㈢, an efficient cultivation technique of volvariella volvacea

Bed cultivation techniques of volvariella volvacea

Straw mushroom bed frame cultivation is a commonly used cultivation method at present. Setting up a bed frame in a house or shed can not only make full use of the space and improve the utilization rate, but also has good moisturizing and heat preservation effect, easy to manage, high and stable yield.

1. Setting up mushroom house

The mushroom room is 3-4m long, 2m wide and 2.5m high. The walls are embedded with 1-2cm thick foam plastic board and the roof is embedded with 3cm thick foam plastic board. 4-5 beds were built on both sides of the mushroom house, with 0.5m left in the middle as the sidewalk.

1.2 renovation of empty houses: select rooms with good heat preservation and moisturizing properties for cultivation. There is a bed frame in the room, it is best not to lean against the wall around the bed frame, and the aisle width is about 0.7m. The width of the mushroom bed is 1m, the layer shelf is 3-4 layers, and the layer distance is about 0.6m.

1.3 plastic greenhouse: the bed frame can be set up with 2-3 layers, the layer distance is 0.5m, the layer width is 1m, and the distance of each row bed frame is 0.8-1m, which is mainly used as the cultivation site in summer.

2. Selection of cultivation materials: generally speaking, all materials containing cellulose can be used as culture materials for volvariella volvacea. At present, waste cotton and cottonseed hulls are the most commonly used locally. Raw materials that are fresh, mildew-free, moth-free and rain-free should be selected and should be exposed to the sun for 2-3 days before cultivation. Cultivation material formula: ⑴ cottonseed shell 94%, lime 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, carbendazim appropriate amount; ⑵ waste cotton 95%, lime 4%, carbendazim 1%; ⑶ cottonseed shell 40%, waste cotton 55%, lime 4%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%, carbendazim 0.5%, adjusting material-water ratio 1. 3-1.4.

3. The secondary fermentation of the culture material: first, the culture material after exposure is wet with lime water, then it is fully mixed well according to the proportion, and the pile is fermented for 2-3 days. The plastic film should be covered during fermentation to play the role of heat preservation and moisturizing. Shake the fermented culture material loosely, mix well, and move it into the bed frame of the mushroom room while it is hot. At this time, the best water content of the culture material is about 70%, and the pH value is about 9. Generally speaking, the paving material is 7-10cm thick. When the summer temperature is high, the culture material should be thinned properly. The culture material should be thicker when the temperature is low in winter. After laying the material, immediately put steam or coal stove into the mushroom room to heat up, so that the culture temperature reached about 65 ℃, maintained for 4-8 hours, and then naturally cooled. When the door and window are opened at about 45 ℃, the secondary fermentation can kill the pests and harmful bacteria in the mushroom room and culture material, which is beneficial to the mass reproduction of beneficial microorganisms such as high temperature actinomycetes, is more beneficial to the growth of volvariella volvacea, and is easy to obtain high yield.

4. Sowing: when the temperature of the culture material drops below 38 ℃, shake the culture material loose, mix it well, level the bed and compact it, then sow the seed, tear off the plastic package of the original seed bag, put the strain in a clean basin, break the strain block gently, adopt the method of on-demand and sowing, and gently pat it flat with a wooden board after sowing, so that the strain and the culture material are combined closely to facilitate colonization. The sowing rate is 2-3 bags per square meter.

5. Management after sowing: after sowing, cover the bed with plastic film, uncover the film and ventilate 1-2 times a day, pay attention to control the temperature in the material. The temperature in the material increased gradually after sowing, and the highest temperature could be reached in 3-4 days. The maximum temperature in the material should be controlled below 42 ℃ as far as possible, otherwise the temperature was too high, a large amount of water in the material evaporated, and the hyphae of volvariella volvacea were seriously inhibited or died. If the temperature in the material is too high, the cause should be analyzed in time and measures should be taken to solve the problem. If the moisture in the material is not enough and the culture material is too dry, it should be watered to replenish moisture and cool down; if the culture material is too thick, the indoor ventilation should be strengthened, the plastic of the material surface should be opened, and holes should be made in the material to distribute the temperature in the material.

Generally, 5-6 days after sowing, when the straw mushroom hyphae begins to kink, it is necessary to timely increase the humidity of the material surface, make a good "mushroom water", increase indoor light, and promote the formation of straw mushroom fruiting body. When a large number of white grass seed-shaped buds are formed, it should be mainly moisturizing, the air relative humidity is maintained above 90%, and water spraying is suspended on the bed surface. When the mushroom buds grow to the size of Chinese chestnut, the water demand increases gradually, and the water should be replenished in time. When spraying water, the spray head should be upward and the fog point should be fine, so as not to damage young mushrooms. Here, the water temperature should be consistent with the temperature in the mushroom room, do not use water lower than the temperature, otherwise it will hurt young mushrooms.

6. Harvest: after the straw mushroom buds of grass seed size are formed, they can be harvested in time after 3-4 days, when the mushroom body is smooth and full, and the coating is not broken. After the first tide mushroom is harvested, the bed should be cleaned in time, the mushroom feet and dead mushrooms should be removed, nutrient water should be applied once, and 1% lime water should be irrigated once, in order to adjust the pH and water content of the culture material, and fruiting bodies can occur one after another after 2-3 days of culture.