Scientific preparation of feed for lactating sows

The task of sows is very heavy. In particular, lactating sows should not only provide their own nutrition, but also provide breast milk for the survival, growth and development of newborn piglets. However, the living and production environment of lactating sows in high temperature season is more disadvantageous, and high heat stress is a severe challenge for parturient sows. Therefore, how to scientifically allocate the summer diet of lactating sows and strengthen feeding management should be the problems that producers must actively consider and focus on solving.

Optimized configuration

To improve the energy level, we should ensure that the dietary digestible energy is more than 14 MJ / kg and the metabolic energy is more than 13 MJ / kg. The main choice is to select high-quality corn, moisture must be controlled within 14%, and other indicators should reach the second class of the national standard. Raw materials with high crude fiber content should be avoided. In addition, an appropriate amount of fat (3%-5%) or high-quality soy phospholipids (4%-6%) can be added to improve energy levels.

Increase crude protein content of summer lactating sow diet crude protein content can be allocated to 18%, must choose high-quality protein raw materials, it is recommended not to use miscellaneous meal, but choose high-quality soybean meal (crude protein content ≥ 44%), expanded soybeans, imported fish meal and other protein raw materials.

The balanced amino acid lysine content should be about 1%, methionine content is about 0.23%, cysteine content is about 0.46%, threonine content is about 0.5%. Higher lysine level and ideal protein are beneficial to the normal performance of lactating sows.

The content of calcium, phosphorus and available phosphorus should be 0.8%-0.8%, 0.7%-0.8% and 0.45% respectively. In order to improve the absorption and utilization of phytate phosphorus, phytase can be added to the diet. The low content of calcium and phosphorus or the imbalance of proportion can cause the paralysis of the hind limbs of lactating sows, so attention should be paid to the selection of high quality calcium and phosphorus additives in the selection of raw materials. Adding necessary vitamins to summer sow diet supplemented with a certain amount of vitamin C (150 mg / kg) can alleviate high heat stress: β-carotene can increase lactation and shorten the distance between weaning and first estrus; vitamin E can enhance immunity and antioxidant function, reduce the occurrence of sow mastitis and uterine inflammation, and reduce the number of weaning piglets and diarrhea of piglets. Biotin is widely involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Biotin deficiency can lead to dermatitis or cracked hooves in animals. High temperature environment can reduce the synthesis of biotin by intestinal bacteria of animals, so more biotin should be supplemented in feed. Vitamin D can regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. Some other essential vitamins such as B group, folic acid, pantothenic acid, choline and so on should not be ignored. Recommended formula: corn 58.0%, wheat bran 6.0%, soybean meal 15.0%, imported fish meal 5.0%, soybean phospholipid 6.0%, corn germ meal 6.0%, premix 4.0%.

Feeding strategy

The feeding goal of lactating sows is to increase the number of weaned piglets and litter weight, and to maintain normal breeding condition during lactation, that is, weaning weight loss of no more than 12 kg after 28 days of weaning. Excessive weightlessness will prolong the estrus period after weaning, and it can also cause a decrease in the number of babies born under the breast, and the consequences are serious. Therefore, the feeding strategy must be adopted around the above objectives.

Reasonable increase of feed intake in order to maximize feed intake of sows, the following measures can be taken respectively: the first is to carry out free feeding and unlimited feeding. That is, from the method of gradually increasing feed intake after 3 days of delivery to realizing free food intake after 7 days, the second is to feed less frequently, and to implement multiple meals, which is fed 4 to 8 times a day, and the third is to use time-based feeding to fully stimulate the appetite of sows and increase their food intake. No matter what kind of feeding method, we should pay attention to ensure that the feed is fresh and hygienic, and avoid mildew and deterioration (rancidity). In order to increase palatability, the method of wet mixing can be adopted.

There is a high demand for drinking water for lactating sows in summer. Therefore, the drinking water of sows should be kept open. If it is a trough type of drinking water, it should always be filled with clear water, and if it is an automatic drinking fountain, it should be observed and checked frequently to ensure that it is unimpeded, and the water flow rate and flow rate are required to reach a certain extent. Drinking water should be clean and in line with sanitary standards. Insufficient or unclean drinking water can affect feed intake, digestion and lactation function of sows.

Temperature control can be strengthened by installing rain curtains, ventilator, sunshade cloth, feeding watermelon peel, heat-clearing traditional Chinese medicine and other ways to prevent heat and cool down.