How to plant apricot in semi-arid area

Dabian apricot is a unique economic forest tree species in China, which has the characteristics of strong adaptability, early fruit, long life, high comprehensive utilization value and so on. Kalaqin Town, Jianping County, which is located in the northern semi-arid area of Liaoning Province, established a park in Dayingzi Village as early as 1985, covering an area of 300 mu. It is now growing well, is in a high yield period, and has achieved high economic benefits. Since 2002, Kalaqin Town has planted 456 mu of apricot in Pizhangzi Village, but due to drought and lack of rain, barren soil and low level of planting technology, the survival rate in that year was less than 40%, and it was only after two or three years of replanting that it reached the standard. But the apricot orchard is poor in uniformity, low yield and poor efficiency. In view of this, we summed up the previous experiences and lessons, and explored the techniques to improve the survival rate of planting large flat apricot in arid areas through practice. The report is as follows:

1. Choose high-quality seedlings. The selection of high-quality seedlings is the key to the success or failure of the garden. High-quality large flat apricot seedlings refer to "two roots and one stem" grafted seedlings of more than one grade. The standard height of the first-class seedling is 800.90 cm, the stem diameter of the aboveground part is more than 0.8cm, the root length is 20cm-25cm, the number of lateral roots more than 5cm is not less than 5, and there is no disease, and the grafting site heals well.

two。 Timely and standard land preparation. ① changes the time of soil preparation. The northwest of Liaoning Province is a severely arid area, with an average annual precipitation of only 465 mm, with heavy wind and sand in winter and less than 15 mm of precipitation. According to the past custom, more than last autumn, the ground preparation and digging pit, after a winter of wind and sun, all the soil has been dried, and the surrounding of the pit is more than 20 centimeters dry. when planting in spring, it is upright and dry in spring, and it is difficult to guarantee water. If you increase the amount of irrigation, first, it will increase the planting cost; second, the more irrigation, the lower the land temperature, which is not conducive to slow down seedlings, while digging holes in spring can overcome the above disadvantages. The survival rate can reach more than 95%. Therefore, digging in autumn should be changed into digging in spring, and the specific time should be about a week before planting.

② soil preparation standard and technical specification. Plots with a thickness of more than 1 meter dig pits with a diameter of 60 centimeters and a depth of 60 centimeters; for plots with thin soil layers, the digging pits are 80 centimeters in diameter and 100 centimeters deep, and the topsoil and core soil are separated. Each plant applied 3050 kg of high-quality farm manure and 1.5 kg of calcium superphosphate, one layer of manure and one layer of soil, all the topsoil in the pit was backfilled, and when insufficient, it was supplemented with the surrounding topsoil or guest soil. Finally, 20 cm below the surface of the garden is used as the planting horizontal plane, and each plant is irrigated with about 30 kg of water.

3. Planting time. Karaqin winter is dry and windy, and it is easy to suffer frost damage, so it is better to plant in spring, and the best time should be in the middle and last ten days of April. Early low temperature, slow germination, easy to die; too late because the seedling stem bud germination earlier than the root activity, so the survival rate is low.

4. The treatment of seedlings. Seedlings transported over long distances should be covered with cloth in the course of transportation to prevent the seedlings from losing water. Soak the whole plant for 24 hours before planting, then cut the wound of the root system, dip it with 400 mg / kg rooting powder for 2-3 minutes, and then dip it with mud before planting.

5. Planting techniques. ① plastic bag planting technology. Take a plastic bag with a diameter of 40cm to 50cm and a height of about 30cm (available convenience bag), first load a little mature soil, put the seedling root system into the bag and stretch it, continue to load the soil, and gently lift the plastic bag to make the soil fill until the soil surface in the bag is flush with the seedling grafting interface. Then tear open two holes about 5 cm in diameter at the bottom of the bag facing the large lateral root, so that the root system can be pricked out of the hole and exchanged water inside and outside the bag in the future. Then carefully put the bag into the planting pit, backfill the topsoil to level with the fill in the bag, and water it twice (priority is to ensure that the soil in the bag is thoroughly watered). Finally, after the water sinks, fold the mouth of the bag, cover the soil to about 15 cm on the interface, step on the soil, and repair the tree plate. Plastic bags can be gradually destroyed when combined with fertilization in the second year. The technology was planted in Zhujiawopu Village, Kalaqin Town in 2003, and the survival rate was 95%.

Planting technology of ② vials. Take a small bottle (preferably a medical 500ml drip bottle) to fill with water, rely on one side of the planting pit and tilt 40 degrees in the vertical direction to fix it with soil, insert a long lateral root of the seedling into the water bottle to the bottom, carefully fill the soil 20 cm, fill a bucket of water, and then cover the soil to 15 cm on the graft joint after underwater infiltration, step on it. Where there are conditions, it is best to cover 1 meter square plastic film (the film is compacted with soil around and in the center, showing the shape of low inside and high outside, so as to facilitate the infiltration of Rain Water. This method was tested in Dayingzi Village, Kalaqin Town in 2004, and the survival rate was 94%.

6. Post-planting management technology. The ① tree disk was covered with film. After the seedlings are planted and watered once, the tree plate should be covered with plastic film, the specification is 100 cm × 90 cm, compacted with soil around, and sealed with soil at the hole in the trunk. In order to quickly raise the ground temperature.

② set dry bagging. After planting, it should be dried above the full bud of 60 cm to 70 cm, and the branched branches should be cut off. The plastic bag with a diameter of 5 cm and a length of 40 cm should be used to cover the bag, and the lower mouth and the middle of the bag should be fastened. Wait for the new leaf to grow to the size of the thumbnail, tear the bag in cloudy days or evening, and remove the membrane bag after 4 or 5 days.

③ strengthens the management of soil, fertilizer and water. In the first ten days of June, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied once, 50 grams per plant. 3-4 eyes with a depth of 20 cm should be pierced 15-20 cm away from the trunk, and the fertilizer should be applied and watered enough to seal the eyes. When there is enough fertilizer and water in the planting pit, the weeds should be removed in time, and the shoveled weeds should be covered in the tree plate and covered with thin soil, which can effectively prevent weeds from competing with young apricot trees for water and fertilizer.