Talking about the cultivation experience of the Spring Festival flowering of Tulip

Tulip has strong cold tolerance, can withstand the low temperature of-35 ℃ in winter, and can grow normally with 5 ℃-8 ℃, so it is suitable for promoting cultivation in winter.

The promotion of tulip cultivation is to break the dormancy of flower primordium and leaf primordium, eliminate the factors that inhibit flower bud germination, promote flower bud differentiation, and then make tulips blossom in unnatural flowering period by means of artificial temperature increase and light supplement. Now there are 5 ℃ bulbs and 9 ℃ bulbs that are common on the market. We generally choose 5 ℃ bulbs for Spring Festival flowering to promote cultivation.

Matrix preparation

First of all, high-quality matrix should be prepared, which requires both water retention and air permeability, salinity should not be too high, nor too sour, pH value should not be less than 6, free of diseases and insect pests and harmful substances. The bulb should be firmly planted in a cultivation bed deep enough (at least deep 5cm). In recent years, we used the mixture of peat, mature soil and sand with 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 as cultivation medium, and the effect was better. About half a month before planting, mature farm manure was applied to the bed soil as base fertilizer, and appropriate amount of carbofuran and carbendazim were added (or covered with 1% formalin for disinfection), fully irrigated, and carefully ploughed and raked before planting to ensure that the soil was loose.

Planting

Due to the high temperature in the greenhouse, tulips will occur late vernalization, and will reduce the effect of low temperature treatment to promote cultivation. Therefore, it is better to plant early than late, usually about two months before the Spring Festival, about the first and middle of November. Remove the brown bulb before planting and soak in 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for about two hours. The row spacing of the plant is 9 × 10cm, and the top of the bulb is flat or slightly lower than the soil surface when planted. Proper shallow planting can lead to early flowering. Sometimes the tulip bulb can blossom more than 5 days earlier if the bulb is exposed to the soil. After planting, it was watered thoroughly to promote its rooting.

Cultivation and management

Usually after a week of temperature, the seed ball begins to sprout. In the pre-seedling and seedling stage, the indoor temperature should be kept at 12 ℃-15 ℃ in the daytime. If the temperature is too high, it should be ventilated in time and no less than 6 ℃ at night, so as to promote early rooting, strong roots and strong seedlings. If the temperature is too high at this time, the plant stem will be weak and the flower quality will be poor. After more than 20 days, when the plant has grown two leaves, it should be warmed up in time to promote the bud to break away from the bracts in time. The indoor temperature should be kept at 18 ℃-25 ℃ during the day and above 10 ℃ at night. Generally, after more than 20 days, the Corolla begins to color, and the first flower blooms from late December to early January, and it takes 10-15 days to bloom. At this time, it should be placed in batches according to the time needed. The higher the temperature, the earlier the flower will bloom. In general, after the Corolla is completely colored, the plant should be placed in an environment of 10 ℃ for sale.

Sufficient light is necessary for the growth of tulips. Insufficient light will lead to poor plant growth, bud fall, plant weakening, lighter leaf color and shorter flowering period. But tulips on the pot after more than half a month, should be properly shaded, in order to facilitate the growth of new roots. In addition, during germination, the elongation of flower buds is inhibited by light. Shading can promote the elongation of flower buds and prevent the early vegetative growth from growing too fast. After emergence, light should be increased to promote plant jointing, form buds and promote coloring. After the buds are fully colored in the later stage, direct sunlight should be prevented and the flowering time should be prolonged.

Fertilization is rich in organic fertilizer in the substrate, so it is no longer topdressing during the growth period, but if the leaf color becomes lighter or the plant growth is not strong enough due to insufficient nitrogen, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer that can be easily absorbed, such as urea, ammonium nitrate, etc., is not large, otherwise it will cause excessive growth. it even affects the absorption of iron by the plant and causes iron deficiency (when the new leaves and flower buds are yellowed, but the old leaves are normal), the effect of topdressing liquid fertilizer during the growth period is significant. Generally, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a concentration of 2 ‰-3 ‰ is sprayed every 10 days from budding to flowering, so as to promote the flower to be bright and colorful, and the flower stem to be firm and erect.

Water should be watered thoroughly after planting, so that the soil and seed bulbs can be fully and closely combined to facilitate rooting, and water should be properly controlled after budding, when the leaves are gradually elongated, water can be sprayed on the leaves to increase air humidity, and sufficient water supply should be ensured at bolting and budding stages. to promote the full development of flowers and proper water control after flowering.

The pathogens of controlling tulip diseases and insect pests can be carried by the seed ball or by the soil, which mostly occur in the environment of high temperature and humidity, and the main diseases are stem rot, soft rot, broken color disease, quenching disease, blind bud and so on. most of the pests are aphids.

Before planting, adequate soil disinfection should be carried out, virus-free bulbs should be selected as far as possible, diseased plants should be dug up and destroyed in time, and fungicides should be poured 1-2 times in the process of greenhouse growth, the effect is better; good ventilation should be maintained to prevent high temperature and humidity; when aphids occur, 3% natural pyrethrum can be sprayed 800 times.

Other

1. Potted tulips are managed directly on the pot, due to the different quality of bulbs, resulting in uneven growth and flowering, affecting its commodity quality. Therefore, it is best to plant in the interior of the greenhouse, after the Corolla coloring on the pot management, does not affect its flowering quality, the effect is better.

two。 Among the flowers and colors, red flowering is the earliest and yellow is the latest, about 10 days apart. The planting time should be staggered properly in cultivation to ensure that it blossoms at the same time.