"five passes" for High yield of Autumn Potato

1. Healthy tubers with smooth skin, shallow bud eyes and 30g to 50g should be selected for improved varieties. Store in a low temperature and ventilated place. Cut into pieces and cool for 3-5 days before planting to ensure that autumn sowing and seedling emergence are neat.

Second, soak seeds to promote sprouting, cut the selected potato pieces longitudinally along the top and down, rinse the solution and starch from the incision with cold water, and then soak in 1% lime water (1 part of lime powder, 100 parts of clear water) for 1 hour. then take it out and put it in a shady place to dry and sprout. There are two methods to accelerate germination: 1. Natural germination method: select the place with cool ventilation and low temperature, cut the potato into small pieces (1-3 for each guaranteed bud mouth), wash juice with cold water, cover seeds with moist sand layer after cold drying, accumulate three or four layers, cover the surface with straw to keep moisture, and keep the temperature at about 20 ℃. When the buds grow to 1-1.5 cm, remove and place them in a cool outdoor place for 1-3 days before sowing. 2. The method of accelerating germination with mycin: soak the seeds with gibberellin of 5~8ppm for 0.5 hours, then bury them in the wet sand bed to promote germination. The sand bed should be located in a cool and ventilated place, covered with wet sand of 10 cm, a layer of seed potato and a layer of sand, with 3-4 layers. After 10-15 days, the buds can be refined and sown when the buds grow to about 2 cm.

III. Land preparation and sowing

1. ① for drought prevention will first deal with the seed block and wait for the soil moisture to be sufficient before sowing. ② field opened the bed according to 3m width, dug the sowing ditch, and the row spacing was about 40~50cm. 1-2 years before sowing, diverting water into ditches and soaking beds or artificial fresh water to increase moisture. Make the sowing ditch and the soil blocks on both sides infiltrate and moist. Sow the land, loosen the soil layer, and put the seed blocks according to the plant distance of 20cm. In case of sunny day, ③ sowing should be carried out before 00:00 at 10 ∶ or after 00:00 at 5 ∶ in the afternoon, and the wrong plants should be sowed between rows to facilitate ventilation and daylighting. Don't usually ridge. The soil and miscellaneous fertilizer planted by ④ should be well mixed and moistened with water in advance, and a thin layer of fine soil should be covered with it after application. After ⑤ sowing, cover the border with straw, thatch, straw and so on, and remove the seedlings after 20% or 30% emergence.

2. When the sowing time is in the first and middle of September, and the daily average temperature is below 30 ℃, it is suitable. Before sowing, 48% Lesben or 1000 times of Suifeng liquid can be used to control underground pests. Do sowing while covering soil, after covering 667 square meters, spray evenly with 90% Horace 50 grams, 60 grams and 100 kilograms of water to control weeds. At the same time, cover the border with straw or grass to moisturize, protect against rain, lower soil temperature and facilitate seedling emergence. 3. Reasonable close planting autumn potato generally 667 square meters planting 5500 million 6000 holes, 667 square meters seed consumption 160 million 180 kg, wide row narrow plants, the row spacing is 40 × 25 cm. When the seedling height is about 15 cm, the soil is cultivated to increase the soil permeability, which is beneficial to the high yield.

IV. Field management clearance

1. The growth period of autumn potato with sufficient base fertilizer is short, and it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer. 1500 kg of rotten livestock and poultry, 50 kg of 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer or 50 kg of special compound fertilizer are applied to 667m2, and the soil is covered after ditching. Leaf age 6-7 leaf stage, look at the seedlings to apply topdressing, so as to irrigate horse running water in drought and waterlogging prevention in rainy days. Late blight can be sprayed with 72% Kelu 700 × 800 times solution.

2. Topdressing and water management are very important for potato cultivation. It can not only increase the number of stem nodes in the soil, induce more stolons to form tubers, but also prevent stolons from exposing light without tubers, or tubers stop growing when the light turns green. Due to the use of straw mulching, the soil can not be cultivated at the seedling stage, once at the budding stage (before and after 12 leaves) and once when the row is closed. Soil cultivation can be carried out in combination with ditch cleaning, or ash can be used to check the soil. Autumn potato needs more fertilizer and short growth period, so it should be based on base fertilizer, topdressing seedlings for 2 or 3 times, and timely ploughing and weeding at the same time. At the growing stage, the potato fertilizer was applied once with 700 kg of dung water for every 667 square meters, and the topdressing could be completed in combination with soil cultivation; during the tuber formation stage (before and after flowering), the stem and leaves were sprayed with 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 3% urea solution for 1 and 2 times. it is better to increase production by adding 0.1% copper sulfate and boric acid mixture during extra-root topdressing. On the one hand, the water management of autumn potato should prevent waterlogging and rotten potato at seedling stage, and on the other hand, it should prevent water shortage at potato forming stage, especially before and after flowering, which will seriously reduce yield. When irrigation, soak the ditch with small water, not over the border.

Fifth, pest control timely use of drugs to control potato late blight and aphids. The most effective agent for the control of late blight is the 600-fold solution of 25% Ruidu Manganese-Zinc, or the spray of 72% Kelu 700 × 800 times, and the effective agent for the control of aphids should be the 2000-fold spray of aldicarb.