High Benefit of Winter Cultivation of Volvariella volvacea

Volvariella volvacea is a kind of high temperature and high humidity fungus, which is suitable for growing in a constant temperature and humidity environment. Therefore, the high-temperature volvariella volvacea must be cultivated in the greenhouse with good heat preservation capacity in winter, so as to increase the cost input, but the price of straw mushroom produced in winter is twice as much as that of conventional cultivation in summer. therefore, appropriate adjustments should be made from the formula of culture materials and cultivation management to increase the input-output ratio to improve economic benefits. The main cultivation techniques of volvariella volvacea in winter are introduced as follows:

First, select the appropriate formula of culture materials to build a pile of fermentation.

The single forage formula with low nutrient and low yield should not be used in the off-season cultivation of volvariella volvacea, but the formula with rich nutrition and high biological efficiency should be selected. Cottonseed hull 68%, rice straw 20%, urea 1%, lime 6%, calcium carbonate 3%, plant ash 2% or waste cotton 77%, rice straw 10%, wheat bran 5%, lime 8%. By using the method of secondary fermentation, the cottonseed shell was exposed for 3 days for 4 days, the moisture content of the material prepared with lime water was 70%-75%, the pH value was 7-8, and the material was accumulated outside for 3 days, then the material was moved indoors and the temperature was kept at 70 ℃ for 10 hours.

2. Management before sowing and mushroom production

When the fermentation of the culture material is finished, the water content is 65% and the pH value is about 9. When the material temperature drops to 35 ℃, the seed can be sown. The strip spreading method can be used, that is, the 80 cm wide border is divided into 5 equal parts, each strip is 16 cm wide, the middle strip is filled with fertilized soil, and the two sides are filled with 10 kg / m2. After laying, the material is slightly compacted, and the bacteria are scattered on the material surface. The amount of seed used is 4% of the material weight. Then sprinkle a layer of culture material on the bacteria, and cover the outside of the two culture materials with 5cm fertilizer soil, close the mushroom shed so that the temperature reaches 30 ℃ ~ 35 ℃, do not open the doors and windows for 3 days to maintain high temperature and humidity, so as to facilitate mycelium germination. After 4 days, when the mycelium eats 2 / 3 of the food, it can spray a small amount of water to promote the mycelium to eat thoroughly. After 6 days, the mycelium should be fully hydrated, ventilation and light transmission should be strengthened to promote the formation of fruiting body. After 8 days, the mycelium begins to kink and appear mushroom bud. At this time, the material surface should be properly dried to increase mushroom formation and reduce dead mushroom.

Third, strengthen the management of the mushroom production period and harvest in time

About 10 days after sowing, the small white-dotted mushroom buds appeared densely and grew gradually, and the first tide mushroom could be harvested in 13-15 days, and the output of the first tide mushroom accounted for 60% and 70% of the total output. It is necessary to strengthen the management of temperature, humidity, gas and light. When the mushroom bud is formed, strengthen the ventilation to remove the exhaust gas and regulate the room temperature, keep the room temperature at 32 ℃ ~ 34 ℃, keep the air relative humidity at 85% ~ 90%, reduce the amount of water spraying, and increase the number of water spraying. After each tide mushroom is harvested, the material surface should be cleaned in time, under the premise of keeping the temperature of the mushroom room basically stable, spray water to moisturize, adjust the pH value to alkaline, and promote the recovery of mycelium. While replenishing water, some nutrient solutions such as 0.1% urea can be applied to promote the differentiation and development of the fruiting body. The second tide mushroom can be harvested after 7 days. if the second tide mushroom is harvested as the goal, a production cycle will take about 20 days.

Straw mushrooms grow very fast and often open umbrellas overnight, so they should be harvested in time. When volvariella volvacea changed from pagoda shape with broad base and pointed top to oval shape, mushroom quality changed from hard to soft, color changed from dark to light, the capsule was not broken and the stalk of fungus cap did not protrude. It is usually harvested one time in the morning, one in the evening. The fresh mushrooms collected can be sold or processed by cutting off the soil on the surface of the mushroom feet with a knife in time.