Diagnosis and treatment of Bovine Taylor Disease

Bovine Taylor disease is a kind of bovine hematozoonosis caused mainly by the parasitism of Tyleria annulata in cattle. The disease is mainly transmitted by intermediate host ticks and occurs more frequently in spring.

1 clinical symptoms

The body temperature of diseased cattle increased to 40 ℃ ~ 41.8 ℃, which was missed fever and maintained at about 41 ℃ in 4 to 10 days. A small number of diseased cattle showed relaxation fever or intermittent fever. with the increase of body temperature, diseased cattle showed depression, inability to walk and lagging behind, while some diseased cattle showed coma, lying on the ground, weak and fast pulse and increased respiration. Conjunctiva initially congested and swollen, followed by anemia, yellow staining, covered with mung bean blood spots. At the beginning of the disease, loss of appetite, late diseased cattle like to gnaw soil or other foreign bodies, reduce the number of ruminating, then stop, often grind teeth, salivate, discharge a small amount of dry and black faeces, often with mucus or blood spots, diseased cattle often appear forestomach relaxation, the disease is characterized by swelling of body surface lymph nodes, most diseased cattle side shoulder or groin superficial lymph nodes swollen like duck eggs, initially hard swelling, pain, and then gradually soften. It is often not easy to push (some sick cattle are not swollen). The diseased cattle lost weight rapidly, the body temperature dropped below normal temperature at the dying stage, and hemorrhagic spots appeared on the eyelids, tail roots and thin skin with millet grains and even dark red nodules the size of lentils (slightly higher than the skin).

(2) the change of dissection

Thin blood, abomasum mucosal swelling, congestion, needles to soybeans large yellow-white or dark red nodules; nodular epithelial tissue necrosis to form erosion or ulcer, ulcer diameter up to 2~10mm, irregular margin, mild swelling, slightly protruding from the mucosal surface, like fire-breathing or pot-like, grayish brown or yellow. Ulcers and nodules may also be seen in the duodenum. The liver and gallbladder were enlarged, splenomegaly, splenomalacia was purplish black, there were needle tips on the surface and section of the kidney to millet large gray-white or bright red nodules, a large number of bleeding spots on various organs, serous membranes and mucous membranes of the whole body, swelling of lymph nodes everywhere, anemia, the section was juicy and there were bleeding spots.

3 laboratory inspection

Microscopic examination of blood smears shows circular, oval, comma, rod-shaped, dot-shaped and cross-shaped worms. The number of parasitic worms in a red blood cell varies from 1 to 12, and it is common to have 2 to 3 parasites. Various forms of worms can appear in one red blood cell at the same time. The infection rate of red blood cells is generally 10%-20%, and the seriously ill can be as high as 95%. It can also be used for lymph node puncture.

4 Prevention and treatment

4.1 killing ticks in cattle

According to the activity law of ticks in this area, planned and organized tick killing measures were carried out. The tick killing drugs used were 1% malathion, 0.2% phoxim, 0.2% fenitrothion or 0.2% pest enemies. Each cow was sprayed with 500mL once every 3 weeks. After spraying, the coat should be slightly dried before drinking water and feeding. The long-term use of various pesticides can cause ticks to develop drug resistance, so insecticides should be used alternately and alternately to enhance the efficacy of killing ticks and postpone drug resistance.

4.2 avoiding ticks and banning grazing

During the breeding period of a large number of ticks, cattle stop grazing and house feeding in order to avoid encroachment. before house feeding, the barn must be thoroughly killed and disinfected before it can be raised in the shed.

4.3 treatment

The diseased cattle were raised in isolation and treated with symptomatic medicine, alternately with yellow pigment injection and Xuechongjing (Benir). At the same time of deworming, severe cattle were treated with comprehensive symptomatic therapy, such as cardiotonic, rehydration, strengthening stomach, relieving diarrhea and so on. On the first day, Benil was the first choice, 5% solution made from distilled water was injected into deep muscle according to 3.5~3.8mg/kg, the dose of seriously ill cattle was injected by 7mg/kg, and those with elevated body temperature were injected with antongding injection twice a day. Cattle with severe symptoms were injected intravenously with 10% glucose injection, sodium caffeine, vitamin C, dexamethasone, penicillin and so on. On the 2nd day, the patients were injected with sodium caffeine, hydrocortisone, vitamin C, glucose and sodium chloride injection 500mL, followed by deworming, and then injected with yellow pigment 3~4mg/kg, glucose and sodium chloride 1500mL. Benil was used on the 3rd day and yellow pigment on the 4th day, so Benil and yellow pigment were used alternately, combined with cardiotonic fluid replacement. 6 days is a course of treatment, generally, it can be basically cured after one course of treatment. At the same time, cattle with weak gastrointestinal sound and constipation can take some proprietary Chinese medicines for relieving diarrhea and invigorating the stomach to relieve symptoms.

4.4 points for consideration

In the course of treatment, affected cattle should prevent sun exposure, prevent tick bites, and improve feeding and management conditions.

5 killing ticks in the environment

According to the living habits of Taylor's transmission of glass eye ticks, the measures of killing ticks were taken, and the overwintering nymphs in cattle were killed with insecticides from December to January of the following year. From April to May, soil was used to plug the cracks in the wall of the bullpen and suffocate the blood-saturated ticks that molted in it. From August to September, the method of blocking the hole in the wall could be used to kill the female ticks that lay eggs and the newly hatched young ticks.

6 summary and discussion

Bovine Taylor disease began to occur in some villages and towns in our county in June, reached the most exciting part in July, and gradually subsided in August. Purchased 1-3-year-old improved cattle frequently occurred, and the local cattle generally had a mild disease. Purchased improved cattle can not come into contact with ticks, in the peak period of tick breeding, do not graze in the mountains, at the same time, eliminate ticks inside and outside the enclosure, and try to create a tick-free feeding and management environment for cattle.

After vaccination, the circular Taylor disease can be vaccinated with Taylor Coleoptera gel cell vaccine, which can produce immunity 20 days after vaccination, which can protect vaccinated cattle safely through the disease season.