High-yield cultivation techniques of Pinellia ternata

Land preparation and Pinellia ternata prefer warm and humid environment, it is suitable to choose loose, fertile, moist sandy loam soil with drainage and irrigation conditions, soil pH 5.5-6.8. Dry Pinellia ternata likes fertilizer, so combined with soil preparation before sowing, base fertilizer should be applied, 2500-4000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer or soil fertilizer and 15-20 kg of calcium superphosphate per mu should be applied as base fertilizer, turning 20 cm deep, raking fine and leveling, making a border 1 meter wide, the length should not exceed 20 meters, to facilitate irrigation and drainage.

Tuber and plant bud propagation are often used in sowing production, and asexual rapid propagation can also be carried out by seed breeding or tissue culture. Tuber propagation and plant bud propagation can gain weight quickly and can be harvested in the same year. The tuber with a diameter of 0.5cm to 1.5cm is selected as seed, and it is suitable to sow when the average temperature in spring is about 10 ℃. In the whole border, open a ditch 4cm deep according to the row spacing of 20cm, the bottom of the ditch should be flat, sow the seed stem into the ditch according to the plant spacing of 4cm, put the terminal bud up, cover the soil and cover it flat, and press it slightly. When the soil is dry after planting, it should be watered in time. About 60 kilograms of seeds are used per mu. It can also be planted in autumn, generally from mid-late September to mid-October, with the same method as spring sowing.

Field management

(1) irrigation and drainage. After sowing, the seedlings generally emerge in 20 days in spring. in case of serious drought, properly watering to preserve the seedlings. After the seedlings, watering is controlled to prevent the growth of the aboveground parts and promote the growth and development of the underground parts.

(2) fertilizing and cultivating soil. After Miao Qi, loosen the soil and weed in time, and irrigate rare human feces and urine once. From late May to late June, the plant buds grew faster. When the plant buds grew and began to fall off, 500kg / mu topdressing fertilizer and 5kg urea per mu were mixed and scattered in the ditch, and the soil between rows was cultivated on Pinellia ternata seedlings to just cover the buds. After June, the buds on the petiole matured and fell to the ground, and the seeds matured and fell to the ground with the withering of the plant, and the soil was cultivated for 2 or 3 times according to the situation. Take fine soil from the furrow, sprinkle it on the border surface, about 1.5cm thick, cover the buds and seeds, and then pat it with a spade. Greater Heat and the Beginning of Autumn were treated with rare human feces and urine plus a small amount of superphosphate once. In the first and middle of September, 10 kg urea and 20 kg calcium superphosphate were mixed with soil and sprinkled evenly on the topsoil, which played the role of soil cultivation and grouting, and could obviously increase the yield.

(3) weeding by ploughing. After the seedlings come out, the weeds should be removed in time, and a small hoe should be used between the rows, with a depth of no more than 3 cm.

(4) shading. In production, corn and legumes can be intercropped on the border in the middle and last ten days of April, and the crops grow tall or set up to shade in the first and middle of June. After September, the temperature is getting lower and lower, so the crops should be harvested in time.

(5) picking buds. In addition to the need for seed reproduction, all buds extracted during the growing period should be removed to reduce nutrient consumption and promote the hypertrophy of the underground part.

Pest control

(1) root rot. It is easy to occur at high temperature and humidity. After the disease, the underground tuber rotted, and the shoot immediately fell to death. Prevention and control methods: pay attention to drainage, remove diseased plants and treat diseased holes or irrigate roots with 5% lime water, or soak seeds with 0.5%-2% lime water for 12-30 hours when sowing.

(2) Leaf spot. There were purple-brown disease spots on the leaves at the time of the disease, and then the plant gradually withered. Prevention and treatment methods: before and at the initial stage of the disease, 65% Dysenamine 500 times solution was sprayed once every 7 to 10 days for 2 consecutive 3 times.

(3) virus disease. The leaves of diseased plants are curled into flowers and leaves, and the plants are short and deformed, which mostly occur in spring and summer. Prevention and control methods: remove diseased plants, put an end to the source of infection; select disease-free plants and leave seeds.

(4) Spodoptera litura. The larvae are harmful to the leaves and bite them into notched or light-eating leaves. Control methods: spraying 90% trichlorfon 800 times solution or artificial capture at the young stage.

Harvesting and processing tubers can be harvested in the same year. In late September, when the leaves were withered and yellow, the tubers were dug out and graded according to large, medium and small sizes. Large sizes were processed into commodities, and medium and small sizes were used as seed blocks to continue planting. The fresh Pinellia ternata that needs to be processed after harvest should be peeled in time, and it is not easy to peel it if it is stacked for too long. Because raw Pinellia ternata is poisonous, hands, feet and skin should be strictly avoided from contact with Pinellia ternata. The dry Pinellia ternata for seed use can be stored in the winter by sand storage.