High-yield cultivation techniques of Sesame in semi-arid mountainous area

The main results are as follows: 1. The selection of high-yield and disease-resistant varieties shows that selecting a good variety is the guarantee of high yield. Ezhi No.2 has the characteristics of wide adaptability, good high yield and strong resistance, and its yield per mu is generally in 130~150kg. At present, it has been popularized and cultivated in a large area.

2. The sesame seeds of fine soil preparation are relatively small, in order to facilitate seedling emergence, fine soil preparation, leveling and raking should be done before sowing, so that there is no light and dark bumpy, so that the emergence of sesame seeds is uniform and there is no phenomenon of missing seedling broken strips.

3. According to the soil fertility and the principle of determining fertilizer by yield, the fertilization standards of 150kg per mu are nitrogen 13.5kg, phosphorus 4.5kg and potassium 6kg. The fertilization method changed from fertilizing and sowing after ploughing to ploughing and sowing after fertilization. the average application of ammonium bicarbonate 65.1kg, calcium superphosphate 53.55kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and biological potassium per mu was 0.5kg. 0.15kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate was used to spray foliar fertilizer on water 50kg once per mu at flowering stage (late July).

4. Sowing in soil moisture at the right time to ensure the whole seedling investigation shows that early sowing at the right time can significantly increase the yield of sesame. According to labor, animal power, season and soil moisture, the high-yield field can be sown in early June after harvesting 1 piece, ploughing 1 piece and planting 1 piece. The sowing method is ditching and sowing, and the sowing amount per mu is 0.5kg. After sowing, it is necessary to wade the ground in time, suppress and preserve soil moisture, and make the seedlings emerge neatly.

5. The effect of ditching environment on the growth and development of sesame is better than that of waterlogging and drought, and waterlogging prevention, drought resistance and seedling protection are the prerequisites for high yield, stable yield and quality improvement of sesame. Therefore, the sesame should be trenched in time after sowing, with a width of 2.3m, a depth of 0.2m and a depth of 0.26m. In view of the weak links in the middle growth period, the chamber ditch was treated once so that the open water could be discharged, the dark water could be filtered and the drought could be irrigated.

6. Early management, promoting strong and protecting seedlings in order to prevent grass famine and seedling famine, it is generally necessary to achieve three ways of grass on the full moon, combined with weeding seedlings, that is, 1 pair of true leaves to open pimple seedlings, 2 pairs of true leaves to open seedlings, 3 to 4 pairs of true leaves to set good seedlings, the number of seedlings per mu should be guaranteed to be more than 12000. If weeding between seedlings is not possible in continuous rainy days, one is to adopt artificial seedlings and surprise seedlings, and the other is to carry out chemical weeding. When weeds have one leaf and one heart to two leaves and one heart, 50~60mL is used to spray water 50kg per mu, and the weeding effect can reach more than 85%.

7. the main diseases for disease control are root rot, anthracnose, leaf spot and so on. Control methods: selection of disease-resistant varieties and reasonable rotation. Chemical control: 40% carbendazim glue suspension 0.1kg was used to spray water 50kg, 50% methyl topiramate 2000 times solution or 1 ∶ 1 ∶ Bordeaux solution. Ralstonia solanacearum was irrigated with Bordeaux solution of 1 ∶ and 1 ∶. Sesame pests include small land tiger, diamondback moth, Spodoptera litura, beetle, firefly and so on. The water 75kg can be sprayed with 80% dichlorvos emulsion 100mL or 90% crystal trichlorfon 150 g per mu.