Discussion on comprehensive cultivation techniques of high quality and pollution-free summer sesame

Sesame is a staple crop in Linquan County. It is a dominant industry among economic crops. It is famous both at home and abroad for its large area, high yield and excellent quality. The county "Baoding Grain and Oil Co., Ltd." and many other sesame processing leading enterprises produced "Shenghe brand" sesame oil,"Longmao brand" refined sesame,"Yingxian brand" washed sesame, has obtained China green food A standard certification and pollution-free agricultural products certification. In order to improve the quality of sesame and meet the production requirements of pollution-free agricultural products, on the basis of popularizing the achievements of "six reform measures of sesame" studied by the county, a set of "pollution-free high-quality summer sesame cultivation techniques with a yield of 1125~1500kg/ha" has been explored through comprehensive experiments and demonstrations for many years. This technique has won the county science and technology progress award and has been widely popularized and applied.

1 Control of pollution

In accordance with the national environmental quality standards for pollution-free agricultural products, pollution-free technical control measures shall be implemented.

2. Selection of improved varieties

Single culm varieties with high quality, high yield, strong resistance, pure white seeds, high oil yield and good commodity quality were selected. Such as Yuzhi No. 10, Yuzhi No. 11, etc.

3 Reasonable rotation

Sesame avoid continuous cropping, sesame blight, stem blight by the soil infection disease. Sesame continuous cropping disease aggravated, light yield reduction, heavy harvest. Therefore, sesame rotation should be 3~4 years apart, and it can be rotated with sweet potato, corn and soybean.

4 Deep and high furrows

The rainfall from June to August in Huaibei Plain is more than that in the whole year, and its distribution is uneven in time and space. Waterlogging disaster threatens sesame production greatly. For plots with poor drainage and low-lying terrain, it is necessary to complete the furrow, generally the width of the furrow is 2~2.5m, the width of the furrow is 0.3~0.4m, and the depth of the furrow is 0.2m, so as to achieve the effect of no ponding on the surface of the furrow when the rain stops.

5 Scientific fertilization

Although sesame is drought tolerant and barren, rational fertilizer and water application can greatly increase yield. Sprinkle irrigation once in combination with topdressing in bud stage. The principle of topdressing is light application in seedling stage and heavy application in bud stage. For fields with a yield of 1125~1500kg/ha, 75~105kg/ha of pure nitrogen, 45~90kg/ha of phosphorus pentoxide, 75~120kg/ha of potassium oxide, 15kg/ha of zinc sulfate and 7.5 kg/ha of boron fertilizer are applied before sowing. Urea 75~120kg/ha was applied when 80% of the plants in the whole field were flowering. Spraying 0.2% boron fertilizer and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture at flowering stage can increase grain weight.

6 Reasonable density

The planting density of sesame should be determined according to soil fertility, variety characteristics and early or late sowing date. At present, the varieties popularized are mainly single culm varieties, sesame basically has no branches. For plots with high soil fertility, 120,000 ~ 135,000 seedlings/hectare sown in mid-late May and 150,000 ~ 165,000 seedlings/hectare sown in early and middle June; for plots with medium soil fertility, 135,000 ~ 150,000 seedlings/hectare sown in mid-late May and 165,000 ~ 180,000 seedlings/hectare sown in early and middle June.

7 fine tubes

7.1 Summer sesame seeds sown early in the middle of May to early June, the yield of early sowing is high. The sowing rate is 6~ 7.5 kg/ha.

7.2 Chemical regulation: Soak seeds with 100mg/kg chlormequat for 1~2h before sowing, wash and air slightly, mix 50% carbendazim powder with 10kg seeds, promote rhizome thickening, improve lodging resistance and prevent diseases at the same time.

7.3 Thinning and fixing seedlings in time: 2 pairs of true leaf seedlings, 3~4 pairs of true leaf seedlings.

7.4 The principle of no tillage before rain should be mastered in due time. Chemical weeding can be closed by spraying 50% acetochlor EC 1.5kg/ha before weeds emerge after sowing and 750kg/ha of water evenly on the soil surface. It can also be closed by spraying 750~ 900ml/ha of 10.8% high efficiency clopramide at seedling stage. The control effect is better when spraying 750~ 900kg/ha of water.

7.5 Comprehensive pest control is based on agricultural control, mainly biological control, supplemented by chemical control. Such as crop rotation, garden cleaning, disease and insect resistant varieties, etc. Spray 600 times solution of 50% carbendazim once at seedling stage and flowering stage respectively.

7.6 Topping at the end of sesame flowering (usually from the end of July to the beginning of August) to promote early maturity, attack grain weight, strictly prohibit leaf beating. 50% carbendazim 600 times solution and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture were sprayed once immediately after topping to increase the disease resistance and photosynthetic efficiency of sesame in late stage, delay leaf senescence and improve 1000-grain weight.

8 Timely harvest

Sesame plants should be harvested when they are yellow and should be harvested in the morning or evening to reduce seed loss. The method of drying sesame seeds in small bundles with 15~20 plants per bundle was adopted to prevent the seeds from mildewing and darkening, which would affect the commercial quality of sesame seeds.