"six changes" of No-tillage cultivation of Autumn Potato covered with Straw

Autumn potato can be harvested in December as a vegetable potato on the market, the benefit is better. Planting autumn potato with straw mulching and no-tillage not only saves labor and time, reduces labor intensity, and prevents environmental pollution caused by straw burning, but also produces about 1500 kilograms per mu, which is more than 10% higher than that of ploughing and sowing. Especially in recent years, combined with the production demonstration, agricultural technicians have made some improvements to the technology to make it more mature. Specifically, it is the "six changes":

Switch to early-maturing and fine varieties. The effective growth period of autumn potato is short, generally only 80-90 days, so seed potato should be changed to varieties with early maturity, rapid tuber expansion, high yield and disease resistance, such as Dongnong 303, Holland 15 and so on.

Change from late sowing to timely sowing. The continuous planting of autumn potato in middle rice often sows too late, which shortens the growth period and the yield is not high. Of course, it is also necessary to prevent sowing prematurely.

Generally speaking, it is appropriate to sow seeds when the daily average temperature falls steadily below 15 degrees. It is suitable to sow seeds in the low mountain area with an elevation of 500m and 800m above sea level, and in areas below 500m above sea level, the suitable sowing time is from late August to early September. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the middle rice field with earlier maturity.

Change from budding sowing to sprouting sowing. When sowing in autumn, the temperature is still high, which is disadvantageous to the germination of seed potato. In view of this, 10 days before sowing, soak seeds with "920" solution to promote germination (if spring potatoes have already germinated, there is no need to accelerate germination), small whole potatoes soak seeds with 4/1000000 concentration of "920" solution for 2030 minutes; big potatoes are cut into 4 pieces, first soak seeds with 1% potassium permanganate solution to sterilize, take out and drain water, and then soak seeds with 1/1000000 "920" solution for 5 minutes. Take out the seed potatoes to dry, and then use a sand bed to promote germination. That is, the indoor floor is covered with 4 cm thick moist fine sand (pinched into a ball by hand, scattered as a degree), covered with seed potatoes, and covered with the second layer of moist sand 1 cm thick. After laying 4 layers of seed potatoes in this way, cover with moist fine sand 4cm thick, then cover with straw and film to keep moisture. After germination, you can sow seeds.

Change the shallow ditch of the wide compartment to the deep trench of the narrow compartment. Wide box shallow ditch, poor drainage in autumn rain, straw soaked in water, causing rotten potatoes; in case of autumn drought, it is not easy to resist early irrigation. When the rice is harvested, the rice is cut with mud, narrow compartments and deep trenches. According to the width of 1, 6 meters, ditch width 15 cm, depth 20 cm, at the same time open the main ditch and perimeter ditch, to achieve three ditch matching. When sowing, according to the row spacing of 30 cm, nest spacing of 23 cm, put the seed potato on the side of the box, so that it is in close contact with the soil. If you encounter drought after sowing, you should pay attention to irrigation to fight drought, drainage and waterproofing in case of autumn rain.

Improve the method of fertilization. After seed placement, 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer was applied evenly between rows, keeping a distance of 8 cm from seed potato and not in contact with seed potato; 1500 kg of high-quality and rotten hot farm manure was applied as seed fertilizer per mu. Then cover the box surface with 1000 kilograms of straw to maintain the direction perpendicular to the box surface, so that there is no light leakage and no soil exposure. During the growing period, pay attention to using 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea mixture to topdressing 2Mel for 3 times.

Change the control of diseases and insect pests to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. In autumn, early attention should be paid to the control of aphids with 10% aphid lice (imidacloprid, once earned, great hero), and with 5% bacteriophage or 20% virus A.