Breeding and processing of snakes

Snake is a precious biological resource. Snake edible, pharmaceutical, piano and so on, the whole body is covered with treasures, known as "Shanzhen". Snakes sell well and sell at a high price. The domestic purchase price per kilogram of live snake and snake meat is 40,000 yuan, the purchase price of five-step snake is 250,000 yuan per kilogram, the price of one gram of bungarotoxin is 1000 yuan, and the price of raw snake bile is as high as 2000 yuan per kilogram. The price of 5 grams of snake venom in the international market is as much as 1000 US dollars, which is 20 times more expensive than gold. Artificial breeding of snakes has a short cycle and high efficiency, which is not only a good way for farmers to shake off poverty and become rich, but also a "golden cause" to revitalize the rural economy.

1 the living habits of snakes

1.1 the snake is a temperature-changing animal, and its body temperature varies with the ambient temperature, so snakes are active in winter, spring, summer and autumn. Snake activity temperature is 10 ℃ ~ 35 ℃, snake activity law also varies with different species, such as cobra, king cobra like to move in the daytime, called diurnal snakes; such as gold ring snake, silver ring snake, chromium iron head like to move at night, called nocturnal snakes; such as Agkistrodon acutus and abdominal snakes like to move in weak light (night and overcast and rainy day), they are called morning faint snakes.

1.2 the habitat of snakes is different according to the species of snakes. Golden ring snake often lives in humid environment and waterside, mountain ring snake lives in paddy fields and low-lying wetlands on the edge of paddy fields and ponds in plain and hilly areas; cobra perches on hillsides, hills and wall foundations, stone glumes, graves and bushes of plains; King Cobra lives in plains and mountainous areas and moves on mountain streams or crawling trees and rock crevices. The five-step snake lives in mountain woodlands and forests, and is used to lying on the rocks of caves, in wet stone crevices, in rocks and weeds beside streams, and in the decadent walls of plains and hilly areas, in the vegetable fields before and after the bays of villages. Viper lives in hilly areas in summer, moves to plains in winter, and is often found in rice fields or dark, cool and ventilated places in autumn.

1.3 Snakes have a wide range of feeding habits, including slugs, spiders, insects and their larvae, fish, frogs, rats, birds, rabbits and so on. For example, the golden ring snake mainly feeds on other snakes, as well as fish, frogs, lizards, mice or other small mammals; silver ring snakes feed on fish, frogs, lizards, mice or other small mammals; cobras feed on lizards and bird eggs in addition to being the same as bungarus; snakes mainly feed on mice or other small mammals and frogs, as well as lizards and birds Belly snakes feed on fish, frogs, lizards, mice and other mammals.

2 feeding and management of snakes

The food is fed according to different snake species and specific local conditions. It is generally fed every two weeks, each time the amount of food is 45% of the body weight, but the food should be diversified and fresh. The feeding address should be fixed and should be chosen in places frequented by snakes. If the food of the snake is insufficient, you can use crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, phosphorus, calcium and a small amount of inorganic salt plus vitamin An and B2 into the casings to make sausages to induce the snakes to eat. Snakes with poor appetite can also be infused with vitamin B to promote their appetite, enhance metabolism and, if necessary, be fed manually.

The snake's drinking water should be clean and hygienic, and the water in the pool should flow frequently so as not to be polluted. In the management of snakes, there are six key points: (1) the snake farm and snake room should be cleaned frequently to keep the floor clean and dry; (2) the sand and hay in the snake nest should be replaced regularly; (3) the rotten food should be removed in time. (4) the temperature and humidity in the snake nest should be checked frequently, keep warm in winter, cool down in summer, and a humidity regulator should be placed in the cave. Generally, the humidity in the cave should be kept at about 20%. At the same time, the health of snakes should be checked frequently. If injured snakes with abnormal activity, difficulty in crawling or obvious symptoms are found, they should be removed from isolation and reared and treated. (5) the walls of snake farms and snake rooms should be checked frequently to repair holes or cracks in time to prevent poisonous snakes from escaping, and to prevent the natural enemies of poisonous snakes from infringing. (6) when entering a snake farm or snake room, snake farm managers should wear protective clothing and bring snake trapping tools, and two people should enter the field at the same time so as to take care of each other and prevent them from being bitten by poisonous snakes. Snake farms are also equipped with first-aid medicine or equipment for snakebite all the year round.

3 disease prevention and control of venomous snakes

Most of the diseases of poisonous snakes occur at the end of spring after hibernation. Sick snakes often lie out of their nests, gray and dull, seldom eat, slow to respond, half open or breathless, do not stick out their tongues or rarely spit out their tongues, and when they are forced to crawl, their tracks are tortuous and slow. Common disease prevention and treatment methods are as follows:

3.1 mildew class disease is mostly in the plum rain season, some black mildew spots often occur on snake belly scales, and mildew spots can fester to death with further development. When mildew spots are found, 1%-2% iodine can be applied to the affected part of the snake, once or twice a day, which can be cured in about 7 days. Prevent the use of raw ash and charcoal to absorb moisture in the snake nest, and seriously do a good job in snake farm hygiene.

3.2 the jaws of stomatitis snakes are swollen, there are purulent secretions in the mouth, and it is difficult to swallow. If it is not treated in time, the snake is easy to die. Rinse the mouth with Rivnu solution or boric acid solution, and then rub the affected part with gentian purple solution, once a day until there is no purulent secretion.

3.3 Acute pneumonia snakes have difficulty in opening their mouths and breathing, resulting in lung lesions, which often lead to death. When it is found that germ snakes should be isolated immediately, strengthen maintenance, avoid cold and heat preservation, and increase nutrition, take 100000 units of streptomycin twice a day for 3-4 days, or use 100000 units of penicillin intramuscularly, twice a day, with better results.

3.4 parasitic diseases poisonous snakes are easy to transmit parasitic diseases when eating animal feed. If it is light, it weakens the snake's physique, so that it is complicated with other diseases, and the serious ones die quickly. Generally, as long as you take trichlorfon or levamisole tablets, etc. It can disinfect the worm and achieve the therapeutic effect.

4 processing of venomous snake products

4.1 Snake skin is tied to the snakeneck with a rope and suspended on the wall and bracket, the knife is skinned around the neck ring, and the snake is stripped into a long tube from top to bottom. The tube is filled with fine sand to expand evenly, and the fine sand is poured out after drying; cut off from the middle of the ventral side, peel off the large snake skin, cut it from the middle of the ventral surface, nail it on a long plank or wall, dry and take it off. In addition to making traditional musical instruments, snake skin has been widely used in craft clothing and daily necessities, and is very popular in the international market.

4.2 Snake slough, also known as dragon clothing, snake exuviate the cuticular layer of the body, pick it up in time, clean the sediment, and dry the medicine.

4.3 the dried snake can be divided into dish dry and strip dried, and the difference between keeping skin and peeling skin. The processing methods are also different.

① disk dry: after the snake is killed, the viscera and abdominal wall fat are removed by laparotomy, and put into a tank and bucket filled with clear water to rinse the blood. Then, put the snake back up, belly down on the wood, fix the snake head in the middle of the board with an inch of iron nail, then pull the snake's abdomen open and coil clockwise step by step, and fix it with iron nails, after drying in the sun for 3 hours, that is, move the room to dry. If processing skinned dried snakes, the head snakeskin must be retained in order to identify dried snakeheads.

② strips: kill the snake, bleach the snake body straight, nail it on the board, put it in the sun for 1 hour, then dry it over a gentle fire in the room. Dried snake is not only a valuable traditional Chinese medicine in China, but also one of the most important export medicinal materials in China, which is very popular in the international market.

4.4 Snake gall used to kill snakes to get bile, which is to kill live snakes and directly take out snake gall. Now we can adopt the "live snake bile extraction method", which is to grasp the corresponding position of the snake body (where the snake bile is) by hand and touch it. According to its hardness and elasticity (slightly similar to the tip of the human nose), after figuring out the exact location of the snake bile, we can make a small opening here, squeeze out the bile body, insert it into the snake bile with a syringe, extract half of the bile, and then restore it to its original state. Once every other month, the extracted bile should be dried immediately, bottled and carefully preserved. Or use the corresponding Chinese herbal medicine powder to absorb and dry to make Chinese herbal medicine.

4.5 after the snake oil snake is killed, peel off the oil by laparotomy, wash it, boil it in an iron pan with gentle fire, and remove the oil residue, that is, the snake oil. Combined with traditional Chinese medicine powder to prepare paint, it can be used. Snake oil can also be eaten to make skin cream.

4.6. when killing snakes, take palm pills and store them in spirits of more than 50 ℃, swallow them when needed to treat male impotence, and take snake liver research powder to treat jaundice hepatitis.

4.7 Snake powder is dried with dried snake, ground into powder, loaded into capsules or packed into 1-2 grams of parcels, encapsulated in plastic bags.

4.8 Snake venom can be obtained within one month of birth. The venomous snake has a pair of long, backward fangs on its upper jaw. The center of the fangs is an empty tube, the tip of the tooth has a small hole, and the root of the tooth is connected to a venomous sac containing venom. As long as you grasp the snake's head, press the snake's jaws with two fingers and open the snake's mouth, touch the snake's two fangs with a poison glass tube, and the venom will be ejected. Poison can be taken every two weeks, and each snake can get about 0.5 kilogram of poison every year. After obtaining the venomous snake, you should immediately freeze it in the refrigerator or vacuum dry it as soon as possible to make it a transparent solid snake venom.