Operating rules for standardized planting of Northern Asarum gap

1. Selection and preparation of land

1. Natural forest cutting blank land conforming to GB5618 -1995 Grade II standard shall be selected for land selection, irrigation water source shall be available, water quality shall conform to GB15084 -92 Quality Standard for Irrigation Water for Farmland, it shall be far away from traffic trunk road, natural forest and artificial forest shall be surrounded, dustproof forest belt shall be set up, and there shall be no pollution source around.

2. Soil preparation to remove debris in the field, turn twice with a tractor, the depth does not exceed 30 cm, and then rake 5 times, leveling rake fine. Artificial bed, seedbed width 1.2 meters, height 25 cm ~30 cm, length 25 meters, operation channel width 1.2 meters, uniform.

II. Seed selection and sowing

1. Seed selection selects disease-free plots and plants for seed collection, and puts them in a cool and ventilated place for 2 - 3 days. After quarantine, wash them, soak them in 1500 times of Sukeling solution for 2 hours after water control, stir them evenly with 3 times of fine sand, pour water, and put them in a cool and ventilated place. 1 - 2 days before sowing, bag with fine details, buried in the sowing plot to be sown.

2. The sowing date is mid-July. The seeding method with good effect is adopted, the row spacing is 10 cm, the seeding depth is 2 cm, the seeding quantity per square meter is 25 grams, the soil is covered with 1 cm after seeding, the small rake is gently raked, a layer of grass mat is covered, sufficient water is poured, and the bed soil is kept moist.

3. Transplanting soil can be transplanted from thawing to freezing. 2-or 3-year-old seedlings were soaked in 200-fold solution of 10% carbendazim and 800-fold solution of 50% zineb for 4 hours before transplanting. Plant spacing 5 cm x 6 cm. It can also be planted with 3 to 5 plants per hole. When planting seedlings, straighten the roots; put buds at the same height, plant them into wet soil, and cover them with the same depth. Large seedlings and young seedlings are planted separately. Root irrigation with dexone. If using plant division propagation, can choose rhizome long, bud bud more rhizome, every 1 ~2 bud bud, with 5 ~10 fibrous roots, cut into segments.

III. Field management

1. Weeding seedlings after weeding, do early, except small, except. The grass between rows can be shoveled with a small hoe and loosened at the same time. The grass between seedlings can be pulled out by hand without damaging the seedlings. Weed 3 ~4 times a year, and strive to have no weeds on the bed and work path.

2. Irrigation of Asarum requires a large amount of water, soil moisture should be maintained at about 40%, drought should be timely irrigation, especially seedlings rooted shallow, found drought, timely watering, to maintain seedling bed humidity.

3. Fertilization and application of farm manure, commercial organic fertilizer, humic acid fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, etc. 7 - 10 kg decomposed pig manure or 0.3 - 0.4 g calcium superphosphate per square meter.

4. Regulate the light north asarum sensitive to light, weak light greedy green excessive growth, affect tillering; light too strong, leaves easy to be scorched withered, resulting in yield reduction. Sunshade net can be set up to adjust illumination. Sunshade net is 1 meter high and 1.5 meters wide. Sunshade net is put on seedling when it is unearthed. The transmittance is 40%. Can also be planted on both sides of rattan plants, made of scaffolding shade, but must ensure shade degree.

IV. Pest control

Biological control methods should be adopted, with little or no pesticide application. Minimum effective dose should be used when necessary, or high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue pesticides should be selected.

1. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the main disease, which can occur from early spring germination to late June. Many irregular black sclerotia particles adhere to the roots of the affected plants, and the petioles have strip-shaped brown spots, which gradually expand until the ground parts wither, lodge and die, and the whole roots rot, leaving only empty skin, which is called "cancer" of Asarum heterophyllum. Prevention is the main control method. After emergence of seedlings and before wilting of plants in autumn, Tianan 500 times solution or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution can be sprayed. Topzin 1000 times solution or 10% carbendazim 200 times solution plus 50% zinc 8000 times solution can be sprayed once every 10 days for 2 ~3 times continuously. Severe cases can be perfused with 50% carbendazim 500 times solution to the root. If a single plant is found to be diseased, the diseased plant shall be dug out in time, the soil of the diseased hole shall be taken out, and the soil shall be disinfected with quicklime or 10% carbendazim 160 times solution, and new soil shall be replaced, and the soil shall be loosened frequently to improve the soil aeration. If the shade is too large, adjust the light to increase the transmittance. Drain well in rainy season and irrigate before harvest.

2. The main pest control pests are cutworms, black caterpillars. Ground tiger bites bud bud, gnaw off petiole and rhizome, cause lack of seedling. Can use zinc phosphorus poison soil spread in the ground for prevention and control, or lure with poison bait, can also be killed artificially. When larvae are harmful, they must be eliminated before the third instar to reduce losses. Black caterpillars can be controlled by spraying 90% trichlorfon 500 - 1000 times solution on leaves.

V. Digging and processing

Harvest can be achieved after 4 years of direct seeding, and can extend to 6 years if seeds are harvested. Transplanting Asarum heterophyllum, such as planting 2-year-old seedlings, harvesting 3 - 4 years after planting; planting 3-year-old seedlings, harvesting 2 - 3 years after planting. The harvest period of artificial cultivated Asarum heterophyllum should be August to September, during which the harvest quality is good and the yield is high.

Digging with a pick or shovel, from the end of the bed began to dig out. After digging, the large rhizomes can be cut into half with a knife, and the rhizomes are quickly rinsed with flowing water. This method can reduce fibrous root damage and increase yield. But do not rinse the roots above the stems and leaves to prevent blackening of the leaves. After drying, immediately put it in a cool and ventilated place to dry in the shade, try to avoid the sun to prevent the leaves from turning yellow. Avoid dew wetting when drying in the shade. When drying to semi-dry, bundle them into small handles and sell them after drying. Wash the root of the whole plant, can also be used to dry the dryer to half dry, tied into a small bundle, and then dry for sale.