Two-stage cultivation techniques of volvariella volvacea

Straw mushroom, also known as orchid mushroom, bract mushroom. Nutritious, delicious and delicious, in the hot summer, using several straw mushrooms to make soup for consumption, unique flavor, endless aftertaste, deeply welcomed by consumers.

The growing season of volvariella volvacea is from June to September, which is a variety with fast growth, short production period and quick effect, from sowing to mushroom production for 8-10 days. By using the new two-stage cultivation technique, 50 kg of fresh mushrooms can be produced per 100 kg of raw materials in 40 days, with an output value of 300-400 yuan.

The two-stage cultivation technique of volvariella volvacea is a practical and high-yielding new technology successfully tested by the author in many years of production practice, drawing lessons from the principle that Pleurotus ostreatus can significantly increase production by covering soil. By using this method, after years of large-scale popularization, the yield is 1-2 times higher than the traditional heap planting, and the biological efficiency can be increased by 1-2 times, with an average biological efficiency of 58% and a maximum of 65%. This technique is introduced as follows:

First, optimize the strain. The best varieties selected were volvariella volvacea V238 (large grain type), V20 and V35 (medium grain type). The above varieties have the characteristics of large and round, dense mushrooms, high yield, not only can be sold fresh, but also suitable for processing cans and so on. The age of the cultivated species should be controlled at 15-20 days, and it is difficult for the aging strains to obtain high yield.

Second, raw material treatment. Choose golden, dry, mildew-free rice and wheat straw, expose to the sun for 2-3 days, and repeatedly crush the grass stem into soft cotton-like shavings with machinery or cow-pulled stone. Formula: Rice straw or wheat straw 100 kg, plus dry cow dung powder 10 kg, plant ash 5 kg, wheat bran or rice bran 3 kg, compound fertilizer 1 kg, gypsum powder 2 kg, mix all kinds of excipients evenly, pre-wet with 500 times carbendazim solution, then mix evenly with forage, then pre-wet the forage repeatedly with 5% lime water (dry material ratio) to make the water content reach 70%. Hold the material tightly with hands. It is appropriate to have 5-6 drips between the fingers. The pH value is 12. Then build a pile of fermentation, covered with film to keep warm and moisturizing. Keep the material temperature above 60 ℃ for 24 hours and turn the heap once; keep it 24 hours after the material temperature rises to 60 ℃ again, cool down when the material is brown and there are a large number of white actinomycetes, spray 0.1% carbendazim solution into the material evenly, mix thoroughly and evenly, and the fermentation period is 7-8 days.

Third, bagged fermentation. The cultivation bag should choose a low-pressure polyethylene bag of 50 cm × 24 cm × 0.03 cm (long × wide × thick). First, fasten one end of the bag with rope, sow a layer of bacteria at the bottom of the bag, load a layer of material, then sow a layer of material, cover the surface of the material with bacteria, pack a total of 2 layers of material, sow 3 layers of seeds, and finally tighten the mouth of the bag with rope. the material should be packed with a moderate tightness, packed while compacting, each bag contains about 800 grams of dry material, and the total sowing amount is 15%. After inoculation, put the bag in a clean and ventilated indoor fermentation, stack 1-2 layers, each bag spacing 20 cm, room temperature about 32 ℃, space relative humidity 70%. After survival and colonization of the strain, loosen the mouth rope, increase the oxygen in the bag and promote the growth of mycelium. Under the suitable temperature condition, the mycelium can fill the bag for about 10 days, and after the pink chlamydospores are produced on the material surface, it will enter the mushroom stage.

Fourth, make land preparation and build a site. You can use the front and back of the house, the head of the field and the end of the field, various woods or melon sheds and other places to build a field to produce mushrooms. It is required that the terrain is flat, near water source, clean and sanitary, and convenient for drainage and irrigation. After the selection, turn the soil 5-10 cm deep, break it, pick up weeds, tree roots, stones, etc., make it 1 meter wide, 20 cm high, unlimited border bed, and wet the soil with 5% lime water. Spray 800-fold dichlorvos and then cover with film for 24 hours to kill diseases and insect pests in the soil.

Fifth, take off the bag to produce mushrooms. After taking off the bag, the mycelial tube was placed flat in the border bed, the spacing of each tube was 5 cm, and the gap was filled with fertilizer soil (fertilizer formula: vegetable garden soil 92.5%, plus plant ash 5%, compound fertilizer 0.5%, lime powder 2%). The fertilizer soil is pre-wet with 1% lime water to form a ball in hand, touch the ground and cover the material surface with fertilizer soil 1-1.5 cm thick. After the first compartment is finished, bamboo is used to build a bow shed to cover the film and grass curtain to protect moisture and shade, the temperature in the film is kept at 30-34 ℃ and the humidity is 90-95%. After the bacteria tube is covered with soil, the hyphae can grow into the soil layer in 2 days, and small mushroom buds can appear on the soil surface in 5-7 days.

6. Management and harvesting. After the fungus tube is covered with soil, water should be sprayed 1-2 times a day to keep the soil layer moist and properly ventilated. After a large number of mushroom buds are formed, spray water 2-3 times a day, the water temperature should be the same as the natural temperature, do not cause a large temperature difference and die mushrooms. Ventilation should be carried out slowly, keeping the humidity on the bed surface stable, and after 3-5 days of young mushroom growth, when the bacterial curtain is about to break, the bacterial cover in the bacterial curtain is not unfolded, it is harvested in time, and the large and small ones are harvested, picked and put lightly, and sold or processed in time. After each harvest, 0.1% compound fertilizer solution should be sprayed to the material surface, and the second tide mushroom can show buds after 3 days. Generally, 4-5 tide mushrooms can be collected.