Two cultivation techniques of volvariella volvacea

Now that the production season of volvariella volvacea is coming, what are the detailed cultivation techniques of volvariella volvacea?

Straw mushroom cultivation includes waste cotton residue cultivation and rice straw cultivation, which are introduced as follows:

Waste cotton residue cultivation

1. Soaking and stacking fermentation: soak the waste cotton residue into lime water and add about 5 kilograms of lime for every 100 kilograms of waste cotton residue. After soaking, pick it up and make a pile, cover the film and ferment for about 2 days, control the water content of about 70% (it is appropriate to grab the material by hand and drip a small amount of water out of the fingers), and the pH value is about 8.5.

2. Secondary fermentation: move the material into the sterilized mushroom room and spread it on the bedstead. When laying the material, the film is padded at the bottom, the material thickness is 5mur7cm, and the mushroom room of every 10 square meters needs about 175 kilograms of dry material. After laying, heat up and disinfect. When the temperature of the culture material in the mushroom room reaches about 65 ℃, keep it for 6 hours, then let it cool naturally.

3. Sowing and mycelium period management: sowing seeds when the material temperature drops to about 36 ℃, sowing about 14 bottles of 750ml bacteria per 100kg dry material. Cover with film after sowing (mushroom houses with good moisturizing conditions can not be covered with film). Keep the material temperature about 36 ℃, uncover the film 4 days later, and spray mushroom water 5 days after sowing. Before and after spraying water, the ventilation was increased and the room temperature was decreased, and the material temperature was maintained at about 33 ℃ for 2 days.

4. Management of mushroom emergence period: under normal circumstances, young mushrooms began to form 7 days after sowing. At this time, attention should be paid to heat preservation, moisturizing, and proper ventilation to maintain the material temperature 33 ℃ 35 min and the air relative humidity about 90%. The temperature in the mushroom room should not change too much, and the strong wind should not blow directly on the bed, otherwise a large number of young mushrooms will die.

Rice straw carrying culture

Choose dry and mildew-free straw, soak it in 3% lime water for about 12 hours, pick it up and add excipients to make a pile. The excipients are usually plant ash 2% Mel 5%, phosphate fertilizer or compound fertilizer 1%, gypsum 1% Mel 2%, rice bran or wheat bran about 5%. Pile into a haystack with a width of about 1 meter, a height of 0.8 meters and a length of more than 1 meter, turn the pile once in 3 days and then pile for about 2 days, mix the material well, adjust the dry humidity and pH value (water content 70%, pH 8 color 9), move the material into the mushroom room and lay it on the bed frame, the material thickness is about 20 cm, properly compacted, covered with film, heated and sterilized, and other steps refer to the cultivation technology of waste cotton residue. The period of straw mushroom cultivation with rice straw is generally longer than that of cotton residue by 5 days.

Pest control

The whole production process of volvariella volvacea is in the environment of high temperature and high humidity, there are many insect pests and miscellaneous bacteria, mainly including Trichoderma, Trichoderma and Penicillium. The main reasons for the occurrence of ghost umbrellas are high nitrogen content of raw materials, low pH value, incomplete fermentation and disinfection and so on. Trichoderma and Penicillium are mainly caused by inadequate fermentation and low temperature in the mushroom room. Prevention and control methods: select fresh non-mildew raw materials, add excipients, the proportion of raw materials with high nitrogen content should not exceed 5%, the water content should be controlled at about 70%, the pH value should not be less than 7, and the disinfection should be thorough. The main pests of volvariella volvacea are mushroom mites, nematodes, mushroom flies and so on. When the mushroom mite is found, it can be sprayed with 500 Mel 1000 times of acarol, and stop spraying water before spraying. The damage of nematodes can be greatly reduced by strictly controlling the water content of the culture material at about 70% and heating and disinfecting it 12 hours after making the bed. When the culture material is stacked and fermented, the film is strictly covered, and when sowing, the mushroom fly is prevented from entering the mushroom as far as possible. After sowing, the film is covered and then sprayed with insecticidal water such as dichlorvos or black whirlwind to control the mushroom fly.