose soil under the tree. Scale insects begin to move in mid-January, but they move slowly at this time, so we can scrape off the larvae on the tree trunk. Pest control in winter often has twice the result with half the effort.

4. Green space conservation: green space, flower beds and other places should pay attention to picking out large weeds; lawns should pick grass and cut edges in time; attention should be paid to anti-freezing watering in green space.

February: the temperature is higher than the previous month, and the trees are still dormant.

1. The maintenance is basically the same as in January.

2. Pruning: continue pruning withered and diseased branches of large and small trees. Trim all kinds of trees before the end of the month.

3. Pest control: continue to control diamondback moth and scale insects.

March: the temperature continues to rise. after the middle of the year, trees begin to sprout and some trees (such as camellia) blossom in the last ten days.

1. Planting trees: spring is a favorable time to plant trees. After the soil is thawed, we should seize the opportunity to plant trees immediately. Plan and design before planting large and small trees, dig (plane) a good tree hole in advance, and do as you dig, transport, plant and water. When planting shrubs, they should also be dug, transported and planted, and fully watered to improve the survival rate of seedlings.

2. Spring irrigation: due to spring drought, windy and large evaporation, green land should be watered in time in order to prevent spring drought.

3. Fertilization: after the soil is thawed, base fertilizer is applied to plants and irrigated. {maintenance measures of southern plant sea jujube.

4. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: this month is the critical moment for the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Some seedlings appeared coal fouling disease, melon seeds and yellow poplar leaf roller also appeared (using spraying fenitrothion and other pesticides for control). The method of digging pupae can continue to be used to control diamondback moth.

April: as the temperature continues to rise, trees sprout and blossom or spread their leaves and begin to enter a period of vigorous growth.

1. Continue to plant trees: in the first ten days of April, we should seize the time to plant trees that sprout late, remove and replant shrubs (rhododendron, safflower, etc.) that die in winter, and fully water newly planted trees.

2. Irrigation: continue to water the green space in a timely manner.

3. Fertilization: combined irrigation of lawns and shrubs, topdressing available nitrogen fertilizer, or foliar spraying as needed.

4. Pruning: cut off the dry branches in winter and spring to trim the evergreen hedge.

5. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: (1) after the second molting, scale insects gradually transferred to bark cracks, tree holes, trunk base, wall corners and other places to secrete white waxy cocoon pupation. Can be swept with a hard bamboo broom, and then concentrated deep burying or soaking. Or use the method of spraying fenitrothasone and other pesticides. (2) the longicorn beetle begins to move. You can use a grafting knife or self-made steel wire to remove the larvae, but the smaller the wound, the better. (3) Prevention and control of other diseases and insect pests.

6. green space conservation: pay attention to the picking of weeds and climbing plants in large green space. Grass picking and edge cutting should also be carried out on the lawn.

May: the temperature rises sharply and the trees grow rapidly.

1. Watering: trees need a lot of water when they are in full bloom, so they should be watered at the right time.

2. Pruning: pruning residual flowers. The street tree is pruned for the first time.

3. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: continue to catch longicorn beetles. The first generation of diamondback moth hatched, but it has not reached the degree of harm, so the corresponding measures should be taken according to the actual situation in the conservation area. Coal fouling disease caused by scale insects and aphids has also entered a peak period (on crape myrtle, Haitong, oleander, etc.). In mid-and late May, 10-fold pine resin mixture and 50% trithiophos emulsion 1500-2000 times were sprayed to control diseases and kill pests. (other available pesticides such as insecticides, Huabao, etc.)

June: the temperature is high

1. Watering: plants need a lot of water, so they should be watered in time, not "watching the sky to eat".

2. Fertilization: combine loosening soil and weeding, fertilization and watering to achieve the best effect.

3. Pruning: continue to peel off buds and remove tillers from street trees. Pruning hedges, balls and some flowering shrubs. {maintenance measures of southern plant sea jujube.

4. Drainage work: when there is heavy rain, we should pay attention to the drainage work in low-lying areas.

5. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: when the diamondback moth enters the peak incubation period in mid-and late June, timely measures should be taken. Now 50% fenitrothion emulsion is basically sprayed with 500-800 times liquid. (or sprayed with compound BT emulsion) continue to capture longicorn beetles by hand.

6. Do a good job in the inspection in front of the flood prevention platform for trees, and straighten, reinforce and re-bind the trees that are loose and inclined.

July: the temperature is the highest, and there will be strong winds and heavy rain after the middle of the year.

1. Transplant evergreen trees: during the rainy season, conifers and bamboos can be transplanted with sufficient water, but pay attention to weather changes and water them in time once they encounter high temperature.

2. Drainage: drainage should be done in time after heavy rain.

3. Topdressing: dry application of quick-acting fertilizer such as nitrogen fertilizer before rain.

4. Street trees: carry out anti-Taiwan peeling and pruning, trim all branches that are in contradiction with electric wires, and check the stumps one by one, and immediately straighten and tie them up when they are found to be loose and unstable. Prepare the labor organization, materials, tools and equipment in advance, and send someone to inspect it at any time to deal with the dangerous situation in time.

5. control of diseases and insect pests: continue to control longicorn beetles and diamondback moths. To control longicorn beetles, 50% fenitrothion 1:50 liquid injection can be used to control longicorn beetles, (or Guoshubao, or Yuanke No. 3), and then seal the hole, which can also achieve good results. Cinnamomum camphor nest borer should be cut off in time and the nest should be destroyed so as to avoid further harm.

August: it is still the rainy season

1, drainage: after heavy rain, the low-lying water should be drained in time.

2. Taiwan prevention of street trees: continue to do a good job of Taiwan prevention of street trees.

3. Pruning: in addition to the general summer tree pruning, the hedges should be styled and trimmed.

4. Weeding in the middle ploughing: weeds are also growing vigorously, so weeds should be weeded in time, and can be combined with weeding for fertilization.

5. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: mainly catch longicorn beetles, pay attention to the capture of longicorn beetles in the root. The harm of aphids and camphor nest borer should be controlled in time. Attention should be paid to powdery mildew and rot in wet weather, and timely measures should be taken. September: the temperature has dropped, welcome the National Day to do a good job of related work.

1. Pruning: greet the appearance of the city and peel the buds below the third-level bifurcation of the street tree. Hedge shape trimming. Weeding in the green space, cutting the lawn edge, cleaning up the dead trees in time, so that the trees have green branches and green leaves, and the green space is clean and tidy.

2. Fertilization: for some trees whose growth is weak and the branches are not full enough, some phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied.

3. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: perforation disease (cherry blossom, peach, plum, etc.) was the peak, and 1000-fold solution of 500% carbendazim was used to prevent infection. Longicorn beetles began to turn to root damage, pay attention to the capture of root longicorn beetles. The wood beetle moth on poplar and willow should also be controlled in time. Do a good job in the prevention and control of other diseases and insect pests.

4. Do well the inspection of all kinds of greening facilities before the festival.

October: the temperature drops, the early winter begins in late October, and the trees begin to shed their leaves and enter the dormant period one after another.

1. Be prepared to plant trees in autumn. As soon as the leaves of a hardy tree fall, you can start planting.

2. Green space conservation: timely removal of dead trees and timely watering. The work of picking grass and cutting the edge of green land and lawn should be done well. Fertilizers should be applied if the grass flowers do not grow well.

3. Control diseases and insect pests: continue to catch root longicorn beetles. Camphor nest borer should also pay attention to observation and control. November: the soil begins to freeze at night and enters the middle of winter.

1. Tree planting: continue to plant hardy plants and complete the soil before freezing.

2. Turn the soil: turn the soil on the green space to expose the pests that are ready to overwintering.

3. Watering: watering dry and consolidated soil should be completed before freezing.

4. Pest control all kinds of pests will be prepared for winter in the last ten days, and the task of pest control is relatively light.

December: low temperature, start winter maintenance work.

1. Winter pruning: pruning some evergreen trees and shrubs.

2. Eliminate overwintering diseases and insect pests.

3. Prepare for the adjustment work next year: after the deciduous plants have fallen leaves, observe the conservation area and draw the orientation to be adjusted.

VII. Quality objectives of green space conservation

(1) the technical measures of greening and maintenance are perfect and managed properly, so that the loess is not exposed to the sky.

2 garden plants

2.1 normal growth. All kinds of plants in the newly-built green space reached the normal form within three years, and the seedlings survived within one year due to the injury or death of plants and grasslands caused by poor management.

2.2 the crown of garden trees is basically complete, the distribution of main and side branches is symmetrical, the number is suitable, the pruning is reasonable, the inner chamber is not disorderly, and it is ventilated and transparent. Flowering shrubs blossom in time, normal, timely pruning after flowering. The branches and leaves of hedgerows and color blocks are normal and neat. There are no missing trees on the street and no dead trees in the green space.

2.3 the growth of new shoots of deciduous trees is normal, and the size and color of leaves are normal. under general conditions, yellow leaves, scorched leaves, rolled leaves and leaves with wormurine and insect net shall not exceed 5%, and the preservation rate of normal leaves is more than 90%. Needle

Part 3: "Annual Greening maintenance Plan"

Annual maintenance plan for greening

January

1. Pruning all kinds of deciduous trees in winter, cutting off dry and withered branches, overlapping branches, cross branches, disease and insect branches and lower side branches to ensure that the development of trees tends to be reasonable, the branch shape is improved, and the breeding of diseases and insect pests is reduced.

2. Proper thinning of overgrown trees can reduce diseases and insect pests and increase their growth.

3. Ploughing and turning the soil in winter, improving the soil, and fertilizing all trees, ground covers and lawns in winter to ensure the nutrient demand of seedlings and lawns.

4. Winter is a favorable season to eliminate garden pests. The pupae and cocoons of the diamondback moth can be dug up and burned to death in the loose soil under the tree.

5. According to the situation, individual kinds of lawns should be thinned and trimmed 1-2 times. February

1. Carry on the work of picking, pruning and fertilizing the lawn.

2. Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, especially pay attention to the powdery mildew of narrow leaves and the grass scale of coral and star anise.

3. In particular, it is necessary to strengthen the anti-freezing and heat preservation measures for trees, and do a good job of loosening and cultivating soil around the roots of trees.

4. The cold-season lawn was topdressing (urea) 10g/ mu at the end of the month.

March

1. In order to prevent and control spring drought, trees should be watered in time.

2. The lawn should be rolled and weeded in time, and the winter grass in the tree bed and flower bed should be cleaned.

3. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: strengthen observation and inspection, and do a good job in forecasting, forecasting and prevention. In particular, special attention should be paid to coal fouling disease and melon seeds and yellow poplar leaf roller. The eggs of purple velvet scale hatched in the middle of March, and pear rust occurred in begonia and cold lawn since late March.

4. The local depressions and low-lying blocks of the lawn were cultivated to cover the sand, and the ryegrass lawn was low-pruned in winter to ensure the germination and growth of the bottom grass.

April

1. Do a good job of loosening the soil, weeding, fertilizing before flowering and so on. Especially for perennial root flowers and spring sowing grass flowers, thin fertilizer should be applied, lawn and shrub irrigation should be combined, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied, or foliar spraying should be carried out as needed.

2. Cut off the dry branches in winter and spring and start pruning the evergreen hedge.

3. Pest control: mainly control aphids, coal fouling diseases and beetles. And make relevant records.

May

1. This month is the heyday of tree leaf development, which requires a lot of water and should be watered at the right time.

2. Prune the spring flowering shrubs such as sweet-scented osmanthus and crabapple, and peel off the buds of Plum, red-leaf plum, crape myrtle and other trees in time.

3. Weeding the flower beds and shrubs. At the same time, carry on the work of picking grass on the lawn, and prune the turf grass in time to control its height.

4. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: do a good job in prediction, forecast and prevention.

June

1. Water the plants in time to ensure an adequate water supply.

2. Loosen the soil and weed the tree altar and colored shrubs, and pick the grass on the lawn.

3. The lawn should be mowed in time, its growth height should be controlled, and attention should be paid to the occurrence of large-scale diseases and insect pests. Apply compound fertilizer once to the lawn with poor growth or lack of fertilizer in order to pass the summer safely.

4. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: do a good job in prediction, forecast and prevention.

July

1. In high temperature weather, it is especially necessary to ensure the watering of plants.

2. To loosen the soil and weed the colored shrubs in the flower bed, and at the same time do a good job of picking grass under the ground cover. This month, the weather is hot, the temperature is high, the humidity is also high, and weeds are growing fast. We should seize the opportunity to carry out weeding and picking work to prevent the formation of grass famine, and it is necessary to continue to plough weeds and loosen the soil.

3. To conscientiously do a good job in Taiwan prevention and flood control, the trees in the park should be strengthened and strengthened to prevent lodging, and areas with low-lying or serious stagnant water should be dredged and drained in time.

4. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: do a good job in prediction, forecast and prevention.

August

1. Summer pruning of evergreen trees requires styling and pruning of hedges.

2. Lawn weeds grow vigorously, weeding and pruning should be done in time, lawn height should be controlled, and fertilizing should be combined with weeding. It is necessary to replenish fertilizer and topdressing in time, mainly P and K fertilizer, combined with N fertilizer, thin fertilizer and frequent application to small seedlings, shrubs and herbaceous flowers, at the same time, pay attention to the fertilization period and climate.

3. In hot weather, we must ensure that the daily watering work is not carried out at 10: 00 am, so as to avoid burning seedlings. (including: tree altar conservation, weed control, soil looseness, etc.)

4. Continue to do a good job in Taiwan prevention and flood control, further strengthen and strengthen big trees in residential areas to prevent lodging, and timely dredge drainage channels in low-lying and other places where water is easy to accumulate, so as to prevent water accumulation for too long.

5. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: do a good job in prediction, forecast and prevention.

September

1. Trim the hedges. Weeding in the green space should clean up the dead trees in time, so that the trees are green and the green space is clean and tidy.

2. Thinning the overgrown trees and peeling buds should be carried out at the same time.

3. Lawns should be pruned, edged and weeded in time, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

4. Weeding flower beds and colored shrubs, picking grass on the ground and collecting flower seeds should be done at the same time.

5. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: do a good job in prediction, forecast and prevention.

October

1, pruning spherical shrubs, in order to ensure a beautiful appearance, neat and hierarchical. The tree type of evergreen trees is pruned to make their growth and development more reasonable and the shape of the trees improved.

2. Strengthen the management of newly recommended flowers, fill the empty space and water in time, and fertilize those with poor growth.

3. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: do a good job in forecasting and forecasting, actively prevent and control, and make relevant records. November

The main results are as follows: 1. Evergreen trees and evergreen shrubs carry out thinning and pruning, mainly for ventilation and light transmission, reducing diseases and insect pests and enhancing growth.

2. Flower beds, colored shrubs and green spaces should pick up grass, cut edges and remove weeds in time, and replant in time where there is empty baldness. According to the situation, the trees in the local layout can be adjusted, and some evergreen trees and a few deciduous tree species can be transplanted. And start the work of preventing cold and keeping warm, the ability to resist cold.

Poor trees are bandaged with straw and cultivated with soil.

3. Strengthen the maintenance and management of new plants, pay attention to timely watering and proper pruning. The lawn should be combed and punched according to the situation, and the lawn should be trimmed for 3 times.

4. Fertilization will be carried out in the second half of this month, combined with the application of organic fertilizer to turn the green land.

5. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: do a good job in forecasting and forecasting, actively prevent and control, and make relevant records. December

1, color shrubs, green space to do a good job of picking grass, edge cutting work to pull out weeds in time.

2. Thinning and pruning evergreen, deciduous trees and shrubs, mainly to remove stumps and dead branches, in order to make the trees grow better in the second year (flower shrubs that form flower buds can not be trimmed), and pay attention to clearing the cocoons on the trunk branches.

3. Bandaging grass rope for southern plants such as iron tree and sea jujube to ensure their safe overwintering.

4. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: do a good job in forecasting and forecasting, actively prevent and control, and make relevant records.

Part IV: "the latest plants commonly used in Southern Landscape"

Garden plants commonly used in Southern Landscape

Evergreen trees:

Southern fir, slash pine, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Caribbean pine, cypress, mahogany, mahogany, false Pingpo, Chinese carefree flower, lychee, longan, face, firewood, sausage tree, Platycladus orientalis, juniper, dragon cypress, Fujian cypress, Luohan pine, willow, bamboo cypress, long-leaf bamboo cypress, Magnolia, Magnolia magnolia, incense, camphor, cinnamon, bitter catalpa, Hainan red bean, Taiwan Acacia, iron knife wood, safflower Bauhinia, Safflower Bauhinia Bauhinia, Bauhinia, almond, mango, palm wood, water Weng, water banyan, avocado, potted shelf, false betel nut, sunflower, fishtail anemone, queen sunflower, pu peach, Hainan peach, pistachio, lemon eucalyptus, eucalyptus, big leaf eucalyptus, eucalyptus globulus, white thousand layer, butterfly fruit, Torreya grandis, Cephalotaxus, Indian rubber banyan, mountain banyan, small leaf banyan, big fruit banyan, vertical leaf banyan, banyan banyan, banyan tree, Casuarina equisetifolia, wood polo, camphor leaf maple, maple Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsis glauca, Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsis glauca, Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsis glauca, Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsis lanceolata, Castanopsis lanceolata, Castanopsis carlesii,

Deciduous trees:

Small-leaf olive kernel, water pine, water wax gourd, Chinese tallow, Fructus Aurantii, sand pear, whole-margin Koelreuteria, egg flower, falling feather fir, Liriodendron chinense, Liriodendron mandshurica, Magnolia mandshurica, Chestnut, Quercus variabilis, Quercus variabilis, Quercus mandshurica, Elm elm, White Oak, Camptotheca acuminata, Beautiful Elm, White Oak, Camptotheca acuminata, Beautiful different kapok, Phoenix Wood, Jinfeng, South Flower Flower, Yellow Locust, neem, neem, Caulownia, Chestnut, Acacia, Liriodendron, Liriodendron, Liriodendron, Qiao magnolia, purple leaf plum, green peach, plum, papaya, India

Red sandalwood, red leaf plum

Evergreen shrubs:

Cycad, Torreya grandis, rice orchid, big leaf yellow poplar, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Camellia oleifera, South China coral tree, sprinkled golden coral, hypericum, betel nut, loose-tailed sunflower, Qiong brown, four seasons rice orchid, soft branch yellow cicada, lobular bark bone, red thousand layer, Fujian tea, gardenia, tiger prickly plum, poinsettia, Yunnan yellow carnation, peach leaf coral, structural bone, rhododendron, bright leaf plantain, variable leaf wood, red mulberry, golden edge mulberry, golden leaf banyan, bright leaf deciduous, Ma honeysuckle, purple Taurus, Jiuli incense, red back cinnamon, eagle claw, camellia, Camellia oleifera, Camellia oleifera, oleander, oleander, floret yellow cicada, June snow, smile, Haitong, Ten Gong Lao, Nantian bamboo, star anise, night flower, big safflower, chandelier, Ying Shan Hong, Phoenix tail orchid, silk orchid, South China yellow poplar, axis palm, soft leaf sunflower, short panicle fishtail sunflower, dwarf palm bamboo, Jintou bamboo, bamboo

Golden banyan, banyan, willow banyan, golden vein jade bed, duck foot wood, flower leaf false forsythia, yellow leaf false forsythia, bark bone Dan, golden leaf privet, sea taro, spring feather, tortoise back bamboo, orchid, tiger tail orchid, thick leaf grouper wood, flower leaf Fu mulberry, purple brocade wood, small leaf yellow poplar, African jasmine, mandarin duck jasmine, Xi Mei, Wenshu orchid, spider orchid, beautiful flower, safflower, mandarin mandarin, white paper fan, red paper fan, rhododendron, rhododendron, Rhododendron, double pod cassia, hard bone Lingxiao, myrtle, dragon boat flower, Yunnan yellow Jasmine, jasmine, Qin leaf coral, blue snow, blue star, Tibetan butterfly, Phyllostachys pubescens, pepper wood, red back cinnamon,

Deciduous shrubs:

Hibiscus, hemp leaf Spiraea, diamond leaf Spiraea, modern rose, glutinous rice strips, pomegranate, purple bead, purple magnolia, Hu Zhizi, honeysuckle, woody hydrangea, hibiscus, bauhinia, Yu Li, Xiaoli flower, pearl flower, butterfly tree, elderberry, fig, pepper, Chinese wolfberry, drunken fish grass, small wax

Lianas:

Tortoise back bamboo, leaf flower, chicken blood vine, firecracker flower, gentleman, Akebia trifoliata, honeysuckle, Fufang vine, Ficus pumila, kiwifruit, crawling spear, Hong Kong cliff horn vine, grass finch, ball orchid, unicorn tail, green apple, Luoshi, Chinese ivy, foreign ivy, South Schisandra, Dijin, Lingxiao, passionflower, multi-flower crape myrtle, periwinkle sesame vine, big flower old raven mouth

Eagle claw flower, big flower old duck beak, make gentleman, coral vine, creeper, firecracker flower, white flower oil sesame vine, beautiful Zhengtong, wisteria, Pili, turnip, morning glory, maple leaf morning glory, snake vine, plain square flower, big flower horse petals, garlic rattan, wood rose, Lianlian, passionflower

Bamboo:

Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens

Lawn and ground cover plants:

Bermudagrass, Chinese Zoysia grass, fine-leaf Zoysia grass, carpet grass, false thrift grass, double-ear paspalum, Manila grass, Zoysia grass, Guangdong evergreen, purple dew grass, clam flower, step grass, big leaf fairy grass, Ophiopogon japonicus, auspicious grass, one-leaf orchid black eye, calamus, onion orchid, leek orchid, suddenly laugh, white butterfly, butterfly, safflower pulp grass, hanging bamboo plum,

Purple back bamboo taro, synthetic fruit taro, white butterfly fruit taro, green apple, hanging bamboo plum, kidney fern, cold water flower, small clam orchid, white crane taro, silver edge along step grass, safflower Lantana, yellow flower Lantana, purple flower tassel

Dan, silver leaf chrysanthemum, longtuzhu, shrimp clothes flower, firecracker red, Tianmen winter, seaside evening primrose, saddle vine, ivy, lily, ginger flower, dry umbrella grass, papyrus, iris, chrysanthemum, daffodil, lotus, water lily, trifid chrysanthemum, safflower clover, Brazilian peanut vine, horseshoe, purple silk amaranth, round leaf amaranth, colored leaf grass, fine leaf cherry, red and green grass, green orchid, leek orchid, Zhu Ding Hong, lily, calla lily, periwinkle, Pseudo-thrift grass, Manila grass, Korean sesame grass, Bermuda grass, big-leaf oil grass, variegated grass, Bahia grass, short-leaf Ophiopogon japonicus

Palms:

King coconut, Washington coconut, triangular coconut, king coconut, foxtail coconut, Budi coconut, wine bottle coconut, stick coconut, Middle Eastern sea jujube, Canada sea jujube, overlord palm, oil palm, Dong palm, dragon scale palm, wasabi, golden wasabi, fishtail, golden wasabi, old sunflower, beautiful needle sunflower, short-spiked fishtail anemone, long-spiked fishtail sunflower, loose-tailed sunflower, three medicine betel nut, tourist banana, palm bamboo, sunflower

Time flower

Star flower, African impatiens, four seasons begonia, red, petunia, hybrid carnation, kale, peacock grass, marigold, dry golden lotus, pansy, pansy, calendula, thousand-day red, hundred-day grass, pine peony, horse-toothed peony, big Persian chrysanthemum, melon-leaf chrysanthemum, drunken butterfly, Xuancao, lavender, pansy

Part 5: an example of Plant allocation in South China

Plant allocation in South China

Spring feather + windmill grass + alpinia officinalis

Big ponytail iron + colorful ponytail iron + southern bamboo + kidney fern + stone

King coconut + Dong brown + beautiful needle sunflower + canna + colored leaf grass + variable leaf wood

King coconut + Canadian jujube head + red iron + red mulberry + dragon boat flower

King coconut + false betel nut + loose tail sunflower + big leaf palm bamboo + golden leaf

Part 6: "Common Garden plants in South China"

Common plants in southern courtyard

First, palms:

1. King coconut 2, fake betel nut 3, Washington palm 4, silver sea jujube 5, Canada sea jujube 6, three medicine betel nut

7, Pukui 8, Old Kui 9, loose tail Sunflower 10, Brown Bamboo (fine leaf brown bamboo) 11, Jinshan Brown 12, soft leaf sunflower

2. Trees (street trees, shade trees):

1. Phoenix wood 2, kapok 3, beautiful kapok 4, paulownia 5, pointed leaf Duying 6, pot shelf

7. Fine-leaf banyan 8, water stone banyan 9, mango 10, neem 11, shade incense 12, big-leaf Vladivostok

13. Red sandalwood 14, egg flower 15, olive kernel tree 16, tourist banana 17, red thorn forest 18, autumn maple

19. Carambola 20, Xielan 21, dachshu 22, Nanyang 23, Bai Qianlian

Eucalyptus 25, Hainan Putao 26, neem 27, Bauhinia 28, mahogany

29. Alpine Ficus 30, Flame 31, Huanghua Phoenix Suzuki 32, Luan tree with multiple feathers

3. Flowering shrubs:

1. Osmanthus fragrans 2, Phyllostachys tenuifolia 3, Alsophila spinulosa 4, Yellow Rong 5, Rhododendron

6. Robinia pseudoacacia 7, Hongqianlian 8, Phnom Penh sisal 9, Safflower 10, Huili 11, Ficus ficus

12. Carthamus tinctorius 13, Mianxiao 14, Ziwei 15, Meiruhua 16, Gouya 17, Longshilan

18. Ten thousand hemp 19, silk orchid 20, firecracker flower 21, yellow oleander 22, Fulutong

Fourth, the ground cover or color block:

1. Haitong 2, tortoise back bamboo 3, green pineapple 4, bird's nest fern 5, ruby 6, big leaf clover 7, duck foot wood

8. Angel 9, Golden Leaf 10, Cigar Flower 11, Frog Orchid 12, Samsung Taro 13, Rhododendron

14. Dwarf sunflower 15, Chunyu 16, flower and leaf forsythia 17, arachnoid 18, hanging bamboo plum 19, soft branch yellow cicada

20. Flower leaf fine ginger 21, Tianmendong 22, golden peanut 23, fine leaf dragon boat flower 24, kidney fern 25, yellow shrimp flower

26. White butterfly 27, cold water 28, flower evergreen 29, rainbow Zhu Jiao 30, variable leaf wood 31, grass along the steps

32, Euphorbia officinalis 33, Jasmine 34, Velvet Taro 35, Taiwan Grass 36, Euphorbia angustifolia

37. Manila grass 38, Bermudagrass 39, ryegrass 40, tall fescue grass

There are also some commonly used plants:

1. Bodhi banyan 2, alpine banyan 3, Shuishi banyan 4, Fengling flower 5, National Day flower 6, sausage tree

7. Iron knife wood 8, hanging melon tree 9, Thailand rhubarb flower ball 10, golden willow

11. Cassia 12, Robinia pseudoacacia 13, Sakura 14, Shuiweng 15, Magnolia mandshurica

16. Hainan Shajin 17, Flowers 18, Hainan Hongdou 19, mahogany

Nanyang Gui 21, sandalwood Gui 22, Autumn Gui 23, Laurel 24, Old Kui 25, Phyllostachys pubescens

26. Indian yellow (purple) sandalwood 27, red sandalwood 28, mountain tube orchid 29, Leizhou banyan 30, cat tail wood

Common garden plants in South China

1. Evergreen trees

Norfolk Southern Cryptomeria, Kenn's Southern Cryptomeria, Cryptomeria fortunei, Pinus elliottii, Pinus massoniana, Pinus elliottii, Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, Peach, Hainan Peach, Autumn Maple, Taiwan Acacia, Red sandalwood, small Leaf Banyan, Alpine Banyan, Ficus, Banyan, Chestnut, mahogany, Dylan peach, potted shelf, olive, benevolent tree, banyan tree Small leaf olive kernel, wood pineapple, even fog, face, pistachio, neem, Casuarina equisetifolia, white orchid, night flower, firewood, small leaf Duying, Magnolia, yellow hibiscus, mango, longan, litchi, olive, loquat, bayberry, grapefruit, water banyan, Luohansong, dragon cypress, bamboo cypress, sweet-scented osmanthus, osmanthus, smile, Milan, camellia, banyan, butterfly fruit, oblique leaf banyan

2. Deciduous trees

Metasequoia, Taxodium, Cryptomeria fortunei, Pinus elliottii, Liriodendron mandshurica, Liriodendron chinense, Liriodendron chinensis, Leucaena leucocephala, Maple incense, weeping Willow, hanging Gua Tree, Tuanhua, Silver Birch, Park Tree, No-trouble son, Coptis chinensis, neem, Sapium sebiferum, Moutong, Ginkgo biloba, Apple Po, Persimmon, Fig, Mulberry, Papaya, Guava, Red Maple, Acacia

3. Palms

Fake betel nut, king coconut, king coconut, wine bottle coconut, stick coconut, triangular coconut, fox tail coconut, queen sunflower, oil palm, sugar palm, big silk sunflower, Washington palm, Canadian sea jujube, Middle East sea jujube, Elank jujube, sunflower, Dong palm, sugar coconut, spiny sunflower, soft leaf sunflower, three medicine betel nut, green palm, fragrant palm, long-spiked fish-tail sunflower, short-spiked fishtail sunflower, loose-tailed sunflower, palm, plantain, tourist plantain, Zhu plantain, Brown bamboo, fine-leaf brown bamboo, Nikolai crane orchid, red handle happy forest taro, false sea taro

4. Foliage shrubs

Golden leaf banyan, golden banyan, Qin leaf banyan, willow leaf banyan, Fumu, Reed bamboo, weeping branch Dark Luo, red thorn tree, Haitong, flower leaf Fu mulberry, cycad, red thousand layer, woody night incense, pretty yellow clover, golden vein juniper bed, star anise plate, ground cypress, flower leaf cassava, southern bamboo, goose palm wood, flower leaf goose palm wood, pepper wood, red back cinnamon, red mulberry, Japanese clove, forsythia, flower and leaf forsythia, yellow leaf false forsythia, Jiuli incense, Euphorbia mandshurica, Euphorbia angustifolia, Amorphophallus, Spring feather, Tortoise back Bamboo, Euphorbia angustifolia, Caulownia, thick Leaf Stone spot, Colored Leaf Mountain Lacquer Stem, Ceylon Leaf Pearl, Rose

5. Flowering shrubs

African jasmine, mandarin duck jasmine, thin jasmine, hibiscus, Fusang, chandelier, hanging bell, poinsettia, plum, Gardenia jasminoides, hydrangea, red bract, wild peony, safflower, mandolin, white paper fan, red paper fan, yellow cicada, rhododendron, double-pod cassia, hard bone Lingxiao, myrtle, dragon boat flower, Phoenix tail pearl, Yunnan yellow Jasmine, jasmine, Wenshilan,

Spider orchid, crab claw flower, dwarf canna, Shihai pepper, Qin leaf coral, blue snowflake, blue star flower, Tibetan butterfly

6. Ground cover

Purple back bamboo taro, synthetic fruit taro, white butterfly fruit taro, green apple, hanging bamboo plum, kidney fern, cold water flower, small clam orchid, white crane taro, safflower Lantana, safflower Lantana, yellow flower Lantana, purple flower Lantana, silver chrysanthemum, dragon spit bead, shrimp clothes flower, firecracker red, Tianmen winter, seaside evening primrose, saddle vine, ivy, lotus, ginger flower, dry umbrella grass, papyracea, iris, thousand qu vegetables, daffodils, lotus, water lily, water lily, dry umbrella grass Trifid chrysanthemum, safflower pulp grass, Brazilian peanut vine, calla, purple silk amaranth, round leaf amaranth, colored leaf grass, fine leaf cherry, red and green grass, onion orchid, leek orchid, red top red, lily, calla lily, Catharanthus roseus, false thrift grass, Manila grass, camellia grass, Bermuda grass, big leaf oil grass, zebra blunt grass, Baishi grass, short leaf Ophiopogon japonicus

7. Fujimoto

Big flower old duck bill, make gentleman, coral vine, Parthenocissus, firecracker flower, white flower oil sesame vine, beautiful Zhengtong, wisteria, Pili, turnip, morning glory, maple leaf morning glory, snake vine, plain square flower, big flower horse petals, garlic vine, wood rose, Lianlian, passionflower

Part 7: "document on the configuration of Common plants in South China"

Practical table of plant configuration-brief table of common plant configuration

Aquatic plants:

Wet plants: dry willow, weeping willow, cotton willow, sand willow, artemisia willow, soap willow, small leaf poplar, Liaoning poplar, sand cypress, round cypress, Platycladus orientalis, metasequoia, neem, maple poplar, ash, forsythia, elm, split leaf elm, pumpkin elm, Chinese tallow, cherry blossom, Eucommia ulmoides, Luan tree, hibiscus, hibiscus, oleander, Parthenocissus, grape, wisteria, acacia, Tamarix, buttercup, water hyacinth seedling, long leaf alkali hair, marsh willow leaf, willow leaf lai, Mao Su, Mao Su Fructus thunbergii, peppermint, fresh vegetable, mother-in-law, watercress, watercress, water sedge, water sedge, flower sedge, squash, red phosphates, bamboo rushes, rushes, small rushes, fine rushes, flat storage, common Polygonum, red Polygonum, tufted Polygonum, Polygonum polygonum, Polygonum willow, Polygonum polygonum, Rhizoma Polygoni, Polygonum officinalis, Polygonum officinalis, Polygonum cuspidatum, Polygonum cuspidatum. Euphorbia angustifolia, Rabdosia angustifolia, long Awn stick head, Wild Ancient Grass, Reed, Coix, Verbena, Wet plaque Bud,

Water-standing plants: spring onion, Reed, lotus root, mushroom, broad-leaf moss, alisma, lotus, Euphorbia angustifolia, cattail, Hedyotis diffusa, rainy flower, calamus, barracuda, rice, water pen, daffodil, water celery, Zizania caduciflora, taro, field grass, Reed, water chestnut, Jing trigonous, needle, water candle, umbrella sedge, broad-leaf cattail

Floating plants: duckweed, water hyacinth, water lily, Euryale seed, Wang lotus, Pingpeng grass, water hyacinth, water shield, raccoon, floating fern, keel petal,

Submerged plant: goldfish algae, in front of the water wheel

Color-leaf plants:

Red or purple: maple incense, lacquer tree, chicken claw maple, tea striped maple, southern snake vine, red oak, maple, tallow, torch tree, salt skin wood, Juglans mandshurica, southern Tianzhu, Wei spear, Hawthorn, Coptis chinensis, maple poplar, Berberis, Hubei goose ear poplar, Parthenocissus chinensis

Golden or yellowish brown: ginkgo, persimmon, Koeluan, goose palm autumn, sycamore, elm, walnut, catalpa, metasequoia, crape myrtle, elm, nan tree, sour jujube, kiwifruit, seven-leaf tree, water elm, wax plum, pomegranate, yellow locust, witch hazel, free from disease, acacia

Aromatic plants:

The aromatic plants that can be planted in residential areas are: peppermint, basil, bee flower, chamomile, lemon grass, sage, dandelion, marigold, thyme, chicory, geranium, mallow and other herbs, lavender, rosemary, gardenia, rose, lemon verbena and other shrubs.

The four seasons take turns fragrant woody plant configuration such as: spring plum blossom, orange blossom; summer gardenia, white orchid; autumn sweet-scented osmanthus and winter wax plum.

Anti-pollution and anti-exhaust plants: Robinia pseudoacacia, paulownia, white pine, juniper, coral tree, heather, Haitong, star anise gold plate, etc.

Nitrogen-fixing plants: Robinia pseudoacacia, honeysuckle, acacia, Caragana, soybean, Huzhizi, sweet sweet pea, red bayberry, Elaeagnus cycads.

Honey source to attract birds and butterflies plants: dwarf yew, rohan pine, Torreya grandis, tortoise torreya torreya, tortoise torreya torreya, camphor, Yangmei, Yangmei, peach, leaf coral, firethorn, yellow pod, Haitong, Jinpan and other large-leaf intoxicated fish grass and Coptis chinensis other fragrant flowers (such as citrus plants of Rutaceae)

Perennial (persistent root) flowers: torch flower (torch lotus) feather fan bean blue fescue falling bride golden chicken chrysanthemum passing by yellow chicken chrysanthemum passing by yellow chicken chrysanthemum, large flower okra, peppermint, red flower, thistle leaf chrysanthemum iron chopsticks, garlic, day lily, Iris, purple dew grass, hairpin, flower leaf, canna, red leaf, canna, Dutch chrysanthemum, big Wu wind grass, Bletilla striata, persistent root beauty

Flowers and trees of the four seasons:

Spring: all kinds of cherry blossoms (morning cherry, evening cherry, weeping cherry, etc.), all kinds of begonia (Xifu begonia, papaya begonia, stick stem begonia, etc.), Magnoliaceae (Magnolia, Michelia, Michelia, etc.), Bauhinia, Red leaves, etc.

Plums, peach blossoms, camellias, primroses, cloves and so on.

Summer: crape myrtle, hibiscus, eight immortal flowers, Michelia, summer cuckoo, pomegranate (flower), gardenia, Lingxiao, acacia, acacia autumn: sweet-scented osmanthus, crape myrtle, hibiscus, pomegranate, hibiscus, Lingxiao, etc.

Honeysuckle, Phyllostachys pubescens, Plum Blossom, Michelia, Camellia, Camellia, etc.

Classification of common greening tree species:

(1) evergreen conifers

1. Trees: Cedar, Korean pine, black pine, dragon cypress, Masson pine, cypress, cycad, Nanyang fir, Cryptomeria fortunei, Torreya grandis

two。 Shrubs: (Luohan pine), cypress, cypress, creeping cypress, Japanese Cryptomeria fortunei, five-needle pine

(2) deciduous conifers (no shrubs):

Trees: Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Pinus elliottii, Cryptomeria fortunei, Cryptomeria fortunei

(3) evergreen broad-leaved trees:

1. Trees: camphor, magnolia, privet, palm

two。 Shrubs: coral tree, big leaf yellow poplar, melon seed yellow poplar, sparrow tongue yellow poplar, wolfbone, orange tree, heather, Haitong, sweet-scented osmanthus, oleander, Huang Xin, Yingchun, golden coral, Phyllostachys pubescens, June snow, lobular privet, star anise plate, gardenia, mosquito mother, camellia, hypericum, rhododendron, silk orchid (polo flower, arrow hemp), cycad (iron tree), ten great efforts

(4) deciduous broad-leaved trees:

1. Trees: weeping willow, straight willow, maple poplar, dragon claw willow, Sapium sebiferum, Sophora japonica, Qingtong.

Paulownia, Platycladus orientalis (French sycamore), Sophora locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), Robinia pseudoacacia, Albizia, Ginkgo biloba, neem (neem), catalpa

two。 Shrubs: Cherry blossom, Magnolia, peach blossom, wax plum, crape myrtle, bauhinia, Qi tree, green maple, red leaf plum, sticking begonia, bell hanging begonia, eight immortal flowers, hemp leaf hydrangea, golden bell flower (gold bar), hibiscus (hibiscus), mountain hemp pole (Guiyuan tree), pomegranate

(5) Bamboo: Cixiao bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Guanyin bamboo, Phoenix tail bamboo, Buddha belly bamboo, gold inlaid Jasper bamboo

(6) Fujimoto: wisteria, Luoshi, Dijin (Parthenocissus, Parthenocissus), ivy, grapevine, Fufang vine

(7) Flowers: sunflower, everlasting chrysanthemum, red, canna, amaranth, cabbage, chrysanthemum, orchid

(8) Lawn: velvet grass, Zoysia grass, Ophiopogon japonicus, four seasons grass, tall fescue, Manila grass, clover, horseshoe Jin

Detailed list of common plant configuration

Commonly used street tree table

Tree features of nomenclature family

Camphor Cinnamomun camphcra large evergreen trees of the family Lauraceae, with alternate leaves, Ternate veins, two aromas and globose berries.

Platanus Platanus x acerifolia Egg-shaped like warm, anti-pollution, resistant to pruning. The crown is big and shady, so it is suitable for street trees and courtyard shade trees.

Maple Liquidamdar formosana Hance. Conical deciduous tree of the family Hamamelidaceae, having smooth gray bark, triangular leaves, slow growth and beautiful appearance.

Phoenix wood Delonix regia Raffin haemataceae umbrella-shaped positive, like warm and hot climate, not cold-resistant, fast-growing, anti-pollution, wind-resistant; beautiful red flowers, florescence from May to August

The umbrella-shaped pollen of the mimosa family of Albizia julibrissin is red, from June to July, it is suitable for ornamental trees and street trees.

Acacia Albizia farnesiana Wild. Umbrella-shaped deciduous subtrees of the mimosa family, fast-growing, dense branches and leaves, golden flowers and excellent tree potential

Weeping willow Salix babylonica Linn. The umbrella-shaped deciduous subtree of Salicaceae, suitable for low temperature, luxuriant and rapid growth, and beautiful tree appearance.

Banyan Ficus retusa Linn.. Spherical deciduous tree of Moraceae, having a broad crown, fast-growing and strong canopy, suitable for all kinds of pruning

Camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora Ness. Spherical evergreen tree of the family Lauraceae, having a broad, large round crown, strong growth and beautiful appearance.

Pukui Livitonia chinensis R.Br. The umbrella tree of Palmaceae is erect with dark green leaves, strong growth and beautiful posture.

Longan tree Euphoria longana Lanark. The round evergreen trees of the disease-free family have a round crown, strong canopy, slow growth and beautiful posture.

Azadirachta azedarach Melia azedarach Linn. Umbrella-shaped deciduous tree of the family Azadirachaceae, having a fast-growing, deformed crown, slightly umbrella-shaped, and lilac flowers.

Sycamore Sterculia platanifolia L. Umbrella-shaped evergreen trees of the family Polygonaceae, having broad leaves, rapid growth, erect young, and scattered crowns of the eldest.

Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. Umbrella-shaped evergreen trees of the family Shouma, with large, thin leaves, scattered branches, umbrella-shaped crown and beautiful posture.

Red poplar Alnus formosana Makino. Fagaceae umbrella-shaped evergreen tree, able to withstand heat and humidity, uncomfortable on dry land and hard soil, tall and beautiful

Faxinus insularis Hemsl. Oleaceae umbrella-shaped evergreen trees, strong, fast-growing, graceful leaf-shaped southern fir Araucaria cuninghamii coniferous evergreen coniferous trees, positive, like warm and hot climate, not cold-resistant, like fertilizer, fast growth, narrow conical crown, graceful posture

Qinghai spruce Picea carassifolia Pinaceae tower-shaped evergreen coniferous tree, neutral, shallow root, suitable for Northwest China

Pinus koraiensis Pinus koraiensis tower-shaped evergreen conifers, weakly positive, like cold, cool, humid climate and acid soil, needles blue-green

Round cypress (juniper) Sabina chinensis conical evergreen coniferous tree, positive, young trees slightly tolerant to shade, drought and barren, cold, slightly resistant to moisture, pruning, dustproof and sound insulation

Magnolia Magnolia grandiflora L. Ovoid evergreen tree of the family Magnoliaceae with fragrant white flowers and graceful tree shape

Acacia Acacia confusa Merr. Leguminous umbrella-shaped evergreen trees having smooth bark when young, rough when the eldest, curved trunk and strong growth

Sea jujube Phoenix dactylifera L. Palmaceae pinnate evergreen broad-leaved tree with bifurcated trunk, strong heat resistance, strong growth and beautiful posture

Long-leaf sunflower (Canary jujube) Phoenix dactylifera pinnately evergreen broad-leaved tree of the family Palmaceae, having a stout trunk, tall and majestic, and densely spreading pinnate leaves

Wang Brown (King Coconut) Oreodoxa regia H.B.K. Palm family umbrella-shaped single-stem erect, up to 18m high, slightly hypertrophy in the central part, pinnately compound leaves, strong vitality and great ornamental value

Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo biloba, umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of Ginkgo biloba, having yellow autumn leaves, cold tolerance, deep roots, resistance to stagnant water, resistance to a variety of poisonous gases

Liriodendron (Liriodendron) Liriodendron chinense umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of Magnoliaceae, like warm and humid climate, strong resistance, fertile acid soil, rapid growth, long life, leaves similar to mandarin, yellow-green flowers, large and beautiful.

Chinese white poplar Populus tomentosa umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of Populus tomentosa, like warm and cool climate, anti-pollution, deep roots, fast-growing, long life; straight tree shape, straight trunk, gray-white bark

Populus tomentosa Populus nigra var. Italica Salicaceae narrow cylindrical deciduous broad-leaved tree, cold-resistant and drought-resistant, slightly resistant to saline-alkali and water humidity, and growing fast.

Ulmus parvifolia Ulmaceae umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree, like warm and humid climate, resistant to drought and barren, deep-rooted, fast-growing, long life, resistant to smoke and dust, strong dust retention ability

Feather-leaf maple (double-leaf maple) Acer negundo umbrella deciduous broad-leaved tree, like fertile soil and cool and humid climate, smoke and dust resistance, dry and cold resistance, light saline-alkali resistance, pruning resistance, autumn leaf yellow {conservation measures of southern plant sea jujube.

Commonly used landscape tree property table

Tree features of nomenclature family

Camphor Cinnamomun camphcra large evergreen trees of the family Lauraceae, with alternate leaves, Ternate veins, two aromas and globose berries.

Platanus Platanus x acerifolia Egg-shaped like warm, anti-pollution, resistant to pruning. The crown is big and shady, so it is suitable for street trees and courtyard shade trees.

Magnolia Magnolia grandiflora L. Ovoid evergreen tree of the family Magnoliaceae with fragrant white flowers and graceful tree shape

Magnolia Magnolia denudata umbrella shape is quite hardy, afraid of stagnant water. The flowers are white and blossom from March to April. Suitable for garden viewing.

Liriodendron (Liriodendron) Liriodendron chinense umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of Magnoliaceae, like warm and humid climate, strong resistance, fertile acid soil, rapid growth, long life, leaves similar to mandarin, yellow-green flowers, large and beautiful.

Platycladus orientalis Thuja orientalis Linn conical evergreen tree, neatly shaped when young, often curved when the eldest, strong growth, long life, beautiful tree

Faxinus insularis Hemsl. Oleaceae round evergreen tree, strong, rapid growth, beautiful leaf shape Chongyang Bischoffia javanica Blanco Euphorbiaceae round evergreen tree, young leaves sprouting, very beautiful, strong growth, beautiful tree

Weeping willow Salix babylonica Linn. The umbrella-shaped deciduous subtree of Salicaceae, suitable for low temperature, luxuriant and rapid growth, and beautiful tree appearance.

Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz cypress umbrella-shaped evergreen trees with grayish brown bark irregularly longitudinally lobed; branchlets alternate green when young flattened.

Dawang coconut Roystonea regia Palmaceae umbrella-shaped erect, up to 18m high, slightly hypertrophy in the central part, pinnately compound leaves, strong vitality and great ornamental value

Euonymus tomentosa Euonymus japonica is ovoid in warm and humid climate, resistant to poisonous gases. Watch the leaves. Suitable for hedgerow and basic planting.

Maple Liquidamdar formosana Hance. Conical deciduous tree of the family Hamamelidaceae, having smooth gray bark, triangular leaves, slow growth and beautiful appearance.

Maple poplar Pterocarya stenoptera Walnut has strong umbrella adaptability, moisture resistance and fast growth. Suitable for shade trees, street trees and bank protection trees

Evergreen creeping dwarf shrub of the family Sabina procumbens, with branches climbing to the ground and leaves with spiny leaves. Slow growth, unique tree style, green and smooth branches. The suitable land is beautified around the courtyard stone, pool, sand pit, slope and so on. {maintenance measures of southern plant sea jujube.

Duranta repens round evergreen shrubs of Verbenaceae. Suitable for large potted plants, flower beds and hedges. Yellow leaf forsythia is mainly for viewing leaves and has a wide range of uses. it can be used for ground cover, trimming modeling, forming patterns or emphasizing color matching. Chinese wolfberry Ilex cornuta is round and resistant to poisonous gases and grows slowly. Green leaves and red fruits are very beautiful. Suitable for basic planting. Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. Umbrella-shaped evergreen trees of the family Shouma, having large, thin leaves, scattered branches and beautiful posture

Ulmus parvifolia Ulmaceae umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree, like warm and humid climate, resistant to drought and barren, deep-rooted, fast-growing, long life, resistant to smoke and dust, strong dust retention ability

A conical evergreen middle tree of Juniperus Chinensis Linn cypress family, having dense dark green branches, strong growth, suitable for pruning and beautiful posture.

The round white flower of Pittosporum tobira family is fragrant and blossoms in May. Suitable for basic planting, hedges or potted plants. Sea jujube Phoenix dactylifera Linn has umbrella-shaped dry tillering, up to 20-25m high, gray-white leaves with curved bow, strong growth and beautiful trees.

The umbrella shape of Salix matsudana Willow is suitable for shade trees, street trees and bank protection trees.

The umbrella-shaped pollen of the mimosa family of Albizia julibrissin is red, from June to July, it is suitable for ornamental trees and street trees.

Black pine Pinus Thumbergii Porl. Conical evergreen trees of the family Pinaceae, having grayish brown bark, orange-yellow branchlets, hard two-tufted leaves and long life

Red leaf plum Prunus cerasifera. F.arropurpurea small deciduous umbrella-shaped tree of the Rosaceae, having smooth, reddish-brown branchlets, ovate leaves, all-purplish red, light pink flowers in April, and purple drupes. It is suitable to plant alone and in groups, setting off the background.

Washington Palm Washingtonia filifera Wend. Palmaceae umbrella-shaped single trunk cylindrical, base hypertrophy, as high as 4cm 8m, fan-shaped round leaves, healthy growth, beautiful tree posture {conservation measures of southern plant sea jujube.

Sophora japonica Leguminosae has dense umbrella-shaped branches and broad crown, so it is suitable for shade and street trees.

Huanghuai Cassia glauca Lam. Round deciduous tree of the family Leguminosae having even-pinnately compound leaves and yellow flowers and fast-growing beautiful trees

Feather-leaf maple (double-leaf maple) Acer negundo umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of the family Aceraceae, like fertile soil and cool and humid climate, resistant to smoke, dry and cold, light saline-alkali, pruning, yellow autumn leaves

Acer palmatum Aceraceae has beautiful umbrella-shaped leaves with red autumn leaves. It is suitable for garden viewing and potted plants.

Pseudolarix amabilis Rehd. Pinaceae ovoid tower-shaped evergreen trees, branches and leaves sparse, leaves strip-shaped, long branches alternate, leaflets radial, tree posture strong and straight.

Wine bottle coconut Hyophorbe amaricaulis Mart. Palmaceae umbrella-shaped dry height of about 3 m, the base oval hypertrophy, forming a wine bottle, the posture is very beautiful

Orange tree Citrus reticulata Rutaceae round flowers white, fruit yellowish green, fragrant. Suitable for cluster planting.

Melia azedarch Linn. Round deciduous tree of the family azadirachaceae, having grayish brown bark, bifurcate odd, pinnately compound leaves, purple flowers, and rapid growth.

Serissa serissoides round evergreen shrubs of Rubiaceae. The leaves are dark green, the flowers are snow-white and slightly pink. Slender branches and leaves, good texture, suitable for potted plants, hedges, ground covers, flower beds, pruning shapes.

Juniperus chinensis var. Kaituka, Hort Cypress erect tower-shaped evergreen middle trees, dense branches, dark green, strong growth, long life, beautiful posture

S. J. cv. Pendula leguminous umbrella-shaped branches drooping, suitable for garden ornamental, opposite or row planting

S. M. cv. The round branches of Tortuosa Salicaceae are twisted like dragons, which are suitable for shade and ornamental trees.

Prince Robbie Phehix Roebelenii Brien. Palmaceae umbrella-shaped stem erect, 2m high, petiole thin and small, leaflets alternate, or opposite, is an excellent variety of beautiful leaves.

Podocaarpus macrophyllus D. Don long conical evergreen trees of the family Luohansong, elegant and elegant, can be trimmed into high-grade bonsai materials, or shaped into circles, cones and layers for landscaping.

Masson pine Pinus massoniana Lamb. Umbrella-shaped evergreen trees of Pinaceae having reddish-brown dry skins and brown winter buds. The tree is majestic.

South Nandina domestica berberaceae umbrella-shaped branches and leaves are beautiful, autumn and winter red fruit; garden ornamental, can be planted in clusters or pots. Araucaria ecelsa Br. Conical evergreen coniferous trees of Taxodiaceae, having whorled branches, drooping lower parts, dark green leaves, beautiful appearance and strong growth

Ligustrum lucidum Ligustrum lucidum. Oleaceae ovate flowers white, flowering in June. Suitable for hedges or street trees.

Livistona chinensis R. Br. The umbrella-shaped stem of Palmaceae can be up to 612 m high, with round leaves, spiny edges of petiole, luxuriant growth and elegant posture.

Junlperus chinensis cv. Globosa. Broad-rounded shrubs of the cypress family, without trunk and clustered with branches.

Green maple Acer serrulatum Aceraceae umbrella-conical deciduous trees. Dry upright. The posture of the tree is light and soft, which can form a noble bonsai for elegant street trees, landscaped trees and forest bath trees.

B. bodinieri is suitable for ornamental garden because of its fine ovate branches and leaves. It can be planted in clusters, hedges or potted plants. Japanese Cryptomeria fortunei Cryptomeria japonica D. Don Taxodiaceae conical, ovate, round evergreen trees. The branches are whorled, euphemistic

Part 8: cultivation and Conservation of Palm plants

Palmaceae is a very characteristic evergreen plant in Monocotyledon class, its stem is solitary or tufted, erect or climbing; leaves gather at the top of the stem, developed roots, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, excellent effect in creating tropical landscape style. This edition will introduce its introduction, transplanting and disease control.

Brief introduction of introduction process

There are about 2400 species of palms belonging to 183 genera in the world, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical humid areas of the world. High temperature and high humidity are important conditions for the normal growth and development of most palm plants. a few palm plants have a unique ability to adapt to adverse environment, such as silver jujube (wild jujube) distributed in extremely arid areas on the edge of the desert. and many palm species that can endure flooding for a long time, such as swamp palm. Most palm plants are rich in fiber, tough stems, well-developed roots, and strong wind resistance, such as false betel nut and sunflower.

Since the 1940s, the landscape effect of palm plants has been recognized in the construction of many tropical and subtropical cities around the world, and they have been used as key varieties for urban greening and beautification, such as Miami in the United States, Jakarta in India, Bangkok in Thailand, and Cape Town and Singapore in South Africa.

Some garden companies in Guangdong began to introduce and apply palm plants since the early 1980s. Over the next two decades, southern provinces such as Guangxi, Fujian and Yunnan, as well as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Chongqing and Yunnan, have successively set off an upsurge of introduction, production and application of palms.

According to the theories of plant geography and ecology, several units headed by Guangdong Palm Garden Company observed and studied the growth and mortality of introduced and domesticated palms. It is found that the plants originating from the northern hemisphere generally have the potential of cold tolerance because of the ancient glacial climate, while the species native to high latitudes and high elevations in the southern hemisphere also have strong cold tolerance. Through the study of cold tolerance and cold tolerance mechanism of palm plants, researchers found that the main factors affecting introduction and domestication are temperature, light, humidity, moisture, soil and so on. The most significant role of temperature factor is to dominate the growth and development of plants, and low temperature in winter is the dominant factor affecting the success or failure of palm introduction and domestication; through the study of salt tolerance and shade tolerance of palms, researchers have selected a number of varieties with strong salt-alkali tolerance and shade tolerance; at the same time, through the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests such as palm Phytophthora, coconut leaf beetle and red palm weevil, the incidence of palm diseases and insect pests has been greatly reduced. In addition, the researchers also studied the mechanism of palm seed germination, summarized and invented the technology of palm seed germination, and mastered the techniques of full crown transplantation and large container seedling cultivation of palm plants. and effective work has been done on soil improvement, cold protection and conservation in winter.

At present, researchers have selected and popularized about 80 species of palm plants in South China, including Dawang coconut, sunflower, palm bamboo, southern coconut, fish-tail sunflower, and so on. More than 10 species of palm plants have been successfully applied in Shanghai and its surrounding areas, such as Budi coconut, Washington palm, Canary jujube, Washington coconut, and so on.

Take Washington Brown as an example.

Discussion on the occurrence and control of Phytophthora

Harm and general symptoms of Phytophthora palmiti

The disease is often harmful to palm plants such as coconut, sunflower, Washington brown, old sunflower, Canadian jujube, etc., the heart leaves of the diseased plant can not erupt normally, the new leaves shrink and wither, and in serious cases, the whole plant wilts. The pathogen of Phytophthora is caused by Phytophthora and can be identified by incubator. The pathogen overwintered mainly in the soil or on the remains of diseased plants. Germs spread through watering, rain splash, air flow and so on.

Incidence regularity of Phytophthora in Washington

The disease occurred during the period of high temperature and humidity in summer and autumn. Poor management before drought and rain or after transplanting, such as pouring water, soil water content

Plants that are suddenly elevated, poorly ventilated, or located in the tuyere are susceptible to disease. The disease is serious in low-lying, poor drainage and continuous cropping land. In addition, the disease is often related to serious root injury caused by digging seedlings and long-distance transportation.

When it occurs, the base of the undeveloped young heart leaves rot, and the leaves are grayish green and drooping, which can be pulled out with a little effort. Dissecting the stem, it can be seen that there are paste secretions and foul smell in the growing point and even the heart of the whole plant, and white mildew can grow in the susceptible tissue. Seriously affected plants often suffer from root damage, and the main symptoms are blackening and rotting of the roots.

Taste. The disease mainly occurs in the seedling stage and nursery, and the adult trees planted on the green space rarely occur.

Symptom

In recent years, the damage in the nursery is quite serious. At the initial stage of the disease, the yellowish-brown watery spot occurred near the ground, the spot expanded rapidly, slightly sunken, the surface was dense white cavernous mold when it was wet, and the disease part rotted and smelly. When the disease occurs on the leaves, the diseased part is yellowish brown and white mildew grows under wet conditions. When the disease occurred on the stem, it was dark green at first, then expanded, moist and softened, and the upper part of the stem withered in the later stage. The disease can harm the whole palm plant. Sometimes the roots and stems are cut open with purulent fluid exudation, and in severe cases, the veins of young leaves have a large number of gray-black mycelia. Phytophthora is a vascular bundle disease. In severe cases, the whole plant wilts, droops and dries up to death, and the mortality rate is high.

According to the investigation, the peak period of the disease is the period of high temperature and humidity, that is, the optimum temperature is 27 ℃ to 35 ℃. For example, in 2006, the onset period in the coastal areas near the Pearl River Delta was from July to October, from August to November in Xiamen, from June to September in Shanghai (also in early spring), and from August to November in the mountains in the western Pearl River Delta. However, the disease can be seen in all parts of the country from January to February after typhoon and rainstorm. Sometimes sporadic, sometimes in patches.

Prevention and cure method

1. Prevention of cultivation measures

1. Pay attention to the ventilation, dryness and drainage of the nursery, trim the leaves appropriately in autumn and winter every year, and dig holes and cultivate the soil to keep the nursery dry. Potassium fertilizer can be applied at ordinary times, quicklime and superphosphate can also be applied respectively to enhance plant tissue density and infection resistance and improve plant disease resistance.

two。 To select a good plot, it is necessary to choose loam or sandy loam land with high topography and good drainage for planting.

3. Rotation is implemented, requiring rotation for more than three to four years on land that has been planted with Washington brown.

4. Strengthen field management, increase the application of organic fertilizer, promote plant growth, deep roots and leaves, and improve resistance. Carry out high ridge (border) cultivation. Proper control of watering in the rainy season, timely drainage after rain, so that the rain is dry; timely watering in case of drought, flooding is strictly prohibited during watering, and carried out in sunny afternoon or evening.

5. Give priority to prevention and comprehensive prevention. Usually pay attention to observation, often prune dead branches and leaves, find diseased plants, clean them up in time, bury them deeply or burn them, and disinfect the diseased points with lime.

II. Chemical control

One or two months before and during the onset of summer, 64% alum wettable powder (1 ∶ 500 to 600), 80% aluminum ethyl phosphate (1 ∶ 400), or other dioxin, such as carbendazim, that is, Tushuxiao (common dosage is 600 to 700 times), stone sulfur mixture (1 ∶ 1 ∶ 100), dioxone (500 times), etc. Specific prevention and control methods: when transplanting Washington brown, first spray the planting site and Washington brown roots with 600 to 700 times solution of soil bacteria, or dig a pit to sterilize in the sun on a continuous sunny day, or sprinkle lime powder to disinfect, or disinfect the soil with 500 times solution of dimethazone.

After the typhoon, timely spray disinfectant alum (better) or ethyl phosphate aluminum (easy to produce drug resistance), add 0.4% washing powder to heart or spray prevention and treatment. It can also be sprayed with 80% mancozeb 700 times solution, once every 7 to 10 days, even two or three times, which can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of Phytophthora. After taking this measure, the incidence of Washington Brown and Mao Washington Brown in the Shanghai base of Guangdong Palm Garden Company has dropped from 20% in 2004 to less than 10%.

Experience of prevention and treatment

The control effect of carbendazim is not obvious. At the initial stage of the disease, if all the leaves are cut off and transplanted elsewhere, about 30% of the plants can be revived one after another after 2 to 3 years, but the growth is poor.

It is understood that the disease rarely occurs in high-temperature and dry areas such as Los Angeles, so the disease is related to high temperature and humidity, and it is infected through surface water, groundwater and Rain Water. When the roots, trunks and leaves of the plant are damaged, the bacteria invade and multiply in large quantities when the water is sufficient, which eventually leads to the blockage of vascular conducting tissue and the loss of water and wilting and death of the plant. In fact, the heart rot introduced in the literature is also Phytophthora, but it occurs in the heart lobe.

The disease is different from anthrax, which occurs in leaves, appears watery spots, and then expands into larger spots, which is easy to be found. generally, carbendazim and other agents can be used for prevention and treatment. As for leaf spot disease, it refers to the disease on leaves, the common pathogens are leaf spot mold, Alternaria, and so on, which often cause leaf blight, but anthracnose and leaf spot rarely cause plant death. Technique of transplanting large seedlings of single stem

Preparation before transplantation

l. The roots of the seedlings to be transplanted were cut in advance, the size of the soil ball was twice the diameter of the ground, and the depth of the roots was 50 cm to 60 cm. The broken root soil should be backfilled in time after removing stones and broken roots, and do a good job of moisturizing: the purpose is to calcine the adaptability of seedlings and tend to grow new roots. After cutting the root, it is best to retain it for more than 30 days, and not transplant until the new root begins to germinate. If the use of false planting seedlings, the effect is better.

two。 Dig holes and prepare for ploughing. The planting site is burrowed 20 days before transplantation, and the size of the hole is generally 1.5 times that of the earth ball. When the burrowed soil is exposed to the sun in the open air for a period of time, it is best to use pre-prepared mixed soil: pond mud + farm manure or mushroom soil + appropriate amount of mature phosphate fertilizer + appropriate amount of river sand, sand ∶ mud is 4 ∶ 6.

Planting time

The Pearl River Delta region can be transplanted throughout the year, preferably in spring and autumn, and try to avoid summer and winter, especially in January and July. Palm plants mostly like temperature and humidity, the summer air temperature is high, and the seedlings evaporate quickly, which is easy to cause too much water loss and affect survival; in winter, the temperature is low, there is even frost in some places, and the strong north wind is easy to cause frostbite or even freeze to death of seedlings.

Transplanting seedlings

The stem of some single-stem palm seedlings is thicker, the workload of transplanting is heavy, and the seedlings are easy to be injured, so it is necessary to use gunny bags or straw to cover the trunk, especially the green trunk at the boundary between the trunk and petiole. One is to protect and expand the tree trunk, and the other is to moisturize and protect against the sun. In addition, the seedlings are combined with pruning leaves to remove old leaves and retain 40% to 45% of the leaves (depending on the strength of the tree). At the same time, cut off the leaf and petiole to reduce the evaporation of water.

Planting

The seedlings had better be planted on the same day. If the time is too long, the water evaporation of the seedlings is large, and it is easy to survive due to water loss. If you can't finish planting on the same day, cover it with a shade net and spray a small amount of water on the leaves every day to shade and moisturize.

1. Return to the soil to set the position of the seedlings, that is, to return to the soil. When you return the soil to half the height of the earth ball, the loose soil will be compacted first. After returning to the soil, the mound is made into a "water storage basin" with a slightly higher surrounding and a slightly lower middle to facilitate water retention and moisturizing.

two。 Immediately after dripping water back to the soil, immediately drench the root water, before dripping water, use bamboo sticks to insert the loose soil around the soil ball, until the loose soil no longer sinks.

3. There are many kinds of fixed supports, and the triangular support made of three bamboo poles is the most economical and practical one. The height of the binding is at 2 stroke 3 of the trunk.

Post-planting management

l. Moisturizing spray leaf and trunk bandage twice a day, except in rainy days, to spray wet leaf and trunk bandage. The roots are not drenched with water, because there is excess water flowing down, and the stagnant water causes rotten roots. Cover straw around the tree head to prevent the soil from hardening caused by excessive soil temperature difference, and keep the soil around the soil ball loose, moist and aerated, which is conducive to the germination of new roots.

two。 Fangfeng is generally tall because the large seedlings of single-stem palm plants are generally high, and they are often affected by thunderstorms and strong winds after transplantation, so it is necessary to regularly check whether the support is loose after planting, especially if you find that the trunk is tilted after the gale.

3. About a month after topdressing, urea water can be used as extra-root topdressing, spray, topdressing time about half a month. After the first new leaf is grown and ripe, dig holes and fertilize with fully mature peanut bran. The hole-digging position is outside the edge of the soil ball to open a circular trench with a width and depth of 30 cm, and the fertilizer and backfill should be mixed evenly.

4. Because of the relatively weak tree potential, the newly transplanted single-stem palm seedlings are extremely vulnerable to diseases and insect pests, especially young leaves and heart leaves. Insecticidal can be killed with 5% methamidophos and 5% omethoate. At present, the invasive pest "coconut leaf beetle" is very harmful to palm plants. Adults and larvae concentrate on the foliage of heart leaves that have not yet been unfolded, resulting in the death of some or all of the newly extracted leaves and slow growth of the damaged plants. even withered. There are the following prevention and control methods: ① 81% marathon emulsion 1000 times, ② cypermethrin 500x solution, ③ use of "coconut Jiaqing", can achieve a good control effect. According to the actual operation, the author thinks that the most simple, convenient and long-term method is to combine with binding "Coconut Jia Qing" to prevent and cure it on the heart leaves.

About a month after planting, palm science university seedlings can determine whether they survive according to whether their leaves remain green or not, but in order to really determine their survival, it is generally necessary to wait for a growing season and take whether they have sent out new shoots and roots as the standard. After the author adopts the above transplanting techniques, the transplanting survival rate is increased from 75% to more than 90%, and the above techniques are highly operational, so it is necessary to popularize and apply them.

Transplanting techniques of seedlings, big trees and clump seedlings

Key techniques of seedling transplanting

Palm plants are most suitable for transplanting within a period of time after they germinate and take root. At this time, the seedlings are small and can be transplanted with seeds. in addition, there are few whisker roots, so it is not easy to damage the roots when transplanting seedlings. Using nutrition bag to raise seedlings, the size depends on the time of cultivating seedlings. Generally speaking, it is appropriate to use 16 cm × 18 cm container for 1-year-old seedlings and 19 cm × 20 cm for 2-year-old seedlings. Too small nutrition bag is not conducive to the rapid growth of seedlings. Loose topsoil, burning soil and wheat bran were mixed with a small amount of phosphate fertilizer according to the ratio of 5 ∶ 2 ∶ 1, and then bagged. First put in half a bag of mixed soil and then release the seedlings, then straighten the seedlings and compact them, so that the roots of the seedlings are close to the mixed soil and drenched through water. Palm plants should not be planted too deep, otherwise the growth of seedlings will be affected. When it is too deep, the seedlings should be lifted up to make the roots of the seedlings expand.

Key techniques for transplanting big trees

Palm plants are cultivated in the nursery for 5 to 10 years, and most of them need to be transplanted in separate beds for several times, so sparse planting and strong seedlings are selected, and the survival rate is higher.

To reduce the damage to the root group, the root tissue of palm plants is young, and there are many lateral roots and capillary roots. When digging, they should take large soil balls as much as possible and prevent them from loosening and cracking. The course of root injury should be reduced to a minimum in order to maintain normal respiration and water absorption and improve the survival rate of transplantation. During the construction, the line should be accurately laid out and the hole should be determined to avoid overwork and prevent the soil ball from being loose.

The amount of leaves retained in leaf pruning and transplanting should be comprehensively determined according to different species, climate at the time of transplantation, transplantation and maintenance conditions.

Generally, about 40% of the original number of leaves should be retained. Too many leaves will lead to withered and yellow leaves due to large water evaporation; if there are too few leaves, the plant recovery is difficult and the cycle is long, and the initial landscape effect is not good.

In the process of digging, transporting, loading and unloading the stem and its pseudostem, the stem should be protected from damage, and the part of the pseudostem should not be squeezed and bent, which is the guarantee of plant health and rejuvenation as soon as possible.

Palm plants in the newly planted soil will damage the root tip during transplantation, and it is difficult to germinate new root tip within one month after transplantation, so the water absorption capacity is weak. At this time, good water permeability and air permeability of the soil is conducive to the survival of seedlings, so large holes should be dug and attention should be paid to the quality of guest soil, and peat soil and compound fertilizer should be added to facilitate recovery after palm planting.

Maintenance within one month after planting, the adaptability of the plant is poor, to deal with the careful maintenance of seedlings, must be timely replenishment of water, proper shade, and strive to make it have new leaves to sprout within three months. If there is a rainy climate for several consecutive days after transplanting, palm seedlings will recover better because they can avoid the influence of adverse factors such as hot sun on rainy days.

Key techniques for transplanting large-scale clustered seedlings

The tufted species of Palmaceae have multiple growing points and can grow new roots more quickly after transplanting. However, tufted palms also have some disadvantages, such as large water evaporation due to trunk weight and large leaf area, and being vulnerable to strong winds because of poor air permeability. Therefore, in addition to the disposal according to the transplantation of dry palms, the following technical measures should be added:

1. After the implementation of the "hairy root method" transplantation, after digging up the larger soil balls, use a small shovel to remove part of the soil along the outer edge of the soil balls, retain more fibrous roots and moderate soil balls, and immediately outsource moisturizing lightweight materials to reduce the weight of the soil balls and ensure survival. For example, this method can be used for the transplantation of clump palms with slow recovery, such as fishbone sunflower and betel nut.

two。 The implementation of bare root pseudo-planting or pot planting concentrated maintenance until the new root germination, plant stability before formal planting. This method is suitable for rough tufted palms such as loose-tailed sunflower, strange wrinkle palm and Hawaiian coconut, which can reduce freight and facilitate construction.

In short, the transplantation of large seedlings and big trees of palm plants is to grasp five aspects, namely: selecting strong seedlings; digging soil balls and carefully transplanting seeds; moderately pruning leaves; doing a good job of ventilation and drainage of planting land; and sun protection and moisturizing after planting. The sign of the success of transplanting big seedlings and trees is that most of the leaves can be preserved and new leaves can be sprouted within half a year after planting, among which three healthy new leaves can be used as the complete success of the transplant.

Drainage: the hydrological condition of the planting land should be understood first, and the bottom of the soil ball should be placed at the position where the soil ball is 100-150CM above the perennial underground water level line and the soil layer is thick. at the same time, the underground soil ball root hydrophobic layer and the surface runoff drainage network should be done well to prevent the soil ball from accumulating water after planting. If the hydrological conditions can not meet the requirements, the method of throwing high soil balls can be adopted, that is, mixing fertile soil with loose medium or heaping high planting land with coarse sand to meet the above requirements as far as possible, and then placing the plant on the soil mound, and filling the soil ball with mixed loose soil or planting soil mixed with rot soil; remove debris from the soil around the planting site, or properly use loose medium to improve the soil, so as to achieve the condition of loosening and ventilating the root of the plant. Strengthen the inspection in the rainy season, dredge the drainage facilities and loosen the soil at the roots in time, so as to prevent waterlogging and drainage. Moisturizing: immediately after planting, the fixed root water should be irrigated to ensure that the root of the soil ball is moist and closely combined with the surrounding soil to promote the development of the root system, and then irrigate the soil ball three times in time to prevent the topsoil from cracking. In the hot summer, more water should be sprayed on the ground and canopy to increase the ambient temperature and reduce transpiration; the moisturizing treatment of the leaf surface includes: a, the newly planted seedlings should be properly built to reduce the transpiration area of the leaves; b, anti-transpiration agents should be properly sprayed on the leaves to inhibit the physiological metabolism of plants and reduce the physiological dehydration of plants. C. Under fine weather conditions, we should spray water to the leaves as much as possible, strengthen the water absorption of leaves and weaken transpiration; check the water status of soil balls and roots at any time and replenish water in time to ensure the moisture of soil balls and the permeability of root respiration. Fertilization: after planting, in addition to moisturizing the plant, foliar fertilizer with appropriate low concentration can be sprayed to strengthen the nutritional supplement after planting. Check the root germination status of the plant frequently, if it is found that the plant grows new roots, you can consider increasing root fertilization, generally choose the season when the monthly average temperature is higher than 20 ℃, apply organic fertilizer as much as possible, and properly apply compound fertilizer with high P and K content, so as to promote the nutritional balance of the plant and ensure its Shaanxi to restore healthy growth. Pest control: spraying medicine before the nursery comes out of the nursery, and after arriving at the construction site, it is also necessary to spray the plant before unloading, and to ensure that the plant is sprayed three times at intervals of one week to ten days after planting, and then it is necessary to formulate a reasonable pest control plan. Special

Part 9: "maintenance Program"

Shilien (Nanjing) Optoelectronics Co., Ltd.

Raise

Protect

Square

Case

Nanjing Gensen Flower and Tree Co., Ltd.

October 8, 2010

General situation of project

Shilien (Nanjing) Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. is located at No. 31 Hengfei Road, Nanjing Economic and technological Development Zone, with a green area of 28186 square meters. The greening plant configuration in the factory area is relatively reasonable, the color is rich, and the seasonal change is obvious, forming a hierarchical and natural ecological plant community, which basically shows the natural landscape of plants. The configuration of plant flowers, shrubs and hedges among factories makes each plant form different landscape styles. The factory has planted dozens of plant varieties, such as camphor, magnolia, beech, sweet-scented osmanthus, crape myrtle and so on, among which there are boulevards composed of camphor, ancient red maple, fruit pomegranate, Xifu begonia, ginkgo, Canadian jujube and other varieties.

In view of the existing situation of the greening landscape in the factory area, we think that the initial construction of greening is relatively extensive, and the understanding of plant habits is not enough, especially the replacement of planting soil in the greening land is not in place, and the garbage soil in some areas has not been replaced, resulting in poor plant growth.

Arrangement of greening maintenance plan

January (Lesser Cold, Greater Cold)

1. Fruit trees are shaped and pruned.

two。 Always pay attention to check cold-proof equipment, facilities and seedling cold-proof bandages.

3. Turn the land for winter ploughing and apply sufficient winter fertilizer.

4. Cut off the branches and leaves of withered, residual, disease and insect pests, and thoroughly remove the overwintering skin insect sac, stinging moth cocoon and latent overwintering insect pests.

February (the Beginning of Spring, Rain Water)

1. Continue to prune deciduous and fruit trees in winter.

two。 Continue to cut off the branches of diseases and insect pests, and pay attention to observe the occurrence of diseases and insect pests (such as cotton blowing scale, grass scale, etc.).

3. Continue to accumulate fertilizer and make compost, prepare culture soil, and continue to apply winter fertilizer to all kinds of deciduous trees. March (stinging, the Spring Equinox)

The weather is getting warmer and many diseases and insect pests are about to occur. It is necessary to maintain and repair all kinds of pest control and disease prevention equipment and prepare medicines. Pay attention to the occurrence of aphids and paramecium and control them in time. April (Qingming Festival, Grain Rain)

1. Do a good job in the prevention and control of scale insects, mites, ground tigers, aphid grubs, mole crickets and powdery mildew and rust.

two。 Do a good job of loosening soil, weeding, fertilizing before flowering and so on. Thin fertilizer should be applied to perennial root flowers and spring sowing grass flowers every week.

3. Do a good job of peeling and pruning trees. Remove superfluous buds and inappropriate branches at any time.

4. Dredge and repair the drainage system.

May (the Beginning of Summer, Lesser Fullness of Grain)

1. The shrubs that bloom in spring are pruned after flowering and hedgerows are trimmed. According to the technical operation requirements, the trees are pruned, and the roots of the seedlings that sprout are pruned at any time.

two。 Continue to strengthen the maintenance and management of trees, do a good job in replenishing seedlings, interspersing seedlings, fixing seedlings, increasing topdressing and frequently applying thin fertilizer.

3. As the temperature is getting higher and higher this month, a large number of diseases and insect pests do harm to trees and flowers, so we should pay attention to the prediction and forecast of insect situation and do a good job in pest prevention and disease prevention.

4. Carry out lawn rolling and cutting to continue to remove weeds from the lawn.

June (Grain in Beard, the Summer Solstice)

1. This month enters the plum rainy season, the temperature is high, the humidity is high, should carry on the replanting as soon as possible.

two。 The flowering shrubs were pruned and fertilized after flowering, and some spring sowing grass flowers were pruned.

3. Continue to remove weeds and continue to roll and cut.

4. To do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, this month we will focus on the prevention and control of bag moth, diamondback moth, poisonous moth, inchworm, tortoise scale and other pests as well as leaf spot, anthrax and coal pollution.

July (Lesser Heat, Greater Heat)

1. The weather is hot this month and weeds are growing fast. We should continue ploughing, weeding and loosening the soil.

two。 There are a large number of pests such as bag moth, diamondback moth, longicorn beetle, tortoise scale, shield scale, the second generation cotton blowing scale, mites and so on. at the same time, we should continue to control anthracnose, powdery mildew, leaf spot and so on.

3. When the temperature is high in summer, Rain Water should be irrigated to fight drought. This month is also a month with more torrential rain, so we should pay attention to flood prevention.

4. As the typhoon and tidal flood season enters this month, it is necessary to do a good job in Taiwan prevention and flood control, check regularly, and correct the wind and fallen trees in time.

August (the Beginning of Autumn, the End of Heat)

1. Continue ploughing, weeding and loosening the soil.

two。 Continue to do a good job in drought prevention and drainage to ensure the normal growth of seedlings.

3. The seedlings are growing vigorously this month, so fertilizer should be applied in time and thin fertilizer should be applied to the seedlings.

4. Continue to do a good job in typhoon prevention and flood control, and correct the fallen trees as soon as they are found.

5. To continue to do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, it is necessary to conscientiously control the main pests that harm trees (diamondback moth, second-generation diamondback moth, longicorn beetles, mites, etc.) and major diseases (powdery mildew, anthracnose, leaf spot, etc.).

September (White Dew, the Autumn Equinox)

1. Continue to do a good job in pest control and disease control; in particular, it is necessary to regularly check the occurrence of aphids and cysts, and immediately prevent and cure them as soon as they are found.

two。 Continue to carry out intermediate ploughing and weeding, continue to remove lawn weeds, carry out lawn rolling and pruning, and trim balls and hedges.

3. Continue to do a good job in pest prevention and control. In particular, it is necessary to check the occurrence of aphids, pocket moth, diamondback moth, brown spot, flower and shrub coal pollution and other diseases and pests, timely prevention and control.

October (Cold Dew, Frosts Descent)

1. Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests and eliminate all kinds of adults and eggs.

two。 Continue to plough and weed.

3. After the seedlings stop growing, check the survival rate, find out the family background, and ensure the smooth progress of winter and spring greening work.

November (the Beginning of Winter, Lesser Snow)

1. Do a good job in preventing the cold, whitening some trees or bandaging them with grass rope.

two。 Pruning trees in winter, cutting off diseased branches and dead branches; there are insect egg branches and competitive branches.

A preliminary study on the Landscape Design of Villa Garden in recent years, with the rise of the real estate industry and the improvement of modern living standards, there are many residential areas composed of small villas around Beijing. This kind of housing has the characteristics of individual buildings, scattered and independent distribution, high environmental requirements and so on. Compared with other types of housing, its biggest advantage is that it has a larger green space. The level of environmental greening has become one of the important symbols of the villa. Now the villa development no longer only pays attention to the architectural design, the supporting environment has become the focus of developers' sales. The current villa design often starts with the environmental landscape, burying underground pipelines according to planning, then digging lakes and mountains, laying grass and planting trees, waiting for the landscape to take shape, and then let the owners choose the location and villa according to the plan. Because the main selling point of this kind of villa is the environment, it and villa buildings coordinate with each other and set off each other to build a high-quality living environment. For example, Longwan Villa and Wangfu Garden in Shunyi are good examples.

Therefore, it is necessary to make an in-depth study of the significance of the villa garden design. This paper discusses the materials used in the villa garden in Beijing and some case analysis of the villa garden.

one. Present situation of Villa Garden Landscape

one. 1 the current scope of villa garden design

A villa usually refers to a single-family house built in a beautiful environment for people to live and rest. it is generally composed of living room, dining room, kitchen, study, bedroom, toilet and so on. the area is small but can contain the basic contents of daily life and has a certain degree of comfort, and the matching garden also has its own characteristics.

The general villa green environment includes two parts: private courtyard and public green space, which complement each other and are indispensable. Real estate developers should not only do a good job in the maintenance of public green space, but also guide and assist owners to do a good job in the greening of private courtyards in order to form an excellent ecological environment for the whole community.

one. one. 1 private garden

The villa garden belongs to the private space of the owner, and the owner can arrange all kinds of landscaping plants or sketches according to his own preference. But now the developer often lays the lawn on it first, in order to have a good appearance before sale, and the cost is not much. There are two points to pay attention to here, one is to bear to see, and because of the small area, the grass species can not be too extensive (such as tall fescue), which is laborious and inelegant; the second is to have a drainage slope, which is generally appropriate to discharge to the four sides of the residential building. in this way, the building topography is more towering, the facade effect is good, and a few are discharged to the ditch along the outer wall of the residential building, which is direct but disadvantageous to the overall environment.

one. one. 2 public green space

The public green space here mainly refers to the boundary between each household's private land. Some use simple railings and boundary piles to express the boundary; others take hedges and shrubs as the boundary; there are also considerations that there are no special boundaries in the entrance part of the courtyard, which appears to be very open and natural, while there is a clear separation in the back courtyard, emphasizing privacy and outdoor extension of indoor activities. Now the practice of enclosing the whole courtyard as a fence is less and less, reflecting people's open, extroverted psychology and social progress. If it is separated by greening, it is necessary to consider that the plants are non-toxic, do not bring thorns, have a relatively clean appearance, and generally use less expensive tree species, such as Populus tomentosa, cypress, and so on, because of the large quantity required.

two. Characteristics of Villa Garden Landscape

two. 1 Privacy

Courtyard space is a closed outside and open center of the more private space, in this space, there is a strong sense of place, so people are happy to gather and communicate. China's traditional courtyard space carries daily and leisure activities such as eating, washing, repairing things, chatting, playing cards, playing chess, reading newspapers, basking in the sun, listening to the radio and so on. On the other hand, the courtyard space of modern architecture carries a wider range of people's activities, especially for people who work hard to achieve their own behavior as the purpose, at the same time, through sight, hearing, smell and other senses to obtain passive activities from the courtyard space. Such as watering flowers and cutting grass to enjoy the sun, fresh air, the fragrance of flowers and plants, etc., entertainment to feel the comfort and relaxation of rest facilities, watch the natural beauty of flowers and trees, listen to the sound of running water, and so on.

two. 2 extension of indoor space

The courtyard is a man-made natural space and the continuation of the building interior space. In addition to the activities of the indoor space, it is also necessary to go to the outdoor space to breathe fresh air, accept the comfort of the sun, appreciate the natural beauty and other activities into nature, as well as chat, walk, entertainment and other daily leisure activities. The courtyard space just provides an ideal place for these activities.

three. Key points of Landscape Design of Villa Garden

The first step in building a beautiful courtyard is to do a good job of planning and design. First of all, the style of the courtyard should be determined, and a plan should be made according to environmental conditions, family composition and maintenance capacity.

three. 1 the choice of garden style

There are many different styles in the courtyard, and the basic style is generally determined according to the preferences of the owners. The style of the garden can be simply divided into two categories: regular style and natural style. At present, private courtyards can be divided into four major schools in style: Asian Chinese style, Japanese style, European French style and British style. On the other hand, architecture has a variety of different styles and types, such as the gap between classical and modern, the contrast between avantgarde and tradition, and the difference between the East and the West. The common practice is to roughly determine the type of garden according to the style of the building. In the past, the typical Japanese courtyard style of miscellaneous wood garden and tea garden often integrated the natural scenery into the garden, giving people a sense of elegance and tranquillity. However, it is difficult to unify Japanese-style courtyard and western-style architecture, and Japanese-style courtyard and regular courtyard also feel incompatible, so the coordination between garden style and buildings should be taken into account.

Garden color is also one of the factors that affect the garden style. one of the techniques of color planning is to determine the main tone of the garden according to the architectural color and the surrounding environment. Foliage plants are very important in the design of gardens. In Britain and other European countries, it is natural to plant foliage plants in flower beds. Green variegated plants with white spots are brighter than pure green species, such as Saussurea involucrata with silver leaves, Artemisia annua, and so on, which can brighten the flower bed, while other colorful leaf plants with orange, red and purple leaves can form a strong contrast and increase the bright and pleasant feeling of tone. In addition, we can also consider the change of leaf shape, the difference of texture and so on.

Summer is a season with a wide variety of flowering plants, so you can make a variety of color combinations and adorn them with wild perennial flowers. In summer, even with a variety of color combinations with high color brightness, there will be no sense of clutter. For example, you can use gorgeous, different colors of goldfish grass to form a number of lively color blocks, which can be embellished with some silver leaf plants or white flower snowballs to neutralize.

three. 2 influence of garden drainage and light conditions

Drainage, light, ventilation and soil quality will affect the growth and development of plants, especially sufficient light is an important condition to determine which flowers can be cultivated. Generally speaking, it is most ideal to build the garden in a place with good light conditions and facing south, so we must first find out the geographical conditions of the villa garden, such as the sunshine time of the day, the treatment of the shady and sunny side, and so on. On this basis, the plant species suitable for these environments are selected. And the shade can also build a characteristic garden, such as a shady garden for viewing.

three. 3 the needs of family members

The garden style can also reflect the way of life of the families living here. Only the working couple's family has no time to maintain flowers and plants, so they often plant only some flowers or perennial flowers in the courtyard; the courtyard with young children should lay lawns that can put toys, and plant some colorful annual or biennial grass flowers and bulb flowers; if someone in the family is interested in plant conservation and management, you can plant some seasonal herbs and flowers to build a perfect ornamental garden. In short, the style of the courtyard and the species of plants cultivated should be selected according to the composition of family members and age structure.

three. 4 the size of the courtyard area

Larger houses can choose a wide range of garden styles, because the larger the area, the more plant species to choose from, and the collocation can be more complicated, but the overall consistency must be taken into account when planting to avoid conflicts. On the other hand, the available area of the narrow house is limited, so there must be a careful configuration plan and fewer plant species should be planted.

Regardless of the size of the garden, the paving of the road is essential, and the general garden scriptures can be paved with natural stone or various floor tiles and black and white pebbles. The layout of the courtyard is crucial. Advocating simplicity can plant some flowers in the courtyard, or make a nursery of green plants. If you want to achieve a more ideal landscape effect, many people will hire professional designers to design and make the courtyard. For example, the use of zigzag paths with tall trees makes people feel "deep in the courtyard", while the use of curved arches, carved railings, column scrolls and carefully trimmed dwarf plants is a vivid reappearance of European amorous feelings.

four. The Landscape elements in the Villa Garden

The art of the layout of courtyard elements is the most important in gardening, and the overall layout is a kind of outline-led artistic creativity. The success of the layout is the key to the beauty of the garden.

Generally, according to the amount of experience of cultivated plants and the length of time available for flower management, the design of the garden should be different. Because conservation and management is very time-consuming, it is recommended that busy people build a garden dominated by flowers and perennial flowers, while people with conservation experience and time can build a garden that can watch the flowers of the four seasons. Although it takes time and energy, a single plant will certainly bring a corresponding return.

Generally speaking, there are not too many kinds of plants in the courtyard, one or two kinds of plants should be used as the main plants, and then one or two kinds of plants should be selected as matching. The choice of plants should match the overall courtyard style, and the level of plants should be clear, concise and beautiful. Evergreen plants are more suitable for the northern region.

Water is an indispensable spirit in many courtyards, and it can form a beautiful waterscape with all the elements in the courtyard. And wood can be said to play a finishing role in the villa courtyard. Make outdoor furniture, flower beds, flower racks, swing chairs, fences, no matter used in any corner of the courtyard, it will create a warm, comfortable, natural and harmonious atmosphere to meet people's urgent desire to return to nature. In the cobbled courtyard, put a simple wooden table and chair, you can fully integrate into the natural atmosphere. Especially in the north, wood products so that the northern winter will not reject people thousands of miles away. The color of wooden tables and chairs is relatively rich, there are log color, white, green and so on, in short, it should match with the overall courtyard style. What needs to be noted is that because the wood will change with the wind and rain in the open air, it has become a compulsory course for some families to put on new clothes for the wood every spring.

There are no fixed rules for the use of garden materials, but exquisite gardens are made up of plants, stones, sculptures, waterscape and other different materials through the combination of art. Therefore, if the material is used well, it can be very outstanding. For example, in the Japanese garden, the combination of trees and turf, with all kinds of wild rocks, soil slopes and gravel is very exquisite. All kinds of techniques are the imitation of natural artistic conception and interest, which can make people get spiritual edification and pleasure. Unique Japanese gardening techniques such as dry landscapes can really make people appreciate the artistic conception of Buddhism and Zen. On the other hand, the mountain-like landscape of the famous ornamental stones such as Taihu Stone and Lingbi Stone in China makes people admire the perfect combination of the beauty of nature's miraculous craftsmanship and the profound cultural heritage of Chinese garden art.

four. 1 plant

Plants are the main material for landscape construction, so whether the villa can achieve a practical, economic and beautiful effect depends to a large extent on the selection and configuration of garden plants.

There are many kinds of garden plants with different shapes. There are huge trees more than 100 meters high, lawns and ground covers as low as a few centimeters, erect, climbing and creeping, and trees of different shapes, such as conical, oval, umbrella-shaped, spherical, and so on. The leaves, flowers and fruits of plants are even more colorful and colorful, because of such good materials, we can use a large number of plants to increase scenic spots and cover private spaces in the design of our villa garden. at the same time, because of the diversity of plants, we can also make the four seasons of the garden. If we can feel the changes of the four seasons in the garden, it can better reflect the value of the garden. The role of garden plants in the construction of garden landscape is as follows:

4.1.1 . Performance of temporal landscape

Garden plants show different seasonal characteristics with seasonal changes, such as blooming flowers in spring, shady trees in summer, fruitful fruits in autumn and strong branches in winter. This ups and downs of the rhythm of life, for us to create the garden 04:00 evolution of the time series landscape provides the conditions. According to the seasonal changes of plants, the plants of different flowering periods are planted together, so that the same place in the garden produces a certain unique landscape in different periods, giving people different feelings and experiencing the changes of season.

In order to express the temporal landscape of garden plants, we must have an in-depth understanding of the growth and development law of plant materials and the landscape performance of the four seasons, and create garden scenery for people to appreciate according to the different colors of plant materials in different seasons. arouse people's different feelings. The color change of flowers and trees in nature is very rich, with the largest number of plants blooming in spring, coupled with the germination of leaves and buds, giving people the landscape effect of mountain flowers in full bloom and vitality. There are also many flowering plants in summer, but the more obvious seasonal feature is shady land and luxuriant forest and grass. There are few flowering plants in golden autumn, but there are cinnamon fragrance and autumn chrysanthemum proud frost, and the rich and colorful autumn leaves and fruits make the autumn scenery more beautiful. The grass and trees withered in the middle of winter, the mountains and cold waters are thin, showing a depressed, tragic landscape. The succession of the four seasons makes plants show different seasons, and the application of different seasons of plants to garden art forms the sequential landscape of 04:00 succession.

4.1.2 . Create garden scenic spots

As the main material to create a beautiful garden, garden plants have their own unique posture, color and charm. Different garden plants have different shapes and changes, which can not only be planted alone to show the beauty of the individual, but also can be arranged according to a certain way of composition to show the group beauty of plants, and can also be arranged and arranged skillfully according to their respective ecological habits. to create a community landscape with the combination of Arbor, shrub and grass.

Take Arbor as an example, ginkgo biloba is straight and imposing, Pinus tabulaeformis is vigorous, Magnolia is rich and noble, these trees are cultivated in isolation, they can constitute the main scene of the villa. And autumn discolored leaf species such as Acer truncatum and Ginkgo biloba can form a landscape of "frosted maple leaves unexpectedly red than February flowers". The fruitful fruits of many ornamental fruit trees, such as begonia, Hawthorn, pomegranate and so on, show a scene of bumper harvest.

Colorful herbaceous flowers are good materials to create the landscape of ornamental villas. Due to the wide variety of flowers, rich colors, short plants, garden applications are very common, and there are a variety of forms. Not only can be planted in the open field, but also potted plants can be placed to form flower beds and flower belts, or various forms of planting bowls can be used to decorate the environment in front of the villa window to create a pleasant natural landscape, set off a festive atmosphere and decorate people's lives.

Many garden plants are fragrant and pleasant, which can make people feel pleasant. For example, there are many kinds of fragrant garden plants, such as sweet-scented osmanthus, wax plum, cloves, orchids and rose. In the villa design, various fragrant plants can be used to create a "fragrant garden" landscape, or can be planted separately into a special kind of garden. such as clove garden, rose garden. It can also be planted in places with frequent activities, such as planting jasmine around the cool place in the midsummer night, sending fragrance in the breeze and refreshing.

4.1.3 . Conduct the creation of artistic conception

The use of garden plants to create artistic conception is a typical landscape style and precious cultural heritage of Chinese traditional gardens. Chinese plant cultivation has a long history and splendid culture. Many poems, lyrics, songs, Fu and folk customs have left beautiful chapters of singing about plants, and have given personified content to all kinds of plant materials. From the appreciation of the morphological beauty of plants to the appreciation of the beauty of the artistic conception of plants, it has reached the ideal realm of the unity of man and nature.

In the creation of garden landscape, we can express our feelings with the help of plants, put our feelings into the scene, and blend with each other. Songcangjin quaint, not afraid of frost and snow cold harsh environment, can stand at the top of the mountain in the cold; plum is not afraid of the cold, proud snow in full bloom; bamboo "has not been unearthed before there is a joint, even in the clouds also humble." The three kinds of plants all have the character of being steadfast and graceful, so they are called "old cold three friends". Its configuration form, artistic conception is elegant and distinct, and is often used in the garden of literati and honest officials. Orchids born in the valley, elegant leaves, elegant fragrance, lush green leaves, tender strips alone, no delicate state, no vulgar meaning, placed indoors or planted in a corner of the courtyard, how elegant the artistic conception is.

4.1.4 . Play the role of setting off the villa

The branches and leaves of plants show a soft curve, and the texture and color of different plants are different in visual perception. Soft plant materials are often used in villas to soften stiff geometric buildings, such as foundation planting, corner planting, wall greening and so on. Generally large, solemn facade, open line of sight around the villa, to choose high branches thick, crown to carry out the tree species; in exquisite and exquisite villa around, to choose some light branches, small leaves and dense tree species. The matching of garden plants and rocks can show the natural charm of undulating terrain and wild interest, while matching with the water body can form a reflection or cover the water source, resulting in a far-reaching feeling.

To grasp these roles of plants in villa landscape construction is the premise for us to carry out plant landscape construction smoothly, and all kinds of plant materials are the cornerstone of plant landscape construction.

The common plants for garden greening are as follows: ginkgo biloba (Ginkgobiloba), spruce (Picea), Pinus tabulaeformis (P. Tabulaeformis), Pinus bungeana (P. Bungeana, Pinus armandii (P. Armandi, Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Metasequoiaglyptostroboides), Yew (Taxuscuspidate), Magnolia (M. Denudata), Liriodendron mandshurica (Liriodendronchinense), Spiraea (Spiraea), Pearl Plum (Sorbariekirilowii, Rose (Rosarugosa), Rose Rosa (R. Xanthina), rose (R. Chinensis), Kerriajaponica, Prunussalicina, P. Armeniaca), Mei (P. Mume), peach (P. Persica, mountain peach (P. Davidiana), Prunus mume (P. Triloba), hairy cherry (P. Tomentosa), cherry blossom (P. Serrulata, Cotoneaster, Crataeguspinnatifida, Chaenomelessinensis, C. Speciosa), Apple (Maluspumila), Begonia (M. Prunifolia), flowering crabapple (M. Spectabilis, Pyrus, Chimonanthuspraecox, Cercischinensis, Gleditsiasinensis, Wisteriasinensis, Philadolphuspekinensis, Deutziascabra, Hydrangeamacrophylla, Cornusalba, Abeliachinensis, Kolkwitziaamabilis, Weigelaflorida, Sambucus, Lonicerajaponica, Platanusacerifolia, Buxussinica, B. Sempervirens, Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommiaulmoides), Tamarix (Tamarixchinensis), Tilia mongolica (Tiliamongolica), sycamore (Firmianasimplex), hibiscus (Hibiscussyriacus), pomegranate (Punicagranatum), holly (Ilexchinensis), Eucommia ulmoides (Euonymusalatus), silk wood (E. Bungeanus), Euonymus tomentosa (E. Japonicus, jujube (Zizyphusjujuba), grape (Vitisvinifera), Parthenocissus parthenocissus (parthenocissustricuspidata), persimmon (Diospyroskaki), Toona sinensis (Toonasinensis), Acer truncatum (Acertruncatum), Acer truncatum (A. Palmatum), Aesculuschinensis, Yingchun (J. Nudiflorum, lilac (Syringaoblata), forsythia (Forsythiasuspensa), Lingxiao (Campsisgrandiflora), peony (Paeoniasuffruticosa), Berberis (Berberisthunbergii), crape myrtle (Lagerstroemiaindica), bamboo (Phyllestachyspubescens).

four. 2 water body

As a part of garden design, garden water is a common form in a single 500 square meter villa. Now people yearn for places with water, but such places are too few, so people go to create water bodies. The characteristics of the garden water body are: small. But to do very exquisite, in the pool can not be too deep and not too shallow, this depends on the requirements of the user, such as the family has children, it is necessary to consider the safety of children and so on.

Garden water has a wide range of uses, which can be roughly summarized into the following three aspects:

one. As the subject of the landscape. Such as fountains, waterfalls, ponds and so on, all take water as the theme, water has become an important element of the villa, but also triggered endless poetry. Ice lanterns and ice sculptures are also an ornamental form of water under non-normal temperature conditions. two. Improve the garden environment, adjust the climate, control noise. Mineral water has a medical function, and negative ions have a cleaning function, which can not be ignored. three. Provide growth conditions for ornamental aquatic animals and plants in the garden and create the necessary environment for biodiversity. Such as the cultivation of various aquatic plants such as lotus, lotus and Reed, and the breeding of swans, mandarin ducks, koi and so on.

The above contents are not comprehensive, each garden water body, has its main functions, of which the most important and most common is the role of villa landscape. Although the water body of the villa is small, its role can not be ignored. The following is discussed from the aspects of the formation of water landscape, engineering design, water quality and water quantity requirements, landscape design and so on.

Water is a liquid at room temperature. There is no fixed shape, and the viewing effect depends on the shape of the water-holding object, the water quality, and the surrounding environment. The shape and appearance of water are all related to the receptacle. When the receptacle is designed, the water posture to be achieved will come out. Of course, it has something to do with the texture of the water itself. Generally speaking. The requirements of water are transparent, colorless and tasteless, and all kinds of water bodies have different uses and different requirements for water quality. On individual occasions, some people dye the water in order to watch and watch. The natural factors such as wind, temperature and light around the water body will also affect the ornamental effect of the water body. For example, the wind and clouds are surging and the waves are so rough that the reflection of the water cannot be appreciated; while the temperature drops and the water freezes, the glittering surface of the lake turns into a smooth and dazzling ice rink, and the fun to watch is used in different directions. The ornamental effect of light on the water body is more obvious, in order to achieve the effect, it is often necessary to supplement artificial lighting in the water body. At this time, the ornamental effect is often better than the best landscape effect during the day.

There are two main differences between the receptacles on which the garden water depends: one is the natural water bodies, such as lakes, ponds, streams and so on, whose slopes and bottoms are formed naturally. Second, the water body in the artificial state, such as fountain, swimming pool, etc., its side and bottom are artificial structures.

And when constructing the artificial environment of the water body, some cases need to cause special attention. For example, when the design elevation of the water body is much higher than the natural normal water level of the place, and the loose soil (sandy soil) is not easy to hold water, a waterproof layer must be built to maintain a relatively stable elevation of the water body to meet the requirements of landscape design. For example, the European-style viewing pool is often made now. Some water bodies have higher requirements for water quality in the design, such as swimming pools and leisure pools, which must be maintained by filtration circulation, or the water body must be changed regularly. At this time, a waterproof layer must be built to be cut off from the outside world.

Judging from the above requirements, the first is to emphasize the "quantity" of water bodies. To maintain the design elevation is actually to maintain the amount of water and is not affected by the fluctuation of the natural water level. The second is to emphasize the "quality" of water bodies. Therefore, at this time, the water body of the artificial environment must have certain area and capacity restrictions in order to control the project cost and maintenance cost. Therefore, we believe that it is best for garden water bodies to hold water in a natural way, one is to save investment and treatment costs, and the other is to achieve ecological balance, which is a very important idea, such as deciding to adopt artificial water bodies and strictly control their scale. so as not to carry a long-lasting burden.

four. 3 Garden Road

The garden road in the villa garden is mainly prominent: narrow, quiet and elegant. Narrow is the main feature of the garden road, because the service object is mainly family members and relatives and friends, there is no need to do so wide, otherwise not only waste, but also the garden is very cramped. You is through the tortuous shape, so that people have the illusion, feel deep, so that the garden highlights wide. Elegance is the highest state of the garden, can do more but not chaotic, less but not empty, both appreciative and practical. The range of garden road materials is very wide, and we will explain it in detail below, because the space of the garden is limited, which is relatively few in the garden road, so we can use the topographic change to increase the garden road. The following is some specific analysis of Garden Road:

four. three. 1 the linear design of garden road

The linear design of the garden road should be combined with topography, water bodies, plants, buildings, paving sites and other facilities to form a complete landscape composition and create a space for continuous display of the landscape or a perspective line to appreciate the scenery ahead. The linear design of the garden road should be primary and secondary, organize traffic and sightseeing, dense, tortuous and orderly. In order to organize the scenery, prolong the tourist route, expand the space, and make the garden road have appropriate twists and turns in space. A better design is based on the undulation of the terrain and the requirements of the surrounding functions, so that the main road is far away from the water surface. He intersects the scenic spots along the main road so that visitors can enjoy the main scenery. Create the road as part of the scene. The layout of the garden road should be sparse and dense according to the needs and should not be equal to each other, but the curve can not be used as easily as a straight line, and the appropriate curve can liberate people from the tense atmosphere and gain a comfortable sense of beauty.

four. three. 2 layout of garden road

The layout of the road is determined according to the content of the villa green space and the capacity of the users. It is necessary to make a clear distinction between priority and priority, adjust measures to local conditions, and cooperate closely. If the terrain is undulating, the garden road should surround the landscape, but it should not go horizontally. Because according to the mountain and water, there are many activities and facilities; the garden road where the terrain is gentle should be curved and soft, with high density, but do not form a grid.

The entrance of the garden road plays a role in guiding tourists into the courtyard. A successful entrance design will not only guide people forward, but also create a different atmosphere, and a wide garden road will give you the idea of hanging out. On the other hand, a narrow garden road will make people walk faster. The square set up in the middle of Garden Road provides visitors with a place to enjoy the scenery, rest and change the direction of walking. Because the courtyard road has the function of expressing the design intention, the material form and texture of the paved garden road are very important. And the form and route of paving play a role in conveying the intention of the courtyard designer. Straight lines, bends and geometry reflect the intention of planning design. On the other hand, the natural curve, loose pavement and some irregular shapes and natural design methods show the characteristics of irregular design.

four. three. (3) the function of garden road

The garden road not only has the function of decoration, but also has the function. For example, in order to allow tools such as lawn mowers and trolleys to pass, the main road of the courtyard needs to have a certain width and bearing capacity. The steps and paths close to the house should meet people's requirements, such as convenience for children, the elderly and the disabled. Some roads that are rarely used need not be so wide, fewer facilities can be set up, the road surface should be kept smooth, and even some stone paved roads must keep the tables and chairs on the road balanced. The paving materials with good friction resistance can be used on slippery slopes.

Whether it is an open space or a private space, the horizontal ground plays an important role in the courtyard. The balance of the road surface plays an important role in creating the garden atmosphere. The same kind of garden may appear open in one area, while it may be cramped in another. Therefore, the design of pavement in different environment will bring out different sense of balance, and the open space in the narrow road will make people feel open and form a comfortable rest area.

four. three. 4 selection of paving materials

With the same space in the garden and the same direction of the garden road, it is better to use the same style of pavement. Different paving in several different places make up the whole garden to achieve the goal of seeking change in unity. In fact, the paving of the garden road is used to express the different nature, use and region of the garden road.

In one type of pavement, it can be composed of blocks of different sizes, materials and assembly methods, and the key is what is laid and where. For example, the main trunk roads, traffic strong places, to be firm, flat, anti-skid, wear-resistant, simple and generous lines, easy construction and management. If you use the same kind of stone, change the size or the method of masonry. Paths, small spaces and leisure avenues can be rich and colorful, such as Chinese classical gardens. It is necessary to make an in-depth study of the characteristics of other garden elements where the garden road is located in order to create distinctive and well-known paving. For example, the bamboo path in Hangzhou is quiet, and the picture of crane between Suzhou Wufeng Fairy Pavilion and Crane is in harmony with the environment, poetic and picturesque. Ming Jicheng discussed this early in "Yuanye". "but in the wide mansion of the hall, lay a grinding brick, such as the path Seikei, long and messy stone, the atrium style should be stacked with victory, near the block can also be palindromes, and octagonal inlaid geese are selected to make Shu brocade."

The size and shape of the block material should not only be coordinated with the environment and space, but also suitable for free and tortuous linear paving, which is the key to simple construction; the surface thickness is moderate, the thickness should be feasible children's car, walking high heels, fine does not slip and fall in the rainy day, the block size modulus should be coordinated with the road width; the use of different materials, color, texture, shape and so on, the contrast should be strong. It is recommended to use more natural materials. Close to nature, simple, cheap and good quality, durable. Even old materials and wastes can be used as treasures after a little processing. In Japan, there is a kind of road surface with loose coarse sand, and we also had coal dust pavement in the past; crushed marble granite slabs are also widely used, and stone chips are commonly used as fillers.

four. 4 sketches

The sketches in the garden landscape refer to rockery, pavilions, flower racks, sculptures, tables and stools and other items that can be decorated in the garden. Generally speaking, these volumes are very small, but they can serve as the finishing touch in the garden. These sketches, whether attached to the scenery or relatively independent, should be carefully pondered by artistic processing in order to adapt to the specific environment of the garden and form a garden landscape that is properly tailored, properly configured, small but not cheap, so that it is not humble and complement each other. The use of sketches to organize the surrounding environment and external scenery to make the artistic conception of the garden more vivid and more poetic. From the point of view of shaping the environmental space, it is skillfully used to organize the scene in order to improve the overall environment and the appreciation value of the sketch itself.

four. four. 1 garden rockery

The art of mountain building, which is different from architectural design, can be expressed by drawings, and then constructed according to the drawings to achieve the original intention of the designer. The art of stacking mountains lies in that the natural stones must be ready-made and cannot be chiseled, otherwise they will not be natural. Therefore, the matter of stacking mountains can be said to apply the law in accordance with their aptitude. Chen Congzhou said in Shuoyuan: "the stone is amorphous, and the mountain has a law." This is the key to building mountains. The "rockery" referred to here is relative to the "real mountain" formed naturally. There are two kinds of rockery materials, one is natural rockery material, only in artificial masonry, cement as cementing material, based on concrete; the other is cement mixed mortar, steel wire mesh or GRC (low alkalinity fiberglass cement) as materials, artificial plastic rockery, also known as "plastic stone", "plastic mountain".

four. four. 1.1 main points of commonly used mountains and rocks in villa gardens

one. Lone admiring stone: Lake stone, axe split stone and stalagmite, which are simple and beautiful, with both shape and spirit, are often selected to be placed in the main position of the garden for people to watch. These solitary ornamental stones not only have the ornamental value of being thin, transparent, leaking, wrinkling and ugly, but also have great humanistic value and often become a scene in the garden because of their spread over the years. "there are many relics in Gen Yue, such as" Yu Linglong "in Shanghai Yuyuan Garden," Ruiyunfeng "in Suzhou," Crepe Yunfeng "in Hangzhou and" Qingzhiyi "in Beijing. According to legend, "Jade Linglong" is a relic of Flower Stone Class in "Water margin". It is famous for "setting stone bottom with furnace incense, smoke from hole hole, filling stone top with a pellet of water, and hole spring flow". "Green sesame. Mi Zhizhang, a former Song calligrapher, is now inscribed with Qianlong's seven-character poems. Of course, there are also monuments built on trees with the help of solitary stones, such as the monument to Mr. Fujino in the Peony Garden in Luoyang, Henan Province. The dry mountain stone in Japan focuses on the group effect of layout, which is different from the lone appreciation stone in China.

two. Cliff stone: it is clearly planned that in "Yuanye", "the cliff mountain, the wall is also, with the powder wall as paper, stone as painting." "Quartz stone, lake stone, axe stone and so on are commonly used with plants, relief and running water. Decorated in the pink wall of the courtyard and the lobby of the hotel, it has become a shining landscape painting that occupies less space.

three. Scattered stones: Yellowstone, lake stone, quartz stone, thousand-layer stone, axe split stone, stalagmite, granite, etc., scattered in groups along the roadside, under the forest, in the foothills, at the edge of steps, in the corners of buildings, in coordination with the topography, planting flowers and trees sometimes become natural stools, sometimes become the base of potted plants, and sometimes become the transition of local height difference and material changes, which is a very natural embellishment and hint. This is the most extensive application of mountains and stones in gardens.

four. Barge stone: commonly used Yellowstone, lake stone, thousand-layer stone, or along the water surface, or along the height difference changes in the foothills, high and low scattered, before and after changes, play the role of barge, but also as a retaining wall, at the same time make it natural and beautiful.

five. Mountain waterfall: based on the landscape topography, pile up Yellowstone, lake stone, granite and thousand-layer stone, diverting water from top to bottom, forming a waterfall. This practice, commonly known as "earthen stone", is the most common practice at present.

four. four. one. 2 main points of stacking mountains and rocks

1. The selection of mountains and rocks should meet the requirements of the overall planning and be coordinated with the whole topography and geomorphology. "Mountain, bone in stone, bedding in forest, spirit in water". The materials and practices of rocks actually indicate the existence of a type of geological structure. In the case of being covered by soil, gravel and vegetation, people can only feel the shape and direction of the mountain forest. If the cover is removed, the "mountain bones" will be completely removed.

2. Do not mix many kinds of rocks in the same area. When stacking, it is not easy to achieve the coordination of quality, color, grain, face, body and posture.

3. For the stacking shape of mountains and rocks, there are ten traditional techniques of "Mountain and Stone Zhang": safety, connection, span, suspension, fight, card, connection, droop, sword, and fight. Pay more attention to the worship of nature, simple and unadorned. In particular, the use of thousand-layer stone, granite, requires the overall effect, rather than solitary stone viewing. The overall modeling should not only be in line with the laws of nature, but also be highly summarized and promoted in reason, which is unexpected.

four. The basis of the rockery. The solitary appreciation of stones and caves should pay attention to the firmness of their foundation because of the concentrated load. If the mountain and rock waterfall is built on the old soil (it has been built for several years in the past), it can be tamped with a layer of steel concrete as the foundation on the rammed plain soil and gravel. If it is built on a new pile of earth, it is necessary to make more efforts to prevent cracks due to settlement, soil and water erosion due to leakage, gradual deformation and distortion, resulting in danger. The safety of rocks is the first major point in the stacking of rockery.

five. The modeling design of real materials (natural stone) and fake materials (GRC, etc.) can be regarded as a good policy and an innovation. Especially at the turning point and upside-down place where the construction is difficult, and where people are out of reach, the use of artificial rockery can often take up less space and reduce the load, and the overall effect is good. CRC material should pay special attention to the quality of fiberglass, such as 800yuan / square meter, and the real material is almost the same.

six. Rocks are natural things, with natural texture, outline, shape, pure texture, simple and unadorned, but belong to the category of inanimate building materials. Therefore, mountains and rocks are a transition between natural environment and architectural space, a kind of intermediate. "there is no garden without stone", but it can only be used as embellishment, hint, sustenance and supplement for local scenic spots. Do not apply it indiscriminately, which will cause the cost to rise and lose the ecological significance of gardening.

four. four. one. (3) the basic techniques of building mountains in the garden

The shape of the rockery should be virtual and decent, such as the rockery of Suzhou Yiyuan, which has the feeling of peak love and the meaning of cave gully; the rockery of Suzhou Huanxiu Villa can be described as an excellent work, in which the treatment of deficiency and reality is the place to win. The rockery of Lion Forest in Suzhou has no priority in dealing with deficiency and reality, which is not a good product. So Shen Sanbai of the Qing Dynasty said that it "looked at it in terms of the general situation, unexpectedly piled coal cinder at random, accumulated moss, wore ant nests, and had no momentum of mountains and forests at all."

One is the selection of stones. The quality of stone should be unified, and Yellowstone and lake stone should not be mixed. If subdivided, there are Taihu Stone, Kunshan Stone, Yixing Stone, Longtan Stone, Lingbi Stone, Yanshan Stone, Quartz Stone, Yellowstone and so on. The unity of stone is also out of nature. The nature of the mountain, the stone must be unified. The first rule of art is "change and unity". The stone is unified and the shape changes, which is in line with the law of art.

The second is styling. The so-called rockery, in fact, is not fake, its temperament is even better than the real mountain. People say that "the scenery is picturesque", which means that the scenery of the painting can be chosen, which is better than the scenery. However, if the rockery is not well piled up, it is not among them. The rockery shape, the wheel corridor line must have the change, but also must obtain the balance in the change. "the mountain is not high, it is expensive at different levels,." (Chen Congzhou's Shuo Yuan) the hierarchical beauty in art lies in concealment and implication. There is a sense of hierarchy in the mountains, and the most important thing is that the peak love should have a three-dimensional layout. Before and after, it seems to show a sense of "high mountains". If the back is covered by the front, it is more likely to show the lofty momentum and strength of the mountain. The autumn mountain of a garden in Yangzhou can be called the top grade of the Huangshi rockery. Real but not boring, tall and strangely dangerous. If you talk about specific techniques, you should pay more attention to the word "virtual"; pay attention to the concave and convex changes of the mountain shape and the size of the cave gully.

The third is precipitous. Rockery simulates a mountain, imitating temperament, not a model of a real mountain. To get rid of the dregs and take the essence. The beauty of the real mountain, one is majestic and vigorous, the other is steep and straight. Although the rockery is small, its posture temperament is no less than the grandeur and adventure of the real mountain. In order to achieve the precipitous situation, one way is that its lower part should be small, not big, and should not be closed. One of the reasons why the mountains are not beautiful is that the lower part of the mountain is too fat and stuffy and lacks a sense of steepness.

Especially Li Feng, single stone, must pay more attention to the beauty of precipitous. Most of the precious single stone and Lifeng have the beauty of precipitous. The three famous stones in the south of the Yangtze River: Ruiyunfeng in Suzhou, Jade Linglong in Shanghai (Yuyuan Garden) and Crepe Yunfeng in Hangzhou are no less than the "three famous stones in the south of the Yangtze River" in terms of shape, regardless of their wheelhouse lines and the relationship between virtual and real, they all conform to the principle of Shen beauty of mountains and rocks, but it is more beautiful in steepness.

The fourth is artistic conception. There are different types of artistic conception of mountains. It is often said that Mount Tai is famous for its male and Huangshan is famous for its oddity. Huashan Insurance, Emei Show and Lushan fans have different aesthetic characteristics. Rockery is also divided into these types, so it is necessary to choose an aesthetic tendency and then deliberately pursue it. Rockery is a kind of art, and its artistic conception should be mountains, rather than being false dragons and tigers. It is unavoidably vulgar to make such a concrete image.

four. four. 2 Garden Pavilion Design

The garden pavilion here refers to the exquisite small buildings in the garden and green space. Can be divided into two categories, one is for people to rest and watch the pavilion, and the other is a practical function of storage huts, sunlight greenhouses and so on. Mainly use the courtyard with space of more than 500 square meters.

four. four. two. 1 selection of location

It is said in Yuanye in the Ming Dynasty that "if you have a pavilion, stop." So the rest parade. "it shows that the garden pavilion is a place for people to rest and rest. The key to setting up pavilions in the garden lies in the location. Because the pavilion is the "finishing touch" in the garden, it is mostly located at the intersection of the line of sight. The garden pavilion should be built in a place with a good view of the courtyard, so that people who enter and have a rest can enjoy and retain people. at the same time, they should also consider becoming a beautiful garden after the pavilion is built, where the pavilion can often play the role of the finishing touch. There is an excellent description in Yuanye: "Hidden pavilions among flowers, an pavilion in the water, and the gardens are obtained." But the pavilion is only hidden between the flowers, the pavilion Hu is confined to the water, Tongquan bamboo, according to the summit of Jingshan, or Cuiyun lush, the foot of the green pine, or to watch the fish on the top of Hao Pu; if you are in the middle of the waves, it is not a song to wash your feet. There is a style in the pavilion, but there is no basis. "for example, in Suzhou Nets Park, from the shooting duck gallery to the park, the next pool is the" moon to the wind pavilion ", forming a composition center. Another example is the "Pavilion on four sides of the Lotus Wind" in the pool of the Humble Administrator's Garden, where the water surface is empty and forms a visual focus here. In addition, there are curved bridges on both sides to connect with it, so the image is naturally important. Of course, the image of this pavilion can also afford such treatment; if the image of this pavilion is difficult to see, it is called "ruining the scenery". Another example is the Canglang Pavilion, which is located on the rockery, forming the center of the whole garden, making the Canglang Pavilion (the name of the garden) worthy of the name; the Xiu Yi Pavilion in the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Shu Xiao Pavilion in the staying Garden, and the Wangjiang Pavilion in the Yu Garden in Shanghai are all built in a high-profile place. its background is the sky, the image is exposed, the outline is complete, and it is very observable.

four. four. two. 2 the choice of style

Is the garden pavilion designed traditional or modern? Is it Chinese or Western? Is it natural wild or luxurious? The differences in these styles are not difficult to understand.

In the same style, the plane, facade, decoration size, shape, complexity and simplicity are also very different, which need to be considered. For example, the Chinese classical garden pavilion in the same botanical garden is different from the maple garden. The peony pavilion must have double eaves and red pillars, and the maple pavilion has white walls and gray tiles. This varies according to the temperament of the environment in which they live. The size of the same European classical garden pavilion, golf course and private garden is very different, which is due to the open and closed environment of their environment. With the same natural wild interest, the water bamboo raft frolicking fish is different from the tree branch nest bird watching, which is different because of the different functional requirements of the environment.

Secondly, all forms, functions and building materials are in the process of evolution and progress, often intertwined, and must focus on creation. For example, on the beam frame of the Chinese classical garden pavilion, Capulon sun board is used as the top instead of the traditional tile, ancient and modern, foreign for my use, can achieve very good results. It is also a kind of creation to form a virtual pavilion with four solid walls and the outer outline of the Chinese classical garden pavilion. With cable, cloth curtain, glass, sunboard and so on, emerge one after another.

Only by deeply considering these joints can we be original and unconventional. This is by no means comparable to "applying one" perfunctorily.

four. four. two. (3) consideration of plane facade

The garden pavilion is small in size and rigorous in plane. From the point-shaped umbrella pavilion, triangle, square, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal to circular, begonia-shaped, fan-shaped, from simple to complex, are basically regular geometric shapes, or combined deformation. According to this reason, other shapes can be conceived, and other garden buildings such as flower racks, promenades and waterside pavilions can be combined into a group of buildings.

The plane composition of the garden pavilion is relatively simple, in addition to pillars, benches (chairs), railings, and sometimes there are walls, tables, monuments, wells, mirrors, plaques and so on. On the other hand, the facade of the garden pavilion varies greatly according to different styles. But there is one thing in common, that is, the internal and external space permeates each other, and the facade appears to be open and clear. Some of them have doors and windows installed on four sides, such as the Tower Shadow Pavilion in the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, which shows that its function has gradually changed to practical aspects.

The facade of the garden pavilion can be divided into several types. This is the main factor determining the style and style of the garden pavilion. Such as: Chinese classical, Western classical traditional style. There are programs for this type, but the difficulty is that the construction is very complicated. The modern style garden pavilion has a variety of new styles such as flat roof, slope, curve and so on. The roof can be changed a little more. Such as folded plate, arc, wavy, or with new building materials, tiles, plates, or emphasize a certain part of the components and decoration to enrich the facade of the garden pavilion.

four. four. 3 garden flower racks

When it comes to flower racks, it is easy to think of the bean shed and melon racks in front and behind the house; first, production, and then planting flowers. The present flower rack has two functions. On the one hand, it is for people to rest and enjoy the scenery; on the other hand, it creates conditions for climbing plants to grow. Therefore, it can be said that the flower rack is the closest to the natural garden sketch. A group of flower bowls, a climbing scaffolding, a checkered wall for plants to climb, a pick with a flower board, and even a roof garden along a high-rise building, a grape canopy on the restaurant and dance floor, are often simple and profound, and play the role of the finishing touch. create indoor and outdoor, architecture and nature infiltrate into each other, integrated effect.

four. four. three. 1 main points of garden flower rack design:

There are many different styles in the courtyard, and the basic style is generally determined according to the preferences of the owners. The style of the garden can be simply divided into two categories: regular style and natural style. At present, private courtyards can be divided into four major schools in style: Asian Chinese style, Japanese style, European French style and British style. On the other hand, architecture has a variety of different styles and types, such as the gap between classical and modern, the contrast between avantgarde and tradition, and the difference between the East and the West. The common practice is to roughly determine the type of garden according to the style of the building. In the past, the typical Japanese courtyard style of miscellaneous wood garden and tea garden often integrated the natural scenery into the garden, giving people a sense of elegance and tranquillity. However, it is difficult to unify Japanese-style courtyard and western-style architecture, and Japanese-style courtyard and regular courtyard also feel incompatible, so the coordination between garden style and buildings should be taken into account.

Garden color is also one of the factors that affect the garden style. one of the techniques of color planning is to determine the main tone of the garden according to the architectural color and the surrounding environment. Foliage plants are very important in the design of gardens. In Britain and other European countries, it is natural to plant foliage plants in flower beds. Green variegated plants with white spots are brighter than pure green species, such as Saussurea involucrata with silver leaves, Artemisia annua, and so on, which can brighten the flower bed, while other colorful leaf plants with orange, red and purple leaves can form a strong contrast and increase the bright and pleasant feeling of tone. In addition, we can also consider the change of leaf shape, the difference of texture and so on.

Summer is a season with a wide variety of flowering plants, so you can make a variety of color combinations and adorn them with wild perennial flowers. In summer, even with a variety of color combinations with high color brightness, there will be no sense of clutter. For example, you can use gorgeous, different colors of goldfish grass to form a number of lively color blocks, which can be embellished with some silver leaf plants or white flower snowballs to neutralize.

three. 2 influence of garden drainage and light conditions

Drainage, light, ventilation and soil quality will affect the growth and development of plants, especially sufficient light is an important condition to determine which flowers can be cultivated. Generally speaking, it is most ideal to build the garden in a place with good light conditions and facing south, so we must first find out the geographical conditions of the villa garden, such as the sunshine time of the day, the treatment of the shady and sunny side, and so on. On this basis, the plant species suitable for these environments are selected. And the shade can also build a characteristic garden, such as a shady garden for viewing.

three. 3 the needs of family members

The garden style can also reflect the way of life of the families living here. In short, the style of the courtyard and the species of plants cultivated should be selected according to the composition of family members and age structure.

three. 4 the size of the courtyard area

Larger houses can choose a wide range of garden styles, because the larger the area, the more plant species to choose from, and the collocation can be more complicated, but the overall consistency must be taken into account when planting to avoid conflicts. On the other hand, the available area of the narrow house is limited, so there must be a careful configuration plan and fewer plant species should be planted.

Regardless of the size of the garden, the paving of the road is essential, and the general garden scriptures can be paved with natural stone or various floor tiles and black and white pebbles. The layout of the courtyard is crucial. Advocating simplicity can plant some flowers in the courtyard, or make a nursery of green plants. If you want to achieve a more ideal landscape effect, many people will hire professional designers to design and make the courtyard. For example, the use of zigzag paths with tall trees makes people feel "deep in the courtyard", while the use of curved arches, carved railings, column scrolls and carefully trimmed dwarf plants is a vivid reappearance of European amorous feelings.

four. The Landscape elements in the Villa Garden

The art of the layout of courtyard elements is the most important in gardening, and the overall layout is a kind of outline-led artistic creativity. The success of the layout is the key to the beauty of the garden.

Generally, according to the amount of experience of cultivated plants and the length of time available for flower management, the design of the garden should be different. Because conservation and management is very time-consuming, it is recommended that busy people build a garden dominated by flowers and perennial flowers, while people with conservation experience and time can build a garden that can watch the flowers of the four seasons. Although it takes time and energy, a single plant will certainly bring a corresponding return.

Generally speaking, there are not too many kinds of plants in the courtyard, one or two kinds of plants should be used as the main plants, and then one or two kinds of plants should be selected as matching. The choice of plants should match the overall courtyard style, and the level of plants should be clear, concise and beautiful. Evergreen plants are more suitable for the northern region.

Water is an indispensable spirit in many courtyards, and it can form a beautiful waterscape with all the elements in the courtyard. And wood can be said to play a finishing role in the villa courtyard. Make outdoor furniture, flower beds, flower racks, swing chairs, fences, no matter used in any corner of the courtyard, it will create a warm, comfortable, natural and harmonious atmosphere to meet people's urgent desire to return to nature. In the cobbled courtyard, put a simple wooden table and chair, you can fully integrate into the natural atmosphere. Especially in the north, wood products so that the northern winter will not reject people thousands of miles away. The color of wooden tables and chairs is relatively rich, there are log color, white, green and so on, in short, it should match with the overall courtyard style. What needs to be noted is that because the wood will change with the wind and rain in the open air, it has become a compulsory course for some families to put on new clothes for the wood every spring.

There are no fixed rules for the use of garden materials, but exquisite gardens are made up of plants, stones, sculptures, waterscape and other different materials through the combination of art. Therefore, if the material is used well, it can be very outstanding. For example, in the Japanese garden, the combination of trees and turf, with all kinds of wild rocks, soil slopes and gravel is very exquisite. All kinds of techniques are the imitation of natural artistic conception and interest, which can make people get spiritual edification and pleasure. Unique Japanese gardening techniques such as dry landscapes can really make people appreciate the artistic conception of Buddhism and Zen. On the other hand, the mountain-like landscape of the famous ornamental stones such as Taihu Stone and Lingbi Stone in China makes people admire the perfect combination of the beauty of nature's miraculous craftsmanship and the profound cultural heritage of Chinese garden art.

four. 1 plant

Plants are the main material for landscape construction, so whether the villa can achieve a practical, economic and beautiful effect depends to a large extent on the selection and configuration of garden plants.

There are many kinds of garden plants with different shapes. There are huge trees more than 100 meters high, lawns and ground covers as low as a few centimeters, erect, climbing and creeping, and trees of different shapes, such as conical, oval, umbrella-shaped, spherical, and so on. The leaves, flowers and fruits of plants are even more colorful and colorful, because of such good materials, we can use a large number of plants to increase scenic spots and cover private spaces in the design of our villa garden. at the same time, because of the diversity of plants, we can also make the four seasons of the garden. If we can feel the changes of the four seasons in the garden, it can better reflect the value of the garden. The role of garden plants in the construction of garden landscape is as follows:

4.1.1 . Performance of temporal landscape

Garden plants show different seasonal characteristics with seasonal changes, such as blooming flowers in spring, shady trees in summer, fruitful fruits in autumn and strong branches in winter. This ups and downs of the rhythm of life, for us to create the garden 04:00 evolution of the time series landscape provides the conditions. According to the seasonal changes of plants, the plants of different flowering periods are planted together, so that the same place in the garden produces a certain unique landscape in different periods, giving people different feelings and experiencing the changes of season.

In order to express the temporal landscape of garden plants, we must have an in-depth understanding of the growth and development law of plant materials and the landscape performance of the four seasons, and create garden scenery for people to appreciate according to the different colors of plant materials in different seasons. arouse people's different feelings. The color change of flowers and trees in nature is very rich, with the largest number of plants blooming in spring, coupled with the germination of leaves and buds, giving people the landscape effect of mountain flowers in full bloom and vitality. There are also many flowering plants in summer, but the more obvious seasonal feature is shady land and luxuriant forest and grass. There are few flowering plants in golden autumn, but there are cinnamon fragrance and autumn chrysanthemum proud frost, and the rich and colorful autumn leaves and fruits make the autumn scenery more beautiful. The grass and trees withered in the middle of winter, the mountains and cold waters are thin, showing a depressed, tragic landscape. The succession of the four seasons makes plants show different seasons, and the application of different seasons of plants to garden art forms the sequential landscape of 04:00 succession.

4.1.2 . Create garden scenic spots

As the main material to create a beautiful garden, garden plants have their own unique posture, color and charm. Different garden plants have different shapes and changes, which can not only be planted alone to show the beauty of the individual, but also can be arranged according to a certain way of composition to show the group beauty of plants, and can also be arranged and arranged skillfully according to their respective ecological habits. to create a community landscape with the combination of Arbor, shrub and grass.

Take Arbor as an example, ginkgo biloba is straight and imposing, Pinus tabulaeformis is vigorous, Magnolia is rich and noble, these trees are cultivated in isolation, they can constitute the main scene of the villa. And autumn discolored leaf species such as Acer truncatum and Ginkgo biloba can form a landscape of "frosted maple leaves unexpectedly red than February flowers". The fruitful fruits of many ornamental fruit trees, such as begonia, Hawthorn, pomegranate and so on, show a scene of bumper harvest.

Colorful herbaceous flowers are good materials to create the landscape of ornamental villas. Due to the wide variety of flowers, rich colors, short plants, garden applications are very common, and there are a variety of forms. Not only can be planted in the open field, but also potted plants can be placed to form flower beds and flower belts, or various forms of planting bowls can be used to decorate the environment in front of the villa window to create a pleasant natural landscape, set off a festive atmosphere and decorate people's lives.

Many garden plants are fragrant and pleasant, which can make people feel pleasant. For example, there are many kinds of fragrant garden plants, such as sweet-scented osmanthus, wax plum, cloves, orchids and rose. In the villa design, various fragrant plants can be used to create a "fragrant garden" landscape, or can be planted separately into a special kind of garden. such as clove garden, rose garden. It can also be planted in places with frequent activities, such as planting jasmine around the cool place in the midsummer night, sending fragrance in the breeze and refreshing.

4.1.3 . Conduct the creation of artistic conception

The use of garden plants to create artistic conception is a typical landscape style and precious cultural heritage of Chinese traditional gardens.

In the creation of garden landscape, we can express our feelings with the help of plants, put our feelings into the scene, and blend with each other. Songcangjin quaint, not afraid of frost and snow cold harsh environment, can stand at the top of the mountain in the cold; plum is not afraid of the cold, proud snow in full bloom; bamboo "has not been unearthed before there is a joint, even in the clouds also humble." The three kinds of plants all have the character of being steadfast and graceful, so they are called "old cold three friends". Its configuration form, artistic conception is elegant and distinct, and is often used in the garden of literati and honest officials. Orchids born in the valley, elegant leaves, elegant fragrance, lush green leaves, tender strips alone, no delicate state, no vulgar meaning, placed indoors or planted in a corner of the courtyard, how elegant the artistic conception is.

4.1.4 . Play the role of setting off the villa

The branches and leaves of plants show a soft curve, and the texture and color of different plants are different in visual perception. Soft plant materials are often used in villas to soften stiff geometric buildings, such as foundation planting, corner planting, wall greening and so on. Generally large, solemn facade, open line of sight around the villa, to choose high branches thick, crown to carry out the tree species; in exquisite and exquisite villa around, to choose some light branches, small leaves and dense tree species. The matching of garden plants and rocks can show the natural charm of undulating terrain and wild interest, while matching with the water body can form a reflection or cover the water source, resulting in a far-reaching feeling.

To grasp these roles of plants in villa landscape construction is the premise for us to carry out plant landscape construction smoothly, and all kinds of plant materials are the cornerstone of plant landscape construction.

The common plants for garden greening are as follows: ginkgo biloba (Ginkgobiloba), spruce (Picea), Pinus tabulaeformis (P. Tabulaeformis), Pinus bungeana (P. Bungeana, Pinus armandii (P. Armandi, Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Metasequoiaglyptostroboides), Yew (Taxuscuspidate), Magnolia (M. Denudata), Liriodendron mandshurica (Liriodendronchinense), Spiraea (Spiraea), Pearl Plum (Sorbariekirilowii, Rose (Rosarugosa), Rose Rosa (R. Xanthina), rose (R. Chinensis), Kerriajaponica, Prunussalicina, P. Armeniaca), Mei (P. Mume), peach (P. Persica, mountain peach (P. Davidiana), Prunus mume (P. Triloba), hairy cherry (P. Tomentosa), cherry blossom (P. Serrulata, Cotoneaster, Crataeguspinnatifida, Chaenomelessinensis, C. Speciosa), Apple (Maluspumila), Begonia (M. Prunifolia), flowering crabapple (M. Spectabilis, Pyrus, Chimonanthuspraecox, Cercischinensis, Gleditsiasinensis, Wisteriasinensis, Philadolphuspekinensis, Deutziascabra, Hydrangeamacrophylla, Cornusalba, Abeliachinensis, Kolkwitziaamabilis, Weigelaflorida, Sambucus, Lonicerajaponica, Platanusacerifolia, Buxussinica, B. Sempervirens, Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommiaulmoides), Tamarix (Tamarixchinensis), Tilia mongolica (Tiliamongolica), sycamore (Firmianasimplex), hibiscus (Hibiscussyriacus), pomegranate (Punicagranatum), holly (Ilexchinensis), Eucommia ulmoides (Euonymusalatus), silk wood (E. Bungeanus), Euonymus tomentosa (E. Japonicus, jujube (Zizyphusjujuba), grape (Vitisvinifera), Parthenocissus parthenocissus (parthenocissustricuspidata), persimmon (Diospyroskaki), Toona sinensis (Toonasinensis), Acer truncatum (Acertruncatum), Acer truncatum (A. Palmatum), Aesculuschinensis, Yingchun (J. Nudiflorum, lilac (Syringaoblata), forsythia (Forsythiasuspensa), Lingxiao (Campsisgrandiflora), peony (Paeoniasuffruticosa), Berberis (Berberisthunbergii), crape myrtle (Lagerstroemiaindica), bamboo (Phyllestachyspubescens).

four. 2 water body

As a part of garden design, garden water is a common form in a single 500 square meter villa. Now people yearn for places with water, but such places are too few, so people go to create water bodies. The characteristics of the garden water body are: small. But to do very exquisite, in the pool can not be too deep and not too shallow, this depends on the requirements of the user, such as the family has children, it is necessary to consider the safety of children and so on.

Garden water has a wide range of uses, which can be roughly summarized into the following three aspects:

one. As the subject of the landscape. Such as fountains, waterfalls, ponds and so on, all take water as the theme, water has become an important element of the villa, but also triggered endless poetry. Ice lanterns and ice sculptures are also an ornamental form of water under non-normal temperature conditions. two. Improve the garden environment, adjust the climate, control noise. Mineral water has a medical function, and negative ions have a cleaning function, which can not be ignored. three. Provide growth conditions for ornamental aquatic animals and plants in the garden and create the necessary environment for biodiversity. Such as the cultivation of various aquatic plants such as lotus, lotus and Reed, and the breeding of swans, mandarin ducks, koi and so on.

The above contents are not comprehensive, each garden water body, has its main functions, of which the most important and most common is the role of villa landscape. Although the water body of the villa is small, its role can not be ignored. The following is discussed from the aspects of the formation of water landscape, engineering design, water quality and water quantity requirements, landscape design and so on.

Water is a liquid at room temperature. There is no fixed shape, and the viewing effect depends on the shape of the water-holding object, the water quality, and the surrounding environment. The shape and appearance of water are all related to the receptacle. When the receptacle is designed, the water posture to be achieved will come out. Of course, it has something to do with the texture of the water itself. Generally speaking. The requirements of water are transparent, colorless and tasteless, and all kinds of water bodies have different uses and different requirements for water quality. On individual occasions, some people dye the water in order to watch and watch. The natural factors such as wind, temperature and light around the water body will also affect the ornamental effect of the water body. For example, the wind and clouds are surging and the waves are so rough that the reflection of the water cannot be appreciated; while the temperature drops and the water freezes, the glittering surface of the lake turns into a smooth and dazzling ice rink, and the fun to watch is used in different directions. The ornamental effect of light on the water body is more obvious, in order to achieve the effect, it is often necessary to supplement artificial lighting in the water body. At this time, the ornamental effect is often better than the best landscape effect during the day.

There are two main differences between the receptacles on which the garden water depends: one is the natural water bodies, such as lakes, ponds, streams and so on, whose slopes and bottoms are formed naturally. Second, the water body in the artificial state, such as fountain, swimming pool, etc., its side and bottom are artificial structures.

And when constructing the artificial environment of the water body, some cases need to cause special attention. For example, when the design elevation of the water body is much higher than the natural normal water level of the place, and the loose soil (sandy soil) is not easy to hold water, a waterproof layer must be built to maintain a relatively stable elevation of the water body to meet the requirements of landscape design. For example, the European-style viewing pool is often made now. Some water bodies have higher requirements for water quality in the design, such as swimming pools and leisure pools, which must be maintained by filtration circulation, or the water body must be changed regularly. At this time, a waterproof layer must be built to be cut off from the outside world.

Judging from the above requirements, the first is to emphasize the "quantity" of water bodies. To maintain the design elevation is actually to maintain the amount of water and is not affected by the fluctuation of the natural water level. The second is to emphasize the "quality" of water bodies. Therefore, at this time, the water body of the artificial environment must have certain area and capacity restrictions in order to control the project cost and maintenance cost. Therefore, we believe that it is best for garden water bodies to hold water in a natural way, one is to save investment and treatment costs, and the other is to achieve ecological balance, which is a very important idea, such as deciding to adopt artificial water bodies and strictly control their scale. so as not to carry a long-lasting burden.

four. 3 Garden Road

The garden road in the villa garden is mainly prominent: narrow, quiet and elegant. Narrow is the main feature of the garden road, because the service object is mainly family members and relatives and friends, there is no need to do so wide, otherwise not only waste, but also the garden is very cramped. You is through the tortuous shape, so that people have the illusion, feel deep, so that the garden highlights wide. Elegance is the highest state of the garden, can do more but not chaotic, less but not empty, both appreciative and practical. The range of garden road materials is very wide, and we will explain it in detail below, because the space of the garden is limited, which is relatively few in the garden road, so we can use the topographic change to increase the garden road. The following is some specific analysis of Garden Road:

four. three. 1 the linear design of garden road

The linear design of the garden road should be combined with topography, water bodies, plants, buildings, paving sites and other facilities to form a complete landscape composition and create a space for continuous display of the landscape or a perspective line to appreciate the scenery ahead. The linear design of the garden road should be primary and secondary, organize traffic and sightseeing, dense, tortuous and orderly. In order to organize the scenery, prolong the tourist route, expand the space, and make the garden road have appropriate twists and turns in space. A better design is based on the undulation of the terrain and the requirements of the surrounding functions, so that the main road is far away from the water surface. He intersects the scenic spots along the main road so that visitors can enjoy the main scenery. Create the road as part of the scene. The layout of the garden road should be sparse and dense according to the needs and should not be equal to each other, but the curve can not be used as easily as a straight line, and the appropriate curve can liberate people from the tense atmosphere and gain a comfortable sense of beauty.

four. three. 2 layout of garden road

The layout of the road is determined according to the content of the villa green space and the capacity of the users. It is necessary to make a clear distinction between priority and priority, adjust measures to local conditions, and cooperate closely. If the terrain is undulating, the garden road should surround the landscape, but it should not go horizontally. Because according to the mountain and water, there are many activities and facilities; the garden road where the terrain is gentle should be curved and soft, with high density, but do not form a grid.

The entrance of the garden road plays a role in guiding tourists into the courtyard. A successful entrance design will not only guide people forward, but also create a different atmosphere, and a wide garden road will give you the idea of hanging out. On the other hand, a narrow garden road will make people walk faster. The square set up in the middle of Garden Road provides visitors with a place to enjoy the scenery, rest and change the direction of walking. Because the courtyard road has the function of expressing the design intention, the material form and texture of the paved garden road are very important. And the form and route of paving play a role in conveying the intention of the courtyard designer. Straight lines, bends and geometry reflect the intention of planning design. On the other hand, the natural curve, loose pavement and some irregular shapes and natural design methods show the characteristics of irregular design.

four. three. (3) the function of garden road

The garden road not only has the function of decoration, but also has the function. For example, in order to allow tools such as lawn mowers and trolleys to pass, the main road of the courtyard needs to have a certain width and bearing capacity. The steps and paths close to the house should meet people's requirements, such as convenience for children, the elderly and the disabled. Some roads that are rarely used need not be so wide, fewer facilities can be set up, the road surface should be kept smooth, and even some stone paved roads must keep the tables and chairs on the road balanced. The paving materials with good friction resistance can be used on slippery slopes.

Whether it is an open space or a private space, the horizontal ground plays an important role in the courtyard. The balance of the road surface plays an important role in creating the garden atmosphere. The same kind of garden may appear open in one area, while it may be cramped in another. Therefore, the design of pavement in different environment will bring out different sense of balance, and the open space in the narrow road will make people feel open and form a comfortable rest area.

four. three. 4 selection of paving materials

With the same space in the garden and the same direction of the garden road, it is better to use the same style of pavement. Different paving in several different places make up the whole garden to achieve the goal of seeking change in unity. In fact, the paving of the garden road is used to express the different nature, use and region of the garden road.

In one type of pavement, it can be composed of blocks of different sizes, materials and assembly methods, and the key is what is laid and where. For example, the main trunk roads, traffic strong places, to be firm, flat, anti-skid, wear-resistant, simple and generous lines, easy construction and management. If you use the same kind of stone, change the size or the method of masonry. Paths, small spaces and leisure avenues can be rich and colorful, such as Chinese classical gardens. It is necessary to make an in-depth study of the characteristics of other garden elements where the garden road is located in order to create distinctive and well-known paving. For example, the bamboo path in Hangzhou is quiet, and the picture of crane between Suzhou Wufeng Fairy Pavilion and Crane is in harmony with the environment, poetic and picturesque. Ming Jicheng discussed this early in "Yuanye". "but in the wide mansion of the hall, lay a grinding brick, such as the path Seikei, long and messy stone, the atrium style should be stacked with victory, near the block can also be palindromes, and octagonal inlaid geese are selected to make Shu brocade."

The size and shape of the block material should not only be coordinated with the environment and space, but also suitable for free and tortuous linear paving, which is the key to simple construction; the surface thickness is moderate, the thickness should be feasible children's car, walking high heels, fine does not slip and fall in the rainy day, the block size modulus should be coordinated with the road width; the use of different materials, color, texture, shape and so on, the contrast should be strong. It is recommended to use more natural materials. Close to nature, simple, cheap and good quality, durable. Even old materials and wastes can be used as treasures after a little processing. In Japan, there is a kind of road surface with loose coarse sand, and we also had coal dust pavement in the past; crushed marble granite slabs are also widely used, and stone chips are commonly used as fillers.

four. 4 sketches

The sketches in the garden landscape refer to rockery, pavilions, flower racks, sculptures, tables and stools and other items that can be decorated in the garden. Generally speaking, these volumes are very small, but they can serve as the finishing touch in the garden. These sketches, whether attached to the scenery or relatively independent, should be carefully pondered by artistic processing in order to adapt to the specific environment of the garden and form a garden landscape that is properly tailored, properly configured, small but not cheap, so that it is not humble and complement each other. The use of sketches to organize the surrounding environment and external scenery to make the artistic conception of the garden more vivid and more poetic. From the point of view of shaping the environmental space, it is skillfully used to organize the scene in order to improve the overall environment and the appreciation value of the sketch itself.

four. four. 1 garden rockery

The art of mountain building, which is different from architectural design, can be expressed by drawings, and then constructed according to the drawings to achieve the original intention of the designer. The art of stacking mountains lies in that the natural stones must be ready-made and cannot be chiseled, otherwise they will not be natural. Therefore, the matter of stacking mountains can be said to apply the law in accordance with their aptitude. Chen Congzhou said in Shuoyuan: "the stone is amorphous, and the mountain has a law." This is the key to building mountains. The "rockery" referred to here is relative to the "real mountain" formed naturally. There are two kinds of rockery materials, one is natural rockery material, only in artificial masonry, cement as cementing material, based on concrete; the other is cement mixed mortar, steel wire mesh or GRC (low alkalinity fiberglass cement) as materials, artificial plastic rockery, also known as "plastic stone", "plastic mountain".

four. four. 1.1 main points of commonly used mountains and rocks in villa gardens

one. Lone admiring stone: Lake stone, axe split stone and stalagmite, which are simple and beautiful, with both shape and spirit, are often selected to be placed in the main position of the garden for people to watch. These solitary ornamental stones not only have the ornamental value of being thin, transparent, leaking, wrinkling and ugly, but also have great humanistic value and often become a scene in the garden because of their spread over the years. "there are many relics in Gen Yue, such as" Yu Linglong "in Shanghai Yuyuan Garden," Ruiyunfeng "in Suzhou," Crepe Yunfeng "in Hangzhou and" Qingzhiyi "in Beijing. According to legend, "Jade Linglong" is a relic of Flower Stone Class in "Water margin". It is famous for "setting stone bottom with furnace incense, smoke from hole hole, filling stone top with a pellet of water, and hole spring flow". "Green sesame. Mi Zhizhang, a former Song calligrapher, is now inscribed with Qianlong's seven-character poems. Of course, there are also monuments built on trees with the help of solitary stones, such as the monument to Mr. Fujino in the Peony Garden in Luoyang, Henan Province. The dry mountain stone in Japan focuses on the group effect of layout, which is different from the lone appreciation stone in China.

two. Cliff stone: it is clearly planned that in "Yuanye", "the cliff mountain, the wall is also, with the powder wall as paper, stone as painting." "Quartz stone, lake stone, axe stone and so on are commonly used with plants, relief and running water. Decorated in the pink wall of the courtyard and the lobby of the hotel, it has become a shining landscape painting that occupies less space.

three. Scattered stones: Yellowstone, lake stone, quartz stone, thousand-layer stone, axe split stone, stalagmite, granite, etc., scattered in groups along the roadside, under the forest, in the foothills, at the edge of steps, in the corners of buildings, in coordination with the topography, planting flowers and trees sometimes become natural stools, sometimes become the base of potted plants, and sometimes become the transition of local height difference and material changes, which is a very natural embellishment and hint. This is the most extensive application of mountains and stones in gardens.

four. Barge stone: commonly used Yellowstone, lake stone, thousand-layer stone, or along the water surface, or along the height difference changes in the foothills, high and low scattered, before and after changes, play the role of barge, but also as a retaining wall, at the same time make it natural and beautiful.

five. Mountain waterfall: based on the landscape topography, pile up Yellowstone, lake stone, granite and thousand-layer stone, diverting water from top to bottom, forming a waterfall. This practice, commonly known as "earthen stone", is the most common practice at present.

four. four. one. 2 main points of stacking mountains and rocks

1. The selection of mountains and rocks should meet the requirements of the overall planning and be coordinated with the whole topography and geomorphology. "Mountain, bone in stone, bedding in forest, spirit in water". The materials and practices of rocks actually indicate the existence of a type of geological structure. In the case of being covered by soil, gravel and vegetation, people can only feel the shape and direction of the mountain forest. If the cover is removed, the "mountain bones" will be completely removed.

2. Do not mix many kinds of rocks in the same area. When stacking, it is not easy to achieve the coordination of quality, color, grain, face, body and posture.

3. For the stacking shape of mountains and rocks, there are ten traditional techniques of "Mountain and Stone Zhang": safety, connection, span, suspension, fight, card, connection, droop, sword, and fight. Pay more attention to the worship of nature, simple and unadorned. In particular, the use of thousand-layer stone, granite, requires the overall effect, rather than solitary stone viewing. The overall modeling should not only be in line with the laws of nature, but also be highly summarized and promoted in reason, which is unexpected.

four. The basis of the rockery. The solitary appreciation of stones and caves should pay attention to the firmness of their foundation because of the concentrated load. If the mountain and rock waterfall is built on the old soil (it has been built for several years in the past), it can be tamped with a layer of steel concrete as the foundation on the rammed plain soil and gravel. If it is built on a new pile of earth, it is necessary to make more efforts to prevent cracks due to settlement, soil and water erosion due to leakage, gradual deformation and distortion, resulting in danger. The safety of rocks is the first major point in the stacking of rockery.

five. The modeling design of real materials (natural stone) and fake materials (GRC, etc.) can be regarded as a good policy and an innovation. Especially at the turning point and upside-down place where the construction is difficult, and where people are out of reach, the use of artificial rockery can often take up less space and reduce the load, and the overall effect is good. CRC material should pay special attention to the quality of fiberglass, such as 800yuan / square meter, and the real material is almost the same.

six. Rocks are natural things, with natural texture, outline, shape, pure texture, simple and unadorned, but belong to the category of inanimate building materials. Therefore, mountains and rocks are a transition between natural environment and architectural space, a kind of intermediate. "there is no garden without stone", but it can only be used as embellishment, hint, sustenance and supplement for local scenic spots. Do not apply it indiscriminately, which will cause the cost to rise and lose the ecological significance of gardening.

four. four. one. (3) the basic techniques of building mountains in the garden

The shape of the rockery should be virtual and decent, such as the rockery of Suzhou Yiyuan, which has the feeling of peak love and the meaning of cave gully; the rockery of Suzhou Huanxiu Villa can be described as an excellent work, in which the treatment of deficiency and reality is the place to win. The rockery of Lion Forest in Suzhou has no priority in dealing with deficiency and reality, which is not a good product. So Shen Sanbai of the Qing Dynasty said that it "looked at it in terms of the general situation, unexpectedly piled coal cinder at random, accumulated moss, wore ant nests, and had no momentum of mountains and forests at all."

One is the selection of stones. The quality of stone should be unified, and Yellowstone and lake stone should not be mixed. If subdivided, there are Taihu Stone, Kunshan Stone, Yixing Stone, Longtan Stone, Lingbi Stone, Yanshan Stone, Quartz Stone, Yellowstone and so on. The unity of stone is also out of nature. The nature of the mountain, the stone must be unified. The first rule of art is "change and unity". The stone is unified and the shape changes, which is in line with the law of art.

The second is styling. The so-called rockery, in fact, is not fake, its temperament is even better than the real mountain. People say that "the scenery is picturesque", which means that the scenery of the painting can be chosen, which is better than the scenery. However, if the rockery is not well piled up, it is not among them. The rockery shape, the wheel corridor line must have the change, but also must obtain the balance in the change. "the mountain is not high, it is expensive at different levels,." (Chen Congzhou's Shuo Yuan) the hierarchical beauty in art lies in concealment and implication. There is a sense of hierarchy in the mountains, and the most important thing is that the peak love should have a three-dimensional layout. Before and after, it seems to show a sense of "high mountains". If the back is covered by the front, it is more likely to show the lofty momentum and strength of the mountain. The autumn mountain of a garden in Yangzhou can be called the top grade of the Huangshi rockery. Real but not boring, tall and strangely dangerous. If you talk about specific techniques, you should pay more attention to the word "virtual"; pay attention to the concave and convex changes of the mountain shape and the size of the cave gully.

The third is precipitous. Rockery simulates a mountain, imitating temperament, not a model of a real mountain. To get rid of the dregs and take the essence. The beauty of the real mountain, one is majestic and vigorous, the other is steep and straight. Although the rockery is small, its posture temperament is no less than the grandeur and adventure of the real mountain. In order to achieve the precipitous situation, one way is that its lower part should be small, not big, and should not be closed. One of the reasons why the mountains are not beautiful is that the lower part of the mountain is too fat and stuffy and lacks a sense of steepness.

Especially Li Feng, single stone, must pay more attention to the beauty of precipitous. Most of the precious single stone and Lifeng have the beauty of precipitous. The three famous stones in the south of the Yangtze River: Ruiyunfeng in Suzhou, Jade Linglong in Shanghai (Yuyuan Garden) and Crepe Yunfeng in Hangzhou are no less than the "three famous stones in the south of the Yangtze River" in terms of shape, regardless of their wheelhouse lines and the relationship between virtual and real, they all conform to the principle of Shen beauty of mountains and rocks, but it is more beautiful in steepness.

The fourth is artistic conception. There are different types of artistic conception of mountains. It is often said that Mount Tai is famous for its male and Huangshan is famous for its oddity. Huashan Insurance, Emei Show and Lushan fans have different aesthetic characteristics. Rockery is also divided into these types, so it is necessary to choose an aesthetic tendency and then deliberately pursue it. Rockery is a kind of art, and its artistic conception should be mountains, rather than being false dragons and tigers. It is unavoidably vulgar to make such a concrete image.

four. four. 2 Garden Pavilion Design

The garden pavilion here refers to the exquisite small buildings in the garden and green space. Can be divided into two categories, one is for people to rest and watch the pavilion, and the other is a practical function of storage huts, sunlight greenhouses and so on. Mainly use the courtyard with space of more than 500 square meters.

four. four. two. 1 selection of location