The Battle of epidemic Prevention and Kitchen waste 07 "Total inventory of production and removal of Kitchen waste in Taiwan (Yunlin Pingtung)

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(upstream and downstream reporters Liu Yixin and Lin Xiejun / tr. by Phil Newell)

If African classical swine fever breaks out tomorrow, food waste will immediately become a battlefield. Are all places ready? "upstream and downstream" contact local environmental protection bureaus to obtain first-line information. For the inventory of Yunlin and Pingtung, which has banned food waste, please click here to read the inventory of Liudu. (other counties and cities are taking stock one after another and will continue to publish)

(background note: the following food waste recycling figures are official statistics, but many food waste pig farmers say that the official statistics on food waste are not accurate, because there has been a long-standing situation of "reporting more than food waste" in the process of food waste recovery. Private operators drive minivans with buckets of food waste on them, so they accept them everywhere, mostly for households, snack bars and night markets, which may not be included in the statistics. Please refer to readers.)

Yunlin: 67 tons of cooked kitchen waste per day, making meat and bone meal and composting.

In order to prevent and stop the epidemic of classical swine fever in Africa, Yunlin, which is mainly raising white pigs, was banned from raising pigs by the county government, but the removal of food waste has become the primary problem. Zhang Qiaowei, director of the Yunlin County Government Environmental Protection Bureau, points out that Yunlin County has a daily surplus of about 21 metric tons of raw kitchen, and about 27 metric tons of cooked kitchen leftovers per day. The surplus of business cooked kitchens, including restaurants and schools, is roughly estimated to be 40 metric tons, but if the water is drained, it is about 20 metric tons.

At present, the raw kitchen waste is sent to the composting plant for treatment, while the cooked kitchen waste is sent to the chemical plant to make meat and bone meal, and then mixed with raw kitchen waste to compost. Through the treatment of the three chemical plants in the county, the estimated capacity can reach more than 100 metric tons per day. Zhang further explained that Yunlin cooked kitchen waste was sent to the chemical plant, and after it was broken, it was boiled at 150 degrees Celsius, dehydrated and drained, stirred and stirred continuously at high temperature until it became meat and bone meal. Because of its high protein content, it is mixed with raw food waste and becomes a high-quality fertilizer.

Zhang Qiaowei said that after banning the raising of pigs with food waste at one stroke, the main difficulties encountered were insufficient manpower, insufficient machinery, the need for assistance from the central government, and the problem of excessive moisture in kitchen waste, so he had already fought with the central government for water drainage equipment. Since the ban on raising pigs with food waste, the Yunlin county government has allocated a budget of 300 million to 40 million yuan for dehydration equipment, transport vehicles, labor, and so on. Zhang stressed that it cannot be done until all the equipment is in place and the central government allocates the budget. "it can only be adjusted at the same time. No matter how much money the county government spends, it should make every effort to ban raising pigs from food waste. This is the pork industry that affects 200 billion of the industry."

The capacity of direct composting of cooked kitchen surplus is insufficient in the county.

Zhang Qiaowei said that food waste from restaurants in other counties and cities is used for raising pigs, but the Yunlin county government completely forbids raising pigs. All restaurant and snack food waste is transported by cleaning teams from various parts of Yunlin County to chemical plants. A few large-scale restaurants and factories will be sent directly to the chemical plant. As to whether the manpower of local cleaning teams is sufficient, he responded that it is still being evaluated and transferred.

After the ban on raising pigs with food waste, the restaurant operator must apply to the cleaning team to carry the food waste at a cost of 150 yuan per barrel of 60 kilograms. In the past, catering operators could sell food waste, but now they have to pay extra to transport food waste. Zhang explains that not every restaurant sells food waste to pig farmers, and some pay pig farmers to collect food waste. But there are a large number of snack bars, is there really a way to master them all? Zhang responded that through the information on the health system of the county government, he has mastered more than 3900 restaurants, and he has already mastered all the catering operators, and the public office has long had a list, including shops in traditional markets.

Cooked kitchen leftovers can also be used as compost directly, but the amount of compost in Yunlin County is not enough to cope with. Zhang Qiaowei points out that at present, a composting plant cooperated by the Yunlin county government can handle 30 metric tons a day to handle raw kitchen surplus. Composting must have relevant equipment, fertilizer registration certificate and other relevant testing, and reach 130 degrees high temperature sterilization. There are nine folk composting sites in Yunlin. At present, they collect more livestock manure, fruit and vegetable residues, and so on. "however, Yunlin does not rule out any resources and will continue to make assessments."

The food waste of the school is also collected and transported by the cleaning team. Zhang estimates that the amount of kitchen waste in schools in Yunlin County is about six metric tons a day, in addition to promoting the reduction of food waste and reducing food waste from the source. At present, we are also taking stock of the characteristics of various schools and promoting the school's independent composting program according to the situation. Yunlin School has a large area, and many grasslands and flower beds can actually be used for composting. As for the problem of odor, Zhang explained that the kitchen waste generated on that day would not smell if covered with soil on that day, and no additional equipment would be needed to deal with it.

The cleaning team was short of manpower and equipment, and asked the county government for more resources.

Due to the total ban on raising pigs with food waste in Yunlin County, the heavy responsibility for food waste recycling falls on the cleaning teams of villages and towns. The Huwei cleaning team said that schools and catering operators in various places will apply to the cleaning team to transport food waste, which will then be transported by the cleaning team. It is not estimated how much food waste will be increased. As for the deployment of manpower, the Huwei cleaning team points out that depending on the dispatch of the county environmental protection bureau, "at present, the cleaning team is short of manpower and equipment, and is not very able to deal with these kitchen leftovers, which has been reported to the Environmental Protection Bureau."

Huang Yidong, captain of the Dou Liu cleaning team, said that Dou Liu now has about six tons of raw kitchen and six to seven tons of cooked kitchen left. after the food waste is banned from feeding pigs, there are 400 outsourced pig farmers. 200 catering operators need to register with the cleaning team, and it is estimated that the recovery of cooked food waste will increase to about 15 tons. It is estimated that four more recycling vehicles will be needed, each of which requires three manpower. Therefore, it is estimated that 12 additional personnel will be needed.

Huang Yidong says that at present, he knows that the place has a plan to buy a kitchen waste dehydrator, and if it is estimated on the basis of Dou Liu's current capacity of six tons a day, it may take a day to deal with dehydration, saying frankly, "there is no time to work at all." Huang said that 12 additional workers are needed for the recycling of cooked kitchen leftovers, and if further processing is to be carried out, six more people will have to be added, with a total estimated manpower of 18 to 20.

Second, Pingtung: daily production of 48 tons of kitchen waste, in the past is not enough for pigs to eat, food waste ban has a great impact

According to the statistics of the Pingtung County Environmental Protection Bureau, Pingtung County produces about 48 tons of food waste per day, 38 tons of garbage recycled by garbage trucks, schools, barracks and public offices (belonging to "general waste"), and 10 tons of food waste (belonging to "business waste") generated by stores and restaurants. In the past, nine Chengdu relied on pig farms for digestion, and only a small part of it was used for composting.

Yu Dongbi, chief of the waste management section of the Pingtung County Environmental Protection Bureau, explains that Pingtung is located in the countryside, and residents generally do not distinguish between the concept and practice of raw and cooked kitchen waste, so they are usually mixed with recycling and disposal; as for the fruit and vegetable residue produced in the fruit and vegetable market, will be specifically sent to the composting site for composting.

In particular, there is a large demand for food waste in Pingtung pig farms. Among the 53 pig farms that have passed the "reuse check", there are a total of 2043 tons of food waste per month, of which only more than 300 tons are generated from the jurisdiction. The rest are received from restaurants, schools and public offices in other counties and cities (about 1700 tons per month), which is equivalent to the 53 "reuse check" pig farms receiving 58 tons of food waste from outside the county (mainly by Kaohsiung, accounting for 80%). The rest is Tainan). It can be seen that Pingtung has digested a large amount of kitchen waste outside the county for a long time, and the total amount even exceeds the amount of kitchen waste produced by itself (48 tons per day).

Yu Dongbi said that under the influence of the national "food waste ban," Pingdongnan and Wandan have failed to bid for food waste recycling bidding for many times at the beginning of this year, and are actively looking for manufacturers who are willing to take over. To avoid causing food waste to have nowhere to go and random dumping.

In the past, nine percent of the food waste in Pingtung County relied on pig farms for digestion. (photo courtesy of Pingtung County Environmental Protection Bureau)

If you do not help other counties and cities digest, there is more than enough to deal with the kitchen waste in the county.

In the part of food waste removal, Yu Dongbi said that as long as pig farms within their jurisdiction no longer accept food waste from other counties and cities, it is actually "more than enough" to completely digest their own food waste within their jurisdiction, because in the past, there were nearly 58 tons of out-of-county kitchen waste received by pig farms alone, which exceeded the daily production of food waste in Pingdong County (48 tons), indicating that pig farms still have spare power to deal with food waste in the county. "We have issued a document urging livestock farms to stop buying food waste from other counties and cities, taking into account the risk of virus transmission, so as to avoid the spread of the virus and at the same time not increase our own burden on food waste disposal." "We asked them to stop helping other counties and cities digest food waste and just absorb our own."

On the 11th, the Pingtung county government invited operators who caused food waste and various food waste pig farms to hold a briefing to discuss the relevant measures for the "food waste ban," as well as an inventory of the county's transportation capacity and food waste removal pipes.

Bury before incineration

At present, there are five public composting plants in Pingtung County, which are of a small scale and can handle 1-3 tons of food waste a day, while there are eight private composting plants with monthly handling capacity ranging from hundreds to thousands, which are responsible for the treatment of raw kitchen waste, such as plant residues, which can be used as organic fertilizer. As for the incineration plant, there is also an incineration plant, which can handle up to 900 tons of garbage a day, but the general operating capacity is 750 tons a day, which is calculated according to the environmental laws and regulations that "the ratio of kitchen waste to garbage is limited to 5%." it can digest about 40 tons of food waste on the same day.

If a ban on food waste is temporarily initiated in Taiwan, the priority of food waste in Pingtung will be sent to the Kuanliao landfill for burial, or it will be sent to the Kuanding incinerator for incineration.

Yu Dongbi explained that the current five public composting sites have limited capacity and can only deal with food waste in their own county, while private composting sites are mainly raw food waste (pericarp) and cannot urgently cope with a large amount of cooked food waste, so it is not the first choice for the removal of food waste at present. As for the Hengliao landfill, which can handle 100 tons of garbage a day, it will require that the food waste be dehydrated before it is transported, and that it will no longer digest the food waste of other counties and cities, which is equivalent to only 16 tons of 48 tons of food waste under its jurisdiction after dehydration and reduction of accumulation. the capacity is very sufficient.

Yu pointed out that the county government has also purchased large-scale dehydration facilities, and will even encourage households and restaurants to drain their own food waste before recycling, which will be relatively convenient for subsequent incinerator disposal.

The chemical plant is given priority to emergency use and recycling is encouraged.

Is it possible to start chemical production plants in other counties and cities to deal with kitchen waste? In response, he responded that there are a total of four chemical plants (private) in Pingtung, which are the major cities of domestic chemical plants. At present, plans have been made for the emergency disposal of livestock carcasses in the future in case of an outbreak. "if you want to support food waste, of course. It's just that it's reserved for emergency use at present."

As for the long-term plan for the removal of food waste, Yu Dongbi also said that in addition to following the advice of the central government to instruct large-scale kitchen waste producers to set up their own food waste treatment equipment, they will also plan to set up a regional treatment center near the Liao Liao landfill, increase the landfill capacity of food waste, and encourage large livestock farms such as Donghaifeng Animal Farm to turn to the treatment of food waste. "they were originally mainly dealing with livestock manure, equipped with anaerobic fermentation equipment. In fact, kitchen waste can be used for many purposes, depending on whether to use it to generate electricity or to turn it into organic fertilizer, that is, to encourage the industry to develop reuse technology and allow food waste to be recycled. "

Series of reports on African Classical Swine Fever epidemic Prevention and Kitchen waste War

(for news related to African classical swine fever, please click here to read)

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