Management measures for jointing and long panicle stage of Rice

At present, the growth of rice in the city has gradually entered the stage of jointing and panicle growth, which is not only an important period for the transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, but also a key period to determine yield. To do a good job in the field management of rice in the middle and later stage is very important for protecting full panicle, attacking large panicle, shaping high-yield plant type and setting up high-yield shelf.

First, the characteristics of seedling situation

According to the survey on July 21, the average leaf age of mechanically implanted rice was 12.31 leaves, which was 0.49 more than that of the same period last year; the average leaf age of direct seeding rice was 10.31 leaves, which was 0.56 more than that of last year; the total number of tillers of mechanically inserted rice was 386300 seedlings, which was 11600 lower than that of the same period last year; and that of direct seeding rice was 512800, an increase of 9000 seedlings over the same period last year. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the foundation of rice production in the early stage of this year, there are the following outstanding problems:

First, there is a large proportion of dry direct seeding rice. The area of dry direct seeding in the city is close to 110000 mu, accounting for about 34% of the total area of rice. The phenomenon of extensive management is serious, which brings great hidden danger to high and stable yield. in some dry direct seeding fields, the growth and development of rice seedlings is slow, the individual is thin, and the seedlings are insufficient in the effective tillering stage.

Second, the early stage of seedling emergence is faster. This year, during the Meiyu period and after plum emergence, the temperature is high, the leaves come out quickly, there are many tillers, and the small tillers and ineffective tillers increase accordingly.

Third, the seedling situation is unbalanced. Due to the diversification of planting methods and the lengthening of sowing cycle, the growth and development process of rice seedlings is uneven, and the gap of seedling condition is large, which increases the difficulty of management. Fourth, the land is not in place. Part of the field is light, the surface of the field is bad, and the flexibility of rice plant is poor. The total number of tillers per mu in a few direct seeding rice fields exceeded 500000, and the population was too large, which was extremely disadvantageous to the field management and the shaping of high light efficiency population in the middle and later stage.

Therefore, in view of the grim situation of rice production this year, all localities must take immediate action to pay close attention to the field management in the middle and later stages of rice, ensure that various technical measures are in place, stabilize the number of panicles, focus on large panicles, and seize a bumper rice harvest.

II. Current key technical measures

The main results are as follows: 1. Due to the guidance of seedling classification, rice panicle fertilizer is skillfully applied. Ningjing 3 and Nanjing 44 varieties planted this year belong to large panicle type varieties, which need a large amount of fertilizer in the later stage, and the re-application of panicle fertilizer is the key to obtain high yield. At present, the continuous high temperature and strong light, high fertilizer consumption, rapid growth of rice seedlings, and large area fading after jointing, all localities should start and prepare early, and according to the current rice leaf age process and seedling characteristics, we should conscientiously grasp the use of rice panicle fertilizer. At the same time, the application of rice panicle fertilizer this year should be based on seedlings, stubble, sowing and planting methods, classified guidance, scientific operation, advocating one-time application of sufficient flower-promoting fertilizer, and skillfully applying flower-protecting fertilizer to seedlings.

Specific application time and fertilization quantity: water direct seeding rice sown before June 1, throwing transplanting rice and mechanically inserted rice planted before June 5, 12.5 kg of urea per mu before the end of July. Direct seeding rice planted after June 5 and mechanically implanted rice sown before August 1 and after June 1 will be applied with urea of 10kg / mu or high efficiency compound fertilizer of 12.5kg / mu before August 5-10. Throwing rice and mechanically inserted rice should not exceed August 5 at the latest, and direct seeding rice should be fertilized to promote flowering no later than August 15. On August 15-18, throwing rice and mechanically transplanting rice seedlings were properly applied flower-protecting fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer applied was 10MUR 12.5 kg per mu. The principle of panicle fertilizer application: throwing transplanting rice, mechanically transplanting rice to promote and protect twice panicle fertilizer, direct seeding rice general field application of flower promotion fertilizer, flower protection fertilizer is not recommended. At the same time, the early application of light leaf color, the appropriate postponement of the application of deep leaf color, the appropriate reduction of the amount of large field, and the appropriate increase of insufficient population.

2. Manage the water slurry scientifically and enhance the root activity. The differentiation of upper root and panicle of rice occurs synchronously, which is the main functional root system in the late growth stage of rice, and the improvement of root activity is an important physiological basis for high yield of rice. In view of the actual situation that the effect of shelving the field this year is generally poor, it is necessary to seize the favorable weather and the gap between disease and pest control in the near future, and continue to carry out soft shelving, light shelving, and repeated dehydration, so as to prevent the population from rebounding after rewatering. Shallow water layer should be established at booting stage and heading and flowering stage, and dry-wet alternation and interstitial irrigation should be used in other stages to ensure clear water in the field, maintain roots and protect leaves, improve root activity, cut off water 10 days before harvest, and avoid water loss prematurely, affecting the quality and yield of rice.

3. Do a good job of foliar fertilizer spraying to prevent and cure premature senility in the later stage. Spraying foliar fertilizer in the late growth stage of rice can optimize the canopy structure of rice plant, promote photosynthesis, improve photosynthetic efficiency, prolong the life of upper functional leaves, effectively prevent premature senescence in later stage, and achieve obvious yield-increasing effect. In particular, this year, a large proportion of the early stagnant seedlings of the fields are late, and some fields are now yellow and thin. all localities should vigorously publicize the spraying of fertilizer outside the roots in combination with disease prevention and pest control, and use it once at the booting, breaking, and heading stages of rice, and spray 100 grams of foliar fertilizer at each mu to maintain roots and protect leaves, reduce degradation, improve fruiting, and increase grain weight.

4. comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and insect pests to ensure safety in production. The middle and later stage of rice production is the peak period of the occurrence of major diseases and insect pests. According to the prediction and forecast of plant protection departments, all localities should pay close attention to the occurrence dynamics of diseases and insect pests at panicle stage and focus on the overall war of disease and pest control. In the near future, we must do a good job in the prevention and control of rice leaf roller and sheath blight, carry out unified control according to a unified formula, and comprehensively control the damage of diseases and insect pests.

5. Based on disaster resistance and disaster reduction, we will win a bumper harvest. The middle and later period of rice production is also a period of frequent natural disasters such as typhoons, torrential rains and hails. all localities should be based on fighting against major disasters and multiple disasters, and make disaster relief plans as soon as possible to prevent them. It is necessary to pay close attention to meteorological changes, keep abreast of the trends of local and regional disasters, and do a good job in prevention ahead of time. In field management, guide farmers to open a set of ditches inside and outside the field to ensure smooth drainage and irrigation. Formulate anti-adversity technical measures as soon as possible to ensure timely recovery of growth after the disaster and effectively reduce losses due to the disaster. At the same time, all localities should combine the activities of creating high yield of rice, do a good job in the management of high yield of rice, create a typical model of high yield, and enhance the radiation function of machine transplanting demonstration. It is necessary to conscientiously carry out investigation and research on different rice planting methods, and do a good job in comparing the yields and benefits of direct seeding rice and mechanized transplanting, so as to lay a good foundation for further changing rice planting methods and improving the comprehensive production capacity of rice in the future.