Production Technology of Green Agricultural products Sesame

1. The base selects green agricultural products. There is no pollution source around the sesame production base (within 2000 meters). The atmospheric environment meets the atmospheric quality of the green food base. The irrigation water quality of the farmland meets the irrigation water quality standard of the green food base. The soil quality of the farmland meets the environmental standard of the green food base.

2. Liaozhi 1, Liaozhi 2 and Batongbai were selected as varieties.

3 Main cultivation techniques

3.1 crop rotation and early sowing

According to research, sesame roots can secrete a substance that remains in the soil after sesame harvest, which can promote the reproduction of certain soil microorganisms, thereby accelerating the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, increasing soil nutrients and improving soil fertility. At the same time, these microorganisms are beneficial to cereal crops, but unfavorable to soybeans and sesame seeds. If sesame crops are planted in soybean or continuous sesame, the disease is serious, especially in the years with more rain, the incidence of sesame is heavier, and about 50% in individual years, so continuous cropping is avoided.

Although sesame is not strict with soil requirements, it requires a relatively dry environment in the later stage of growth, and is most afraid of flooding. Therefore, it should be planted on flat and sloping land with high dry terrain and loose fertility. The soil should be sandy loam, not planted in saline-alkali land, heavy clay land and low-lying waterlogging land.

In order to reduce pest damage and maintain stable and high yield, sesame should be rotated reasonably with sorghum, corn or millet, preferably once every three years.

3.2 Fine soil preparation to preserve soil moisture

Sesame is dicotyledonous plant, seed is small, arch ability is weak, to soil preparation requirement is higher, requirement tillage layer is empty below solid, topsoil is fine, net, conserve moisture good. Therefore, before sowing, fine soil preparation should be carried out, ploughing and harrowing should be done to preserve soil moisture, picking up stubble, breaking up garbage and making soil fine. In particular, it is necessary to timely top Ling, rake and roll to preserve moisture. Irrigation and soil moisture preservation should be done well before sowing in plots with irrigation conditions.

3.3 scientific fertilization

Scientific fertilization is an important measure to ensure high yield of sesame. According to the current soil fertility status of our city, in order to obtain a yield of more than 100 kg per 667 square meters, 2500~3000 kg of high-quality farm manure and 10 kg of ternary compound fertilizer should be applied to 667 square meters. Sesame flowering stage need more fertilizer, to bud or initial flowering stage per 667 square meters urea 10 kg is appropriate.

3.4 Select fine varieties and do a good job in seed treatment

Liaozhi No. 1, Liaozhi No. 2 and Batongbai are high-yield and high-quality varieties at present, with growth period of 100~110 days, wide adaptability, strong lodging resistance and cold resistance, and high yield. Generally, the yield of 667 square meters is about 150 kg. Before sowing, dustpan should be used to select seeds to ensure full seeds.

In order to reduce the harm of pests and diseases, seeds should be disinfected before sowing. Available seed weight of 0.2% carbendazim or 0.3% copper sulfate solution soaking 1~2 hours, washed with water after drying sowing. You can also use a small bag to hold seeds one day before sowing, soak them in the prepared 0.5% copper sulfate solution, and take them out after 30 minutes, spread them in the dark and dry them in the shade, and they can be used for sowing.

3.5 Sow seeds at the right time to ensure complete seedlings

Sowing is an important link in sesame production. We must change the habit of late sowing and sow in due time. Sowing should be carried out when the soil is 10 cm deep and the temperature is stable above 12℃. Sowing too late, feet high, fruit thin, yellow shoots more, low yield. The results of sowing date test showed that sowing in early May was suitable. Sesame seeds are mostly drilled, with a seeding rate of 0.5~0.75 kg per 667 square meters and a soil thickness of 1~2 cm. 2~3 days before sowing, wet the dung with water, sprinkle the dung first after trenching, and do not cover the soil after planting, and press the seeds twice continuously. If the moisture content is not good when sowing, it should be planted with water.

3.6 rational close planting

At present, the varieties planted in production are mostly single-stem varieties, the row spacing is 40~44 cm, and the seedlings are 12,000 plants per 667 square meters on the flat ground. 15,000 seedlings per 667 square meters on sloping land. If the varieties planted are branched, the row spacing is 42~44 cm, 10,000 seedlings per 667 square meters on flat land and 12,000 seedlings per 667 square meters on sloping land.

3.7 strengthen field management

3.7.1 Breaking the hard cover Sesame seeds often encounter rainfall after sowing and before emergence, forming a layer of hard cover on the ground, which is not conducive to emergence. The hard cover should be broken with iron rake in time. After sowing, when encountering drought wind topsoil moisture loss, irrigation and hard cover breaking should also be carried out in time.

3.7.2 Early seedlings, early seedlings in order to avoid crowding and competition for water, fertilizer, glory. Early seedlings and early seedlings should be carried out. The seedlings should be fixed when one pair of true leaves appears and when two to three pairs of true leaves appear. When fixing seedlings, it can be combined with transplanting and replanting. Before transplanting, it should be irrigated thoroughly to make the roots of seedlings closely combine with the soil so as to transplant with soil. After digging holes for transplanting, it should be watered and covered with soil.

3.7.3 In order to create a good loose soil environment for sesame growth, the soil should be shoveled at seedling stage, bud stage and flowering stage, and combined with topdressing for soil cultivation. It is required to do three shovels and two trips, the depth is shallow, deep and shallow, and stop shoveling after sealing. Pull out large weeds when they are harmful.

3.7.4 Irrigation sesame bud, flowering and capsule stage in case of drought, plant growth slow, flower drop, capsule number reduced, seed increased, oil content decreased, so should be timely irrigation. In case of flood at the later stage of growth, drainage should be carried out in time.

3.7.5 To control diseases and insect pests, weeds must be eradicated at the edge of sesame fields and overwintering hosts must be eliminated. Combined with spring soil preparation, killing overwintering pests, control of more than 3 instars of cutworm larvae should be artificially killed in the morning and evening. Use fully decomposed fertilizer, reduce parasitic eggs, and use light to trap adults.

Green agricultural products sesame disease control should take comprehensive control measures, in addition to seed treatment before sowing. In the field, the diseased plants are uprooted and burned out of the field in time to prevent the spread of germs again.

When seedling blight occurs, shoveling management should be strengthened to improve soil temperature and reduce damage. 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution, 70% thiophanate-methyl 500~800 times solution, 72.2% prolik solution 60~100 ml water 30~50 liters spray and other pesticides should be sprayed in time to control bacterial wilt and leaf spot during growth period.

3.7.6 Tipping and flower breaking sesame is an infinite growth inflorescence. In order to promote the consistent maturity of sesame, increase grain weight, improve yield and facilitate harvest, it is about 10% higher than that without tipping and flower breaking before and after summer. The method of tip breaking flower is to pinch the sesame stem end by hand about 1 cm.

3.7.7 Timely harvest sesame late harvest easy to drop seeds, resulting in high yield not harvest. Therefore, harvest one or two capsules in the lower part of the plant when they are about to open.