High-yielding cultivation techniques of black sesame

There are many varieties of black sesame, and Zhongzhi 9 is the first variety selected by the Oil crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The variety belongs to branching type, and the yield per mu can reach 58.33 kg. The growth period of summer sowing is 95 days. The seed coat is black and the 1000-grain weight is 2.63 grams. The oil content is 47.3% and the protein content is more than 21%. This variety has strong resistance to stem blight and is worth popularizing.

At present, the "double-stem cultivation method" is mainly used to plant sesame. This method mainly removes the tip when the third pair of true leaves of sesame seedlings are semi-unfolded, so that the axillary buds of the first (or second) pair of true leaves germinate and grow, forming double stems. To adopt this method, you should master the following points:

1. Before early sowing, 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 40% carbendazim glue suspension can be used to mix 0.5 kg of water into paste and 0.5 kg of seeds to be sown. Sesame should avoid continuous cropping and advocate the system of two heads for 4 years. It is all about grabbing the stubble and sowing seeds early.

2. The suitable time for early sowing is to control the density. The sowing date of summer sesame is not later than June 15. Generally, the earlier the better. The planting density is generally 667 m, 28000 and 10000 plants.

3. Strictly control the topping time and method. Summer sesame leaves keep 2 pairs of true leaves topping, and retain 2 cm stem nodes above the leaves. In the same field, the standard of keeping true leaves is the same, and the top is finished at one time.

4. pay attention to topdressing sesame after topdressing, in order to prevent the phenomenon of de-fertilization of new branches, an appropriate amount of quick-acting fertilizer can be applied, and 100 times of liquid metoprolol or paclobutrazol should be sprayed when the second and third pairs of true leaves grow out of new branches. to prevent lodging and increase the number of effective capsules.

5. In the early morning to prevent grass famine, the border ditch and enclosing ditch should be opened first. Generally, the width of the border is 22.5 meters, the depth of the ditch is 0.3 meters, and the depth of the ditch is 0.4 meters and 0.5 meters. The setting of gullies depends on the topography and soil quality, and waist grooves should be made in the average area. The seedlings were fixed when they grew 2-3 pairs of true leaves, the row spacing was 36 cm × 12-15 cm, and weeded once in the middle ploughing. When the seedling height is 33 cm, topdressing is used to cultivate the soil.

6. Scientific fertilization to prevent diseases and insect pests due to the short growth time of summer sesame, the need for more fertilizer and concentration, it is appropriate to apply base fertilizer. About 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 30kg of phosphate fertilizer and 6kg of potash fertilizer are applied per mu. In the growing period, the fields with sparse seedling growth and weak growth can be topdressing 3-5 kg urea per mu. In order to prevent horn blight and leaf blight at jointing stage, 1000 times of hydantoin can be used to spray leaves twice. Imidacloprid spray can be used if aphids occur.