Prevention of rabbit brucellosis in winter

Rabbit brucellosis, also known as rabbit bronchial septicemic brucellosis, is a common respiratory infectious disease caused by Bordetella bronchosepticum in rabbits. The disease is characterized by chronic rhinitis, bronchopneumonia and pharyngitis.

The disease occurs frequently in autumn and winter and early spring. Mainly through the air transmission, through the respiratory tract and infection. The incidence of young rabbits is high, and there are deaths. The incidence of adult rabbits is less. The contamination rate of this bacteria was 64.4% in group @ # @ 248 rabbits and 20% in free-range rabbits. Under natural conditions, this bacteria is parasitized in the upper respiratory tract of many mammals, which often causes mutual infection of chronic respiratory diseases. Especially in the case of sudden change of weather, decline of rabbit resistance, poor hygiene of rabbit house, dirty air and so on, the disease can occur.

1 symptoms

The incubation period of the disease was 7-10 days. Adult rabbits showed rhinitis and bronchitis. There is a large amount of serous and mucous nasal discharge. Rhinitis does not heal for a long time, nasal discharge of mucous or purulent secretions, sneezing, dyspnea, not eating, emaciation and so on. Most of the young rabbits showed acute process, and after seeing the symptoms of rhinitis in the initial stage, they showed dyspnea and died quickly, and the course of disease was 2-3 days.

2. Autopsy

The main lesions of this disease are rhinitis, suppurative rhinotracheitis, suppurative bronchopneumonia, individual septicaemia changes. Congestion and edema of nasal and tracheal mucosa. There are serous, mucinous or mucopurulent secretions in the nasal cavity. There is a focus of bronchopneumonia around the hilar bronchi to the edge of the lung. The lesions are mostly seen in the cardiac lobe, apical lobe, and in severe cases, affecting the whole lung lobe. The lesion is raised, hard, dark red, brown, and then grayish yellow. In some cases there are abscesses of varying sizes on the lungs. Severe ones account for more than 90% of the lungs. There are abscesses ranging from soybeans to broad beans on the surface of the liver. Thick creamy milky pus can be seen after the abscess is broken. Pericarditis, pleurisy, pleural empyema and muscle abscess were also seen.

3Diagnostic

A preliminary diagnosis can be made according to the clinical symptoms and the changes of autopsy. But bacteriological examination must be carried out to find out the pathogen before the final diagnosis can be made.

3.1 take smears of respiratory secretions or diseased tissues, Gram staining and microscopic examination, gram-negative and cocci can be seen; if stained with methylene blue, microbacilli with bipolar staining can be seen.

3.2 serological examination can be performed by plate agglutination test, Agar immunodiffusion test and so on. Plate agglutination test: on the clean slide, add 1 drop of bacterial solution (250 billion bacteria 1ml), and then add 1 drop of detected serum, fully mix, under the condition of 20: 25 ℃, 2~5min, the particle flocs appear, and the liquid is clear and positive.

4 Prevention and treatment

4.1 the diseased rabbits were first isolated and then treated. Commonly used drugs are gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, kanamycin and sulfonamides. (1) gentamicin, intramuscular injection, 1 / 2 units, twice a day. (2) sulfamethazine 0.1g/kg feed, eye feeding. (3) sulfathiazole sodium 0.06 ~ 0.1g dissolved in 1000ml liter water to drink. However, the therapeutic effect on pustular rabbits is poor and should be eliminated.

4.2 strengthen management and do a good job in sanitary disinfection of rabbit houses. The rabbit house should be well ventilated and maintain a suitable temperature and humidity. The tools, rabbit cages, overalls and so on in the house should be disinfected regularly. Regular disinfestation, rodent control and elimination of diseased and positive rabbits. We should adhere to the breeding method of self-breeding and try not to introduce new rabbits from the outfield. when we must introduce new rabbits, we should do a good job of quarantine and control the infection.

4.3 in addition to the above work, rabbits should be vaccinated regularly.