Key Techniques for Efficient Cultivation of Volvariella volvacea in Winter

Volvariella volvacea is a high-temperature and high-humidity type fungus, which is suitable for growing in a constant temperature and humidity environment. The suitable temperature for the growth of volvariella volvacea is 23-25 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 85%-95%. Therefore, the cultivation of high-temperature volvariella volvacea in winter with lower temperature must be cultivated in a greenhouse with good heat preservation capacity, thus increasing the cost of heating and other aspects. Moreover, the selling price of straw mushroom produced in winter is twice as much as that of conventional cultivation in summer, so the formula of culture material and cultivation management should be properly adjusted to increase the input-output ratio to improve the economic benefit. The main cultivation techniques of volvariella volvacea in winter are introduced as follows.

1. In order to select the suitable formula of culture material, the single forage formula with low nutrient and low yield should not be used in the counter-season cultivation of volvariella volvacea. Cottonseed hull 68%, rice straw 20%, urea 1%, lime 6%, calcium carbonate 3%, plant ash 2% or waste cotton 77%, rice straw 10%, wheat bran 5%, lime 8%. By using the secondary fermentation method, the cottonseed shell was exposed for 3 days for 4 days, the water content of the material prepared with lime water was 70%-75%, the pH value was 7-8, and the material was accumulated outdoors for 3 days, then the material was moved indoors and kept at room temperature for about 60 ℃ for 2 days or at 70 ℃ for 10 hours.

two。 Management before sowing and mushroom production

When the fermentation of the culture material is finished, the water content is 65% and the pH value is about 9. When the material temperature drops to 35 ℃, the seed can be sown. The strip spreading method can be used, that is, the width of the bed is 80 cm and divided into 5 equal parts, each strip is 16 cm wide, the middle strip is filled with fertilized soil, and the two sides are filled with 10 kg / m2. After the material is laid, it is slightly compacted, and the bacteria are scattered on the material surface. The amount of seed is 4%. 6%. Then sprinkle a layer of culture material on the bacteria, and cover the outside of the two culture materials with 5 cm of fertilizer soil, close the mushroom shed so that the temperature of the greenhouse can reach 30 ℃, and keep the doors and windows closed for 3 days to maintain high temperature and humidity to facilitate mycelium germination. After 4 days, when the mycelium eats 2 / 3 of the food, it can spray a small amount of water to promote the mycelium to eat thoroughly. After 6 days, the mycelium should be fully hydrated, ventilation and light transmission should be strengthened to promote the formation of fruiting body. After 8 days, the mycelium begins to kink and appear mushroom bud. At this time, the material surface should be properly dried to increase mushroom formation and reduce dead mushroom.

3. To strengthen the management of the mushroom production period, about 10 days after timely harvest and sowing, small white-dotted mushroom buds appeared densely and gradually grew up, and the first tide mushroom could be harvested in 13-15 days; the output of the first tide mushroom accounted for 60% and 70% of the total output. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management of temperature, humidity, gas and light. When the mushroom bud is formed, strengthen the ventilation to remove the exhaust gas and adjust the room temperature, keep the room temperature 32-34 ℃, the air relative humidity 85%-90%, and reduce the amount of spraying water. Increase the number of water sprays. The material surface should be cleaned in time after each tide mushroom is harvested. Under the premise of keeping the temperature of the mushroom room basically stable, spray water to moisturize, adjust pH to slightly alkaline, and promote the recovery of mycelium. While replenishing water, some nutrient solutions such as 0.1% urea and 5% bran water can be added to promote the differentiation and development of the fruiting body. The second tide mushroom can be harvested after 7 days. if the second tide mushroom is harvested as the goal, a production cycle will take about 20 days.

Straw mushrooms grow very fast and often open umbrellas overnight, so they should be harvested in time. When volvariella volvacea changed from pagoda shape with broad base and pointed top to oval shape, mushroom quality changed from hard to soft, color changed from dark to light, the capsule was not broken and the stalk of fungus cap did not protrude. It is usually harvested one time in the morning, one in the evening. The fresh mushrooms collected can be sold or processed by cutting off the soil on the surface of the mushroom feet with a knife in time.