High yield and High efficiency planting of Export White Sesame

China's annual sesame exports remain at about 90,000 tons, accounting for 15% of the world's total exports, and sesame exports have great advantages. Since last year, due to strong consumer demand in Japan, South Korea, Europe and the United States, the price of pure white sesame in the international market has gradually risen, and the price of good quality has exceeded 1000 US dollars per ton. According to the analysis of relevant data, the sesame market is stable, and the benefit of developing export-oriented white sesame production is considerable. The key planting techniques for high yield and high efficiency are as follows.

1 the base chooses the base which is far away from industrial and mining enterprises (5 kilometers away), no industrial "three wastes", rich in light and heat resources and diverse ecological environment. The environmental quality of atmosphere, water and soil conforms to the environmental quality standard of pollution-free agricultural products production base. The land should choose sandy loam and light loam with high topography, good irrigation and drainage, fertile soil and loose texture.

(2) White-skinned sesame varieties such as "Zhongzhi 11, 12" and "Ezhi 3" were selected.

3 cultivation techniques

The root exudates of sesame in rotation are beneficial to cereal crops, but disadvantageous to soybean and sesame, and are prone to serious diseases. Therefore, sesame should be rotated reasonably with sorghum, corn or millet, preferably once every three years.

Fine soil preparation should be carried out before sowing, ploughing and raking should be done to preserve soil moisture, clean stubble should be sorted, and bumpy grains should be broken to make the soil fine.

The root layer distribution of fertilized sesame is shallow, and the effect of shallow application of base fertilizer is good. Seed fertilizer can be mixed with seeds or spread in sowing ditches or holes. General mu cake fertilizer 5 kg, or potassium sulfate 3 kg or soil fertilizer 300 kg 400 kg. Topdressing should be carried out at seedling stage, bud stage and full flowering stage. During flowering, 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed in the afternoon on sunny days, once every 5-6 days, 2-3 times in a row, and should be re-sprayed in case of rain, in order to increase capsule, grain weight and oil content.

Sowing spring sesame seeds in early May and summer sesame seeds in early June are appropriate, with a sowing rate of about 0.5 kg per mu. It is better to sow sesame seeds with strip sowing. Before sowing, 12.5% tepron or 2.5% flapping force is used to mix seeds, and the effect of disinfection and disease prevention is more obvious. Sesame should be sowed shallowly, and the sowing depth should be 1cm to 2cm. When the soil moisture is insufficient, the sesame seeds can be sown in shallow soil. After sowing, it should be suppressed in time to make the seeds in close contact with the soil, which is beneficial for the seeds to absorb water and germinate.

For single-culm type varieties, the suitable row spacing was 40cm to 44cm, with an average of 12000 seedlings per mu and 15000 seedlings per mu on sloping land, while for branched varieties, the row spacing was 42cm-44cm, with an average of 10 000 seedlings per mu and 12000 seedlings per mu on sloping land.

Strengthening the field management of ① early seedling and early seedling setting can avoid seedling crowding and competition for water, fertilizer and glory. The seedlings should be interspersed when one pair of true leaves appears, and the seedlings should be fixed when there are 2 or 3 pairs of true leaves. When fixing the seedling, it can be combined with transplanting, and water should be permeated before transplanting, so that the root system of the seedling is closely combined with the soil, so as to transplant with soil. ② ploughing and cultivating soil. Generally, one pair of true leaves, two or three pairs of true leaves and branches are ploughed once each. In case of high temperature and rainy weather, it is necessary to "hoe after rain and hoe if there is grass" to prevent grass and seedling famine. It is necessary to cultivate soil and seal roots in combination with the last ploughing, so as to facilitate drainage and irrigation, and prevent waterlogging and drought. ③ hit the top at the right time to reduce ineffective flowers. The single-stem and double-stem cultivation technique was carried out to remove the growth point of the main stem and induce the leaf axillary bud to germinate to form stem sesame at the seedling stage. That is, the spring sowing sesame retains the first pair of true leaves, and the summer sowing sesame retains the second pair of true leaves. When the leaves of the reserved leaves are half-unfolded and the lower internodes of the half-unfolded leaves extend about 5 mm, remove the half-spreading leaves and the growth point of the main stem, and keep the stem nodes 2-3 mm above the leaves. In the later stage of flowering, except for the growth of nearly 1 cm at the top. Spraying a mixture of 800 times carbendazim and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate immediately after topping can improve the photosynthetic efficiency of sesame leaves in the later stage, delay leaf senescence, increase grain weight and increase yield. ④ pest control. First of all, the weeds on the edge of the sesame field must be eradicated and the overwintering host must be eliminated. Combined with soil preparation in spring, killing overwintering pests and controlling more than 3-instar tiger larvae, artificial hunting should be carried out sooner or later. Use fully mature fertilizer to reduce egg parasitism. Use light to trap and kill adults; timely and effectively control sesame seedling blight, stem point blight, bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt. ⑤ harvested and threshed. When there are 1 or 2 capsules in the lower part of the plant, and the seeds of the middle and upper capsule reach the original seed color, they should be harvested, bundled, dried and threshed in time. It is necessary to take off and store alone to prevent mixed varieties, inconsistent color of seed coat and affect the quality of export.