Types and preparation of Culture Materials for volvariella volvacea

The raw materials needed for volvariella volvacea cultivation come from a wide range of sources. At present, the most commonly used are rice straw, wheat straw, waste cotton and cottonseed hulls. The waste of some edible fungi can also be used to cultivate straw mushrooms.

1. Straw

Choose golden, mildew-free dried straw and use it in the sun for 1 or 2 days to prevent the emergence of umbrellas or other miscellaneous bacteria during cultivation. There are generally two ways to deal with straw, one is to cut the straw into about 5cm long, then soak it in 3% lime water for 1 to 2 days, then add 20% 25% dried pig manure or dried cow dung for 2 to 3 days, turn it once when the material temperature rises to 60 ℃, and then enter the room for high temperature disinfection, that is, keep it for 2 hours when the mushroom temperature and material temperature rises to 58 ℃ and 62 ℃. Generally, about 6 kg of straw is used per square meter of cultivated area. The second method is to lay the original straw on the mushroom bed and expose the grass roots; then spray the straw fully with 2% lime water, heat the mushroom house, keep it for 2 hours when the temperature rises to 58-62 ℃, and then maintain 48-52 ℃ for 4 days; finally, cover the straw with cow manure or pig manure that has been dried and crushed and the moisture is adjusted to about 50%.

The cultivation of straw should be arranged in July and August when the average temperature is above 26 ℃.

2. Wheat straw

The treatment method of wheat straw is basically the same as that of rice straw. There is a layer of wax on the outside of the straw, which is not easy to soak, so the soaking time should be longer.

3. Cotton waste

Waste cotton is the best culture material for volvariella volvacea cultivation. Waste cotton contains a lot of cellulose and an appropriate amount of nitrogen, which has good moisture retention and moisture absorption. Treatment of cotton waste: soak it with 5%-6% lime water for 12-20 hours, then pick it up and drain the excess water. When entering the bed, the moisture content of the material should be about 70%. The cultivation of straw mushroom with waste cotton generally does not need to add other excipients. Generally, 913 kg of waste cotton is needed per square meter of cultivated area. When the temperature is high (more than 30 ℃), the thickness of the material is about 10 cm; when the temperature is low (below 26 ℃), the thickness of the material is about 15 cm. When planting on the ground, the material can be thickened appropriately.

4. Cottonseed hull

Cottonseed shell is also a better raw material for the cultivation of straw mushrooms. during treatment, the cottonseed shell is exposed for 1 / 2 days, and then fully pre-wetted. After 12 to 15 days, add 5%-6% lime powder and 1% calcium superphosphate, mix well, add about 70% water, and then build a pile, 1.5 meters wide and 1 meter high, surrounded by plastic film on the edge of the pile and covered with straw. The composting period is generally 3-5 days, which can be shorter in summer and longer in spring and autumn. Turn the pile 1 or 2 times during the stacking period, replenish water when turning, and keep the water content of the material at about 70%.

5. Mixture

The mixture is to mix two or more kinds of culture materials and make use of the advantages of all kinds of culture materials to cultivate straw mushrooms. If straw mushrooms are cultivated in July and August, it is appropriate to use a mixture of waste cotton, rice straw or cottonseed hull and rice straw. Generally, 60% to 70% of waste cotton or cotton husk and 30% to 40% of rice straw are mixed, so as to achieve the purpose of cooling and ventilation.