Artificial cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine "Ganoderma lucidum"

Ganoderma lucidum: alias bacteria Ganoderma lucidum, wood Ganoderma lucidum, is a lower plant, belongs to the family Polyporaceae. Taking fruit body and spores as medicine, it has the functions of nourishing, brain-strengthening, strong, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, stomach-strengthening, etc.

I. growth habits

Ganoderma lucidum is a high temperature saprophytic fungus. The fruiting body is 18. Below C can not differentiate and develop, at 24-28. The differentiation and development between C was rapid, and the mycelium growth temperature was 3-40. C, to 24-30. C grows rapidly. Spore germination and mycelium growth do not need light, but the differentiation and development of fruiting body need astigmatism, phototropism and good gas, such as poor ventilation affects growth and development, but is beneficial to the growth of fungal stalk. The requirement of air humidity is also high, which is suitable for 85-90%.

2. Cultivation techniques

1. Bottle planting

Preparation of ⑴ medium. The composition of the culture medium is sawdust and wheat bran, the ratio is 3:1. Sawdust from broad-leaved trees is usually used. Add the right amount of water, mix well, hold water between the fingers without dripping for the degree, too much water, too little water will not be used in the development of hyphae and the formation of fruiting bodies.

⑵ bottled. The prepared medium is immediately packed into a jar and compacted. The appropriate amount is about 3-5 cm from the mouth of the bottle, then use a stick or glass stick about 1 cm in diameter to make a small hole from top to bottom in the center of the bottle to facilitate the reproduction of mycelium. The mouth of the bottle is covered with a cotton stopper about 1 cm thick with two layers of fried cloth 12 cm square, wrapped with moisture-proof paper and sterilized under 15 pounds of high pressure for 1 hour.

⑶ inoculation. Under aseptic condition, 24-26. C after about 5 days of cultivation, pick a piece of mycelium (about 1.3 cm diameter) to open the cotton plug of the jar, place the mycelium in the central hole of the sawdust medium, and then flatten the cotton plug bag for culture.

In order to expand the amount of inoculation, it is best to use "seed" culture. The practice is to mix wheat bran and water according to the weight ratio of 1:2, mix and put into a petri dish, press slightly, every 10 grams of wheat bran can hold 4 glass dishes with a diameter of 8 centimeters. Put the dishes into the cloth pocket, sterilized under high pressure and inoculated at 26-28. When cultured at C temperature for 5-7 days, it can be used for bottle inoculation.

⑷ culture. ① mycelium growth. The suitable temperature is beneficial to the rapid growth of mycelium. The culture medium with PH value of 5-6 is better, and the mycelium growth stage does not need light. Because of the cotton plug, the humidity and ventilation do not need to be controlled. The formation and differentiation of ② fruiting bodies. When the mycelium in the bottle grows to a certain extent, there is a fruiting body primordium (a white pimple or protuberance of 1 cm in size) in the upper part of the bottle, then the cotton stopper can be pulled out of the bottle and let it grow out of the bottle mouth, and the protuberance extends upward to form a stalk, and the cap grows on the stalk, and the spores can be emanated from the cap. Under suitable conditions, it takes about 40-60 days from inoculation to releasing spores. If the conditions are uncomfortable, it can be extended to 2-3 months, or even can not form a bacterial cap. At this stage, temperature, humidity and ventilation must be controlled and guaranteed. The temperature is controlled at 28. About C; the relative humidity is 70-90%; the light should be scattered light to avoid direct sunlight; Ganoderma lucidum is sensitive to carbon dioxide, and the window needs to be opened regularly every day during the cap formation stage. Ventilation should be carried out slowly to avoid abnormal growth of Ganoderma lucidum due to sudden changes in temperature and humidity.

two。 Pest control

⑴ Penicillium. The pathogen is a kind of ascomycetes in fungi. It can be infected by oblique bacteria, wheat bran dish seeds, mycelia, stalks and caps in bottles. After harvest, the storage period is mainly harmed by it. Prevention and treatment: in the event of fungal infection, indoor ventilation should be strengthened and the relative humidity should be reduced without affecting the growth of Ganoderma lucidum. Those with severe infection should be removed, eliminated and disinfected in time. Or after digging up miscellaneous bacteria with a burnt blade, spray sterilization with 1000 times of bromogeramine.

⑵ Mucor and Rhizopus. Are two kinds of algal bacteria in fungi. It is often infected with wheat bran dish seeds and hyphae at the initial stage of bottle culture. In the season of high temperature and humidity, the bottle cork is wet and the aseptic operation is lax, which often causes harm, which inhibits the mycelium growth and deteriorates the culture medium. The control method is the same as Penicillium.

⑶ mushroom mosquitoes and sharp-eyed mushroom mosquitoes. They also belong to the family Diptera. The larvae of Mushroom mosquitoes feed on young buds.

The stalk and the growing cap will drill into the tissue of Ganoderma lucidum at the slightest alarm. Cocoon and pupation on the fruiting body and feathering into adults. Prevention and treatment: dip dichlorvos with gauze strips and hang them indoors.

III. Harvest and processing

After the spores are released, the edge of the cap no longer grows (there is no light white edge and no longer thickens), that is, the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum is mature, can be harvested and dried in the shade, or dried at 40 Mel 50 degrees Celsius. If you want to collect spore powder for medicinal purposes, cover the fungus with a paper bag to prevent the spores from flying away, and more spore powder can be received. The time of radiating spores in fruiting body can last about one month.