Necessary conditions for the growth and development of volvariella volvacea

1. Nutrition

Straw mushroom is a saprophytic fungus, which does not contain chlorophyll and can not carry out photosynthesis to synthesize its own nutrients, so it needs to be provided by the outside world.

The nutrients needed by volvariella volvacea are mainly carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds. Carbohydrates are mainly sugars, such as glucose, sucrose, maltose, starch, semi-fiber and cellulose. Organic nitrogen compounds mainly include peptone, amino acids and urea, while inorganic nitrogen compounds include ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. It is generally believed that the C / N ratio of vegetative growth stage is 20:1, and that of reproductive growth stage is 30 V / N / 1 / 40 / 40. In addition to carbon and nitrogen sources, a variety of mineral elements such as potassium, magnesium, sulfur, phosphorus, calcium and so on are also necessary. In addition, you also need a certain amount of vitamins, especially vitamin B1. Rice straw, wheat straw, waste cotton, cottonseed hull and bagasse all contain a lot of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen and inorganic salts.

2. Temperature

Volvariella volvacea is a high-temperature edible fungus with a growth and development temperature of 10-45 ℃. The suitable temperature of different growth stages is different. The temperature of spore germination is 25: 45 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 40 ℃. When the spore germination rate is less than 20%, 25 ℃ or more than 45 ℃, the spore germination rate will not germinate. The mycelial growth temperature was 10: 43 ℃, the optimum temperature was 30-39 ℃, the optimum temperature was 36 ℃, and the mycelium growth was strongly inhibited when the temperature was lower than 15 ℃ or higher than 42 ℃. The mycelium will die when it is below 5 ℃ or above 45 ℃ for a long time. The optimum temperature for the differentiation and development of fruiting body is 27-31 ℃, and the average temperature is below 23 ℃, so it is difficult to form fruiting body. The optimum temperature for fruiting body growth was 28033 ℃, and the mushroom buds died below 21 ℃ or above 45 ℃.

3. Moisture

Water is a prerequisite for the growth and development of volvariella volvacea. Volvariella volvacea is a kind of temperature-loving and hygrophilic fungus, which requires higher humidity than other artificially cultivated fungi. The water content of volvariella volvacea culture material generally requires 70%-75%; the air relative humidity is 80% in the mycelium growth stage and about 90% in the fruiting body growth stage. In production, if the water is insufficient, the mycelium grows slowly, the fruiting body is difficult to form, or even die; if there is too much water, the ventilation is poor, affecting respiration, resulting in rotten mushrooms and dead mushrooms. When the temperature is too low or too high, the water content of the culture material should be reduced appropriately.

4. Oxygen

Volvariella volvacea is an aerobic fungus, which needs to inhale oxygen and discharge carbon dioxide during respiration. When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air in the culture medium and near the surface reaches or exceeds 0.5%, it will inhibit mycelium growth and fruiting body formation. Therefore, to ensure that there is a certain amount of fresh air into the volvariella volvacea cultivation room, but if the ventilation is too large, it is easy to lose the water content in the culture material. In case of high temperature (the temperature of the mushroom room is more than 35 ℃), the ventilation rate of the cultivation room should be increased.

5. Lighting

The germination of spores and the growth and development of mycelium of volvariella volvacea do not need light, and direct light will hinder the growth of mycelium. A certain amount of scattered light (the light intensity is about a few hundred leels, that is, the normal vision can recognize the words on the newspaper in the mushroom room) has a good effect on the formation of fruit body. At the same time, the light intensity will also affect the color and quality of the fruit body, when the light is strong, the fruit body is dark and shiny, and the fruit body organization is dense; when the light is insufficient, the fruit body is gray-white; when there is no light, the fruit body is white.

6. acidity and alkalinity

When the spores of volvariella volvacea germinate, the pH value of pH6~7.5 is suitable, and the spore germination rate is the highest under the condition of pH7.5; when pH is more than 7.5, the spore germination rate decreases sharply; when pH8.0, the spore germination rate is almost zero. The mycelium of volvariella volvacea has a wide adaptability to pH and can grow in the range of pH4~10.3. PH7.5~8 is suitable for culture materials.