High temperature and humidity to prevent Sesame Diseases

Recently, some farmers reported that some sesame leaves curled up and wilted, some reflected that sesame leaves wilted sharply from the top down, and some sesame leaves withered from the bottom up. What diseases are they? Farmers are also confused and have asked agricultural technicians to give technical guidance on how to prevent and control these diseases.

Judging from the current climatic factors, high temperature accompanied by humidity is easy to induce sesame disease, especially in sesame land with poor drainage, low terrain or continuous cropping.

From the sesame disease symptoms reflected by farmers in various places, they are mainly bacterial wilt, stem point blight, Fusarium wilt and blight. Although these four diseases are whole plant diseases transmitted through soil and Rain Water, their main symptoms are different. The stem of Ralstonia solanacearum appeared dark green patches at the initial stage, then developed into dark brown stripes, and the leaves of the diseased plants wilted rapidly from top to bottom and withered like hot water. The vascular bundles of the stem are brown, the pith is hollow, and there is often granular bacterial gum. Stem point blight is that the root turns brown at first, then the leaves curl and wilt from bottom to top, the top of the plant growth point bends and droops, and then the disease spot appears at the base of the stem, showing a yellow-brown water stain at first, and then to the fruit and seeds. In the later stage of the disease, the stem disease spot turned brown, and the stem was densely covered with small black spots with large needles. The root of Fusarium wilt turns brown after flowering, the leaves wither from the bottom up, and the roots and stems often suffer from the disease, resulting in reddish-brown dry stripes and pink mildew on the disease spot when the humidity is high. The blight is mainly caused by the dry shrinkage ulcer at the base of the stem, forming a concentrated disease, initially showing a dark green water immersion, and withering the whole plant in severe cases.

As the above four diseases have some common incidence rules, in the prevention and control, we should start from two aspects. In terms of agricultural prevention and control, in addition to paying attention to selecting disease-resistant varieties and avoiding continuous cropping, the key point is to clear ditches and drain water. In terms of chemical control, the first is to spray the same amount of Bordeaux solution at the initial stage of the disease; the second is to spray 0.1% copper sulfate solution; the third is to spray 40% carbendazim or 70% methyl topiramate 500 rain 800 times for 2 consecutive times; and 4) to spray 12 times with 40% ethyl phosphate aluminum wettable powder 300 times. The above measures are flexibly selected by various localities in the light of the actual situation.