Key points of cultivation techniques of straw mushroom and wheat straw

Volvariella volvacea is a kind of high-quality edible fungus and a typical high-temperature mushroom species, which is suitable for cultivation in summer. The optimum temperature for mycelium growth of volvariella volvacea was 3039 ℃, the optimum temperature was 36 ℃, the growth was very weak below 15 ℃ or above 42 ℃, the mycelium stopped growing at 10 ℃, and the mycelium died below 5 ℃. The optimum temperature of fruiting body is 28-33 ℃, but it is difficult to form fruiting body below 24 ℃. Therefore, the temperature management of cultivated volvariella volvacea is very strict.

1. Site selection and treatment. Select leeward, sunny, highly dry, organic matter-rich loam to do east-west sunny border, border width 80cm, unlimited length, deep 30cm, the surrounding wall, the north wall is higher than the ground 30~35cm, the south wall is higher than the ground 15cm, naturally inclined from north to south. The border is covered with bamboo poles and covered with film and grass to control mild and moisturizing. The bottom of the border is tamped, the four walls are flattened, and the 60~70cm aisle and drainage ditch are left in the border. After it is done, water it according to the soil moisture and spray ph8~9 lime water for disinfection.

two。 Treatment and sowing of culture materials. Culture material formula: 50% wheat straw powder, 45% cottonseed shell, 5% wheat bran, 5% lime 50% carbendazim 0.05%. (1) fermentation. The wheat straw was crushed, mixed with ph8~9 lime water according to the ratio of material to water 1 ∶ 1.8, and then fermented. Fermentation method: the material was stacked into a cone about 1m high, or a long pile 1.5m wide and 1m high, and two rows of air holes were punched around or on both sides with sticks of diameter 5~6cm, and the distance between them was 30cm. When the material temperature rises to 60-70 ℃, turn the pile once every 24 hours, a total of 4 times. Pay attention to the water content of the culture material when turning the pile, and replenish it in time when it is insufficient, keep the water content at about 60%, spray insecticide on the surface of the material once after the last turn, and then cover it strictly with plastic braided sheet soaked in lime water to prevent mosquito and fly pollution. After the above fermentation, the high-quality culture material has the following characteristics: Brown, no dung odor and ammonia odor; loose and soft texture, clutching in hands, gently shaking can spread; ph7~7.5; water content of 60%, that is, holding the culture material, water oozing but not dripping between fingers; no insect mites. (2) sowing seeds. The fermented material was evenly spread in the border according to 15g per square meter, and it was arranged into the shape of steamed bread which was slightly higher in the middle and lower on both sides, then the bacteria were spread evenly on the surface, the amount of sowing at the edge 5~6cm was slightly larger, compacted, and covered with plastic film and grass grass.

If using bag material cultivation, first shake the fermentation material loose, cool it to less than 40 ℃ and bag it, use 15%-20% of the dry material, then 4 layers of bacteria, fasten the two ends of the bag with a rope, tie 8-10 small holes with a needle, culture in an environment of 32-35 ℃, and unfasten one end after 3-4 days.

3. Management of cultivation period. After sowing, the temperature is mainly controlled by uncovering the grass. When the border temperature is low, it will increase the temperature during the day and cover it to keep warm in the morning and evening. Generally, the temperature of the material begins to rise on the first and second day after sowing, and the central temperature of the material can reach 40: 60 ℃ on the 4th and 5th day, and the surface of the material is 30: 40 ℃. Then it gradually drops. When it drops to 30: 40 ℃, the hyphae begin to kink to form a fruiting body primordium after 8 days. If the temperature is too high, it should be ventilated, and the growth stage is generally not watered. If the humidity is too low, it can be watered once 5-6 days after sowing, or covered with a layer of 1~2cm thick fertile loam. After the appearance of the fruiting body primordium, the covering should be supported, ventilated and ventilated, and the light should be increased to facilitate mushroom production. At this time, if the water content of the culture material is insufficient, it is necessary to spray water in time. After the first stubble mushroom is harvested, if the ph is less than 8: 9, 1% lime water should be sprayed to adjust.