Asarum

Asarum, also known as ginseng, tobacco bag pot flower. Belongs to Aristolochia family, perennial herb. It is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. Shennong Materia Medica Classic is listed as the top grade. It gets its name because of its thin roots and pungent taste.

There are many slender roots on the rhizome of Asarum. Rhizome apically divergent, each bearing 3 scales and 2 leaves with long stalks; scales orbicular, membranous, more than 10 mm long, apex obtusely rounded. Petiole 10 mi 23 cm long, pubescent or glabrous; leaf blade heart-shaped, 4 mi 8 cm long and 5 mi 10 cm wide. The flower is simple, purplish red, drawn between the two leaves, the pedicel is more than 5cm long in florescence and curved at right angles near the perianth tube, shaped like a smoke bag pot. Perianth lobes 3, triangular-broadly elliptic, 9 mm long, 11 mm wide, slightly acute, revolute from base. The fruit is a pseudo-berry, hemispherical, 10mm long and 15mm 20mm wide, with a residual perianth at the top, not splitting after maturity and breaking irregularly after decay. Flowering in May and fruiting in June.

Asarum is born in the deep and slightly shady part of the humus layer under the forest. It is commonly found in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests and broad-leaved forests, in dense bushes, in slightly moist places at the bottom of the gully, on the edge of forests or under sparse forests on hillsides.

Production is produced in the counties of Changbai Mountain and Mid-levels in the east of Jilin Province. The annual output of the province is about 150000 jin. Asarum whole herb contains 2.65% volatile oil. The main components of volatile oil are: methyl eugenol, safrole oil, carvone, borneol and so on.

Asarum likes moist and cool environment and is resistant to severe cold, so it is better to choose sparse woodland, humus, deep, loose and fertile loam, or shady and moist slope with light sand. Propagate with wild Asarum seedlings, seeds and rhizomes. Dry shade was harvested from May to August.

The use of Asarum is: ① whole herb medicine, used as antipyretic, diuretic, analgesic, sedative. Treatment of headache, sweating, expectorant effect. ② veterinary medicine is used to treat cough, asthma and constipation. ③ pesticide is used as insecticide and fungicide.

Chemical composition:

All kinds of Asarum contain volatile oil.

The whole herb of Asarum chinense contains 2.65% volatile oil, which is mainly composed of methyl eugenol, and other ingredients such as safrole, carvone, β-pinene, α-pinene, elemene, asarone and so on.

Seoul Asarum contains about 1% volatile oil, and there are about 23 components in the oil, mainly α-and β-pinene, camphene, caryophyllene, 1bei8-cineole, borneol, safrole, methyl eugenol, asarone and so on.

The volatile oil content of Asarum Asarum is 2.66%. The main components are α-platyrene, myrcene, γ-terpineol, α-terpineol, safrole, eucalyptus, asarone, methyl eugenol, 2-methyl safrole, β-pinene and α-pinene, nutmeg ether, limonene, and eugenol. It also contains n-pentadecane, sitosterol, stigmasterol and sesamin and other components.

Cultivation techniques:

1. Asarum is fond of loose and fertile soil, rich in organic matter, and its pH is neutral or slightly acidic. Avoid strong light, afraid of drought, so the main producing areas of the northeast choose more under-forest cultivation, with old ginseng land or farmland planting must build a shed for shade. Under-forest cultivation requires strict tree species, but broad-leaved forest is the best, followed by coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. The east or west direction of the slope is better, and the slope had better be less than 10 degrees.

Soil preparation should be carried out in spring and summer, and early soil preparation is beneficial to soil ripening, good growth of Asarum and light disease. Remove small shrubs or overdense branches from the woodland before ploughing to keep the light transmittance under the forest at 50% and 60%. The ploughing depth is 15mur20 cm, the stones and roots are removed, and the soil surface is flattened to form a high border with a width of 1.2 m, a length of 10 mi 20 m and a height of about 20 cm. The width of the operating path is 50-100 cm. The operating path can be slightly narrower when the soil layer is thick, and the working path can be wider when the soil layer is thin, so as to ensure that the border has enough surface.

two。 Field management

The main results are as follows: (1) watering herbicide Asarum has shallow root system and is not resistant to drought, especially in the seedling field, the seeds are small and the soil cover is shallow, so the soil moisture must be checked frequently and watered in time when the soil is dry to ensure that the seedlings are whole and strong. Attention should be paid to pulling weeds in time, and only ditches on the border should be free of weeds.

(2) adjust the light the temperature is low before May, Asarum seedlings require more light, but do not need shade. Starting from June, the light should be controlled at 50%, 60%, 60%, the shade shed must be built for planting Asarum in the old ginseng land, and the canopy or branches should be repaired according to the light requirements of Asarum.

(3) fertilizing and cultivating soil Asarum is a fertilizer-loving plant, which is planted in barren soil, and its growth is extremely slow if it is not fertilized. According to the experience of Liaoning, pigsty manure is the best basic fertilizer, followed by fumigated soil fertilizer (tiger manure), and calcium superphosphate is the best chemical fertilizer. In May and July every year, the supernatant can be mixed and dissolved with 1 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg of clear water, respectively, and the supernatant can be irrigated to the border surface with a spray can, and I kg of calcium superphosphate is used every 20 meters.

After the beginning of winter, 4000 kg of pig manure per mu was mixed with 40 kg of superphosphate to ferment together, and the fermented fertilizer and about 5 times of humus soil were mixed on the Asarum border, which not only played the role of fertilization in the coming year, but also protected the buds safely through the winter. Because the rhizome of Asarum grows upward one node every year, the bud on it is vulnerable to freezing injury if protected by wood.

(4) the perennial plants of removing buds blossom and bear fruit every year, which consumes a lot of nutrients and affects the yield, so they are all removed when the buds are extracted from the ground except for the remaining seed land.

3. Pest control

The main results are as follows: (1) there are few diseases to control Asarum diseases, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the most serious disease at present, which occurs from early spring to summer every year, causing damage to the whole plant. Prevention and control methods: strengthen field management, do not accumulate water in the border, do not harden, pay attention to ventilation, and adjust the light to 50%, 60%, 60% transmittance. It should be harvested or planted in a timely manner. 50% carbendazim 500-1000 times solution can be used for chemical control. It is found that the diseased plants should be removed thoroughly, sprinkle lime on the disease points or disinfect the soil with 5% formalin.

(2) Pest control mainly includes ground tiger, black caterpillar, locust, Asarum butterfly and so on. Black caterpillar, locust and Asarum butterfly bite the leaves, and in serious cases, most of the leaves are eaten. The ground tiger is the most harmful, biting the buds and cutting off the petiole and rhizome. The ground tiger can be killed with bean cake or wheat bran mixed with trichlorfon as bait, or poisoned with poisonous soil. Other pests can be sprayed with 1 000 times of trichlorfon.