Occurrence and control of epidemic diseases in different feeding stages of pigs

The incidence of Pig in different feeding stages

Incidence of three major infectious diseases in pigs

Classical swine fever, swine erysipelas and porcine lung disease are the three major infectious diseases of pigs. In China, the total mortality rate of infected pigs accounts for about 8% of the total, and the mortality rate of pigs in areas with better prevention and control is also 5%. Therefore, the level of prevention and control of pig disease should be improved. If the total mortality rate of pigs can be reduced by one percentage point every year, which is equivalent to an increase of 5 million pigs, what a great wealth it is.

According to relevant statistics, diseases account for more than 80% of the causes of death in pigs, and infectious diseases account for about 70%-80% of all diseases in pigs, of which classical swine fever, swine erysipelas and porcine lung disease account for 70% of pig infectious diseases. Therefore, in the prevention and treatment of pig diseases, the prevention and treatment of these three diseases has become a top priority.

As the attenuated vaccine of classical swine fever developed in China is one of the advanced vaccines in the world, the epidemic prevention effects of swine fever Dan vaccine, swine fever erysipelas combined vaccine and swine lung disease triple vaccine produced by various designated pharmaceutical factories in China are more accurate. These three diseases can be effectively controlled in areas where scientific immunization procedures are followed and scientific vaccination density is maintained. However, the grass-roots veterinary epidemic prevention teams in some areas are unstable, and the epidemic prevention density of pigs can not be guaranteed. In some areas, immunization procedures can not keep up with the changes of the situation, and the disease still occurs after vaccination; atypical classical swine fever occurs in some areas; and in some areas, pig lung disease occurs from time to time due to the long-term use of binary vaccines, causing undue losses to the local pig industry.

Prevention and Control of stage Blight in Swine

One week to two weeks after birth, the death rate caused by various reasons accounts for 65% of the whole pig stage (from birth to 1 week to 2 weeks after weaning), while the mortality rate of the pig stage accounts for 70% of the pig's lifetime mortality. The importance of feeding management and disease prevention in the stage of pig feeding.

1. The disease is related to feeding and management. Improper cold protection and warmth protection of newborn pigs can easily cause colds, diarrhea, and even death (for example, pigs are afraid of cold pile-up and crush injury, etc.); failure to supplement calcium in time can lead to anemia and indigestion.

two。 Most of the red dysentery, yellow dysentery, white dysentery, paratyphoid fever and edema disease of pigs occur at this stage, and the causes of these diseases are roughly as follows:

(1) low maternal antibody titer or no maternal antibody.

(2) sows are in poor health.

(3) the sanitary condition of pig house is poor.

(4) the pigs were not vaccinated in accordance with the relevant epidemic immunization procedures or did not carry out the relevant drug prophylaxis.

3. The growth and development rate of piglets, especially the survival rate and weaning litter weight during weaning, are important indicators to measure the breeding efficiency of a pig farm. In the pig stage, once the pig gets sick, even if it is cured after treatment, it will still have a great impact on its growth in the fattening stage, and some of them will form stiff pigs.

The prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases should be given priority.

1. Priority should be given to the prevention of epidemic diseases. At present, most infectious diseases such as porcine colibacillosis, swine fever, swine erysipelas, porcine lung disease, paratyphoid fever, streptococcosis and asthma are vaccinated according to their respective immune procedures to avoid the time of cross-stress.

two。 Priority should be given to the treatment of the disease. When infectious diseases and common diseases occur at the same time, infectious diseases should be given priority; when two infectious diseases occur at the same time, severe infectious diseases and zoonotic diseases should be given priority; and when some secondary infections occur (such as secondary diseases caused by influenza), to be able to make a differential diagnosis.

Diseases of pigs at different feeding stages

Pig stage (from birth to 1 ~ 2 weeks after weaning)

This period is a critical period for pig growth. Most infectious diseases, some parasitic diseases and nutritional deficiencies caused by improper feeding and management can pose a threat to pigs and cause disease. There are many diseases that can lead to the direct death of pigs. The common diseases are as follows:

Red dysentery of son pigs mostly occurs in young pigs within one week of age.

The incidence of white dysentery in pigs is high.

Edema disease of son pigs mostly occurred in 40-70-day-old pigs, but rarely occurred in suckling pigs at the age of 10 days, and there was an increasing trend in recent days.

Classical swine fever can be infected from suckling pigs to piglets before and after weaning, and the younger the sick pigs are, the faster they die.

Porcine erysipelas is mostly caused by sows.

Porcine lung disease rarely occurs in suckling pigs and can be infected in the epidemic period after weaning.

Pigs with Streptococcus suis disease are highly susceptible, in which septicemia often leads to rapid death of pigs.

Paratyphoid fever of sub-pigs mostly occurred in unvaccinated pigs from 2 months to 4 months old, but rarely occurred in 1-month-old pigs.

The incidence of swine influenza is low, while the incidence of weaning pigs is higher.

Haemophilus suis is often secondary to influenza infection in pigs.

Congenital muscle tremor in pigs occurs sporadically in some areas, often in the whole litter, and newborn pigs are often starved to death or crushed to death.

There is a high mortality rate in young pigs infected with foot-and-mouth disease. Suckling pigs infected with this disease often do not see blister symptoms, often show acute gastroenteritis or myocarditis and die.

Transmissible gastroenteritis has a high fatality rate for young pigs within 10 days of age.

A large number of pigs can die from lung nematode infection before weaning.

Suckling pigs with ascariasis can be infected after 1 week of age.

Porcine cysticercosis can be infected in pigs in endemic areas, but there are few clinical symptoms.

Pig anemia is one of the most common diseases in 2-week-old to 4-week-old lactating pigs. Pigs from 3 days to 10 days old may die suddenly.

Rickets (rickets) is caused by deficiency or imbalance of calcium and phosphorus, in which congenital rickets is caused by bone dysplasia in fetal pigs caused by nutritional deficiency in sows.

Fattening stage (shelf pig-big pig)

The fattening stage is another key stage for the growth of pigs (commercial pigs). During this period, as pigs grew at the fastest rate, various diseases followed. Common infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, metabolic diseases and poisoning diseases are all problems that must be paid attention to in pig farms of all sizes, and various prevention and control measures must be put into practice.

Among the common frequently-occurring diseases in the pig stage, except for yellow and white dysentery and edema caused by Escherichia coli, as well as paratyphoid fever, pig anemia and rickets, most of the other infectious and parasitic diseases can be infected in the fattening stage. and the incidence rate is far beyond the pig stage, which poses a great threat to the pig industry.

In addition to the common frequently-occurring diseases in the pig stage, almost all pig infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, metabolic diseases and toxic diseases can be infected or developed in the fattening stage. Therefore, each pig farm must formulate disease prevention and control systems and measures suitable for the actual situation of the farm.

1. Do a good job of immunization against infectious diseases according to procedures. For newly purchased weaned pigs, the epidemic prevention situation should be carefully understood, and necessary vaccines (such as double vaccine and triple vaccine) should be replenished; for some seasonal infectious diseases, pigs should be immunized one month in advance; for infectious diseases that do not have an effective vaccine, drug prevention should be carried out 15 days in advance.

two。 Regular drug deworming is carried out. Parasitic diseases are very harmful to fattening pigs. Except for intestinal parasites, porcine cysticercosis and toxoplasmosis are zoonotic diseases, among which toxoplasmosis can also cause seasonal and regional epidemics. At present, there is no effective vaccine for most parasitic diseases and must be regularly dewormed and prevented by drugs. The feces of pig farms should be accumulated and fermented, and biological heat should be used to kill insect eggs.

3. To prevent common diseases by strengthening feeding and management. Many common diseases, such as trace element deficiency, vitamin deficiency and poisoning, can be prevented by feeding high-quality full-price formula feed. Therefore, the nutrition and sanitation of feed and drinking water should be strengthened.

4. Some infectious diseases can be prevented by adding drugs. At present, there is no effective vaccine to prevent some pig infectious diseases, such as swine influenza, haemophilus, viral diarrhea, porcine dysentery and so on. at present, there are some Chinese herbal medicine compound powders and powders on the market, which can be used for prevention and treatment. some traditional Chinese medicine powders can also promote growth.

5. Abide by the strict sanitary disinfection system. The enclosure of the intensive pig farm is easy to clean and disinfect because of its good facilities. The sanitary condition of the free-range enclosure of farmers is poor, so they must clean and pad the new soil frequently, accumulate and ferment feces, often spray the enclosure with disinfectant, and thoroughly disinfect the ceiling, inner and outer walls and passageways of the enclosure regularly.