Standardized cultivation techniques of Pinellia ternata

Pinellia ternata, Pinellia ternata and Pinellia ternata are commonly used Chinese herbal medicines. There are wild distribution in the north and south of our country. In recent years, the resources are decreasing year by year, and the price is rising continuously. Therefore, the prospect of artificial planting of Pinellia ternata is very promising. The cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:

First, the choice of planting site. Pinellia ternata prefers mild and humid climate. Tubers can survive the winter naturally in the field, tolerate shade, and have strong growth adaptability. They can be cultivated on hillsides, hills and flat land. They can also be interplanted in orchard trees or intercropped with tall crops such as corn, rape, @ # 245cm @. It is best to be planted in sandy soil or red soil, but not in heavy clay and low-lying waterloam land.

Second, planting time and method. The sowing time of Pinellia ternata is from November in winter to May in spring. Combined with soil preparation before sowing, 2000 kg of stable manure or compost and 50 kg of superphosphate were applied per mu and turned into the soil as base fertilizer. Ploughing again when sowing, then leveling and raking fine, make the border, the width of the bed is 1.3 meters. The furrow is 30 cm wide and 20 cm deep. Pinellia ternata is mainly propagated by tuber, and it is best to plant along with digging. Generally, the strip sowing method is used to open a horizontal ditch on the border surface. The furrow is 15 cm apart and 2 mi 3 cm wide, and then the tubers are arranged in each furrow according to the plant distance of 5 mi 10 cm. The stem head is upward and the soil is covered after planting, so that there is no tuber. Keep the soil moist after planting to facilitate seedling emergence.

Third, field management. 1. Weeding: weeding should be done in time before the seedlings are closed, and the depth of intertillage should not exceed 5 cm, so as to avoid root damage. 2. Fertilization: 1000 kg of human and animal dung water of 1 ∶ 3 per mu was applied after the seedlings emerged; 2000 kg of human and animal manure water was applied per mu during plant bud formation; when the new buds appeared and the mother Pinellia ternata shelled and grew new roots, it was poured with 1 ∶ 10 dung water. After that, 25 kg of rotten cake fertilizer per mu can be used according to the growth situation, which is evenly mixed with ditch mud and scattered on the soil surface, which plays the role of soil cultivation and favorable grouting. In addition, some sparse human and animal dung water is often poured appropriately, which is beneficial to keep the soil moist and promote the growth of tuber of Pinellia ternata, thus increasing the yield. 3. Removal of buds: bolting and flowering will occur during the growing period of Pinellia ternata. In addition to leaving seeds, buds should be removed in batches in time to concentrate nutrients on underground tubers, accelerate tuber growth and increase yield.

Fourth, pest control. There are few diseases and insect pests in the first cultivation of Pinellia ternata, and leaf spot and virus will occur in the old producing areas. 1. Leaf spot. It occurs in early summer and harms the leaves. Prevention and treatment: spray 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 120 Bordeaux solution or 65% Dysen zinc 500x solution at the initial stage of the disease, once every 7 times every 10 days, for 3 times in a row. 2. Virus. It occurs in summer, harming stems and leaves. Prevention and control methods: (1) diseased plants are removed immediately and burned and buried deeply; (2) the diseased points are irrigated with 5% lime milk to prevent spread.

Fifth, harvest and processing. 1. Harvest: the growth period of Pinellia ternata is 180ml 210 days, and tuber propagation can be harvested in the same year or the second year according to the different sowing season. Generally in summer and autumn stems and leaves withered after digging, choose a sunny day to carefully dig up the tuber, avoid damage, shake off the sediment, put into the basket to cover, do not expose, otherwise it is not easy to peel. 2. Processing: first wash the sediment of fresh Pinellia ternata, classify it according to large, medium and small, then put it in a sack, gently beat it on the ground, then pour it into a clear water tank and knead it repeatedly until the outer skin is clean. After peeling, dry water vapor should be taken out in time, put on the ventilated and clean ground, exposed to the sun, and constantly turned. In the evening, take it back and put it indoors, and then take it out and turn it in the sun the next day until it is dried. The general yield of dry Pinellia ternata is 150ml / mu, 200kg (dry products), and the output value per mu is more than 5000 yuan according to the current market price.