"three Super" cultivation techniques of Rice

I. selection of suitable varieties

According to local conditions, high quality varieties with normal and safe maturity, medium tillering, large panicle, high grain weight, strong stress resistance and disease resistance, leaf clean and jerk, plant type convergence and high yield were selected.

Second, sowing early at the right time and sparse sowing to cultivate strong seedlings

(1) preparation for raising seedlings

1. Seedbed preparation

① nursery bed selection: choose no pollution, flat and loose, fertile soil, good water retention, leeward sunny plot special seedling field.

② ground preparation and trellis: in order to achieve super early sowing, we should prepare the bed and soil in the previous year, set up the scaffolding, buckle the greenhouse film in the first and middle of March, promote thawing, raise the ground temperature, turn the seedling bed 10 cm shallow and hold it flat. Make a bed 10 days before sowing and dig a trench 13 centimeters deep around the seedbed.

The bed surface should meet the requirements of "solid, flat, smooth and straight". Solid, the bed surface is solid without sinking feet; flat, the bed surface is flat without height; light, the bed surface has no stubble debris; straight, the seedling bed is neat and vertical on four sides.

two。 Preparation of nutrient soil

Use 20% mountain humus or grass carbon soil to add 70% fertile upland soil (unused herbicides), add 10% over-sifted pig manure, 1 hectare to prepare 2000kg 2500kg mixed soil, about 450m 500 bowl plates (561-hole pots).

Select fine weather and bed soil moisture suitable for sieving with 50 mesh sieve, moisture content is 10: 15%, fine soil hand squeeze into a ball, fall to the ground and disperse. The fine soil after screening and the high-quality, safe and reliable seedling nutrition preparation recommended by the local master (mixed well according to the dosage of the instructions), so that acid adjustment, fertilization and disinfection can be completed at one time, and an appropriate amount of blight control agents can be put in the nutritive soil to prevent the occurrence of blight. After mixing well, cover with agricultural film and set aside. In addition, 600 kg of unfertilized sifted fine soil was prepared to cover seed soil (covering soil).

3. Seed preparation

① seed dosage: about 40 kg of selected seeds per hectare.

② seed treatment: first, drying seeds in sunny and warm weather for 2-3 days before sowing, turning 3-4 times a day to promote the activity of enzymes in seeds, strengthen metabolism, enhance seed water absorption, and improve seed germination. The second is to select seeds, select seeds and eliminate blighted grains with salt water with a specific gravity of 1.13, and clean them with clean water after selection. Third, seed disinfection, the use of new agents for seed disinfection, turn up and down twice a day, soak seeds to prevent the occurrence of evil seedling disease. The fourth is to accelerate germination, which will soak the seeds to break the chest under the condition of 3032 ℃. When the seeds have about 85% of the broken chest, lower the temperature to 25 ℃, control the bud at about 1.5mm, and air the bud for 6 hours to prepare for sowing.

(2) sowing seeds

1. Sowing time

After sowing before April 10, the sooner the better, it is appropriate for the bed soil to reach 15 to 20 centimeters.

two。 Swing plate sowing

Put the bed to pour enough bottom water and disinfect the soil to make it soft, place the plate tightly, sow 2-3 tablets per hole with a seeder or manual, close weeding and covering with plastic film after covering the soil.

(3) Seedling bed management

1. Temperature management

Increase mulching before sowing to seedling emergence, keep 30 ℃, remove plastic film 80% to prevent scald, no more than 30 ℃ in 1 leaf stage, 25 ℃ in 2 leaf stage, 20 ℃ in 3 leaf stage, adapt to external temperature 3-5 days before transplanting, and ventilate day and night when the lowest temperature at night is above 10 ℃.

two。 Water management

Keep the moisture of the bed soil before emergence, control watering in the first 3-leaf stage, and timely watering according to the situation after the 3-leaf stage.

3. Prevention and control of diseases and pests

Three days before transplanting, "sending crop fertilizer" was applied once, applying 30 grams of ammonium sulfate per square meter, combined with watering, and spraying rooting powder solution at the same time to accelerate the turning green after transplanting.

The standard of strong seedling: the standard of multi-tiller seedling is ≥ 40 days, leaf age ≥ 5, tiller ≥ 2, plant height ≥ 15-17cm, its appearance is stout and sturdy, the base is stout and flat, neat and multi-tiller, the plant is tall and elastic.

Timely transplanting rice seedlings and strengthening Honda management

(1) rational fertilization

1. Fertilization level

The rational use of fertilizer by formula fertilization is as follows: 30 cubic meters of high-quality farm manure per hectare, 120-150 kg of pure nitrogen, 55-75 kg of pure phosphorus, 60-80 kg of pure potassium and 15 kg of available silicon per hectares. according to the actual amount of zinc fertilizer.

two。 Fertilization method

50% of all nitrogen fertilizer, 60% of potassium fertilizer, all silicon fertilizer, tiller fertilizer, 30% nitrogen fertilizer, and 20% potassium fertilizer should be applied before ploughing or raking. Zinc fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer or topdressing fertilizer, but only one can be selected and applied every other year.

(2) rational transplanting

The suitable time for transplanting rice seedlings is from May 15 to 25, and the seedlings should go down to the field with tillers.

Transplanting density and specification: wide row ultra-sparse planting, according to the characteristics of varieties and the degree of strong seedlings, it is recommended to use 36-17 cm, 2-3 seedlings per hole.