High-yield cultivation techniques of volvariella volvacea indoor bed frame

1. Basic conditions for the growth and development of volvariella volvacea

1.1 nutritional cultivation materials must contain carbon, nitrogen, minerals and vitamins. Therefore, cellulose-rich straw, wheat straw, hemp straw, waste cotton, cottonseed hull and bagasse are all raw materials for the production of straw mushrooms. Nitrogen-containing compounds are important elements in the synthesis of cell protein of volvariella volvacea. Straw mushroom can only use low molecular weight amino acids. Organic nitrogen substances such as wheat bran and rice bran peptone can be used as nitrogen sources. The cultivation of volvariella volvacea usually does not need to add ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and urea. In addition to carbon and nitrogen, a variety of minerals such as potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus and so on are also necessary. Generally, there is enough content in cellulose-containing raw materials and there is no need to supplement them. When preparing the culture material, we should pay attention to the ratio of carbon to nitrogen. It is proved that the C / N ratio of 60 ∶ 1 is the most suitable for the growth of volvariella volvacea.

1.2.It is suitable for cultivation when the daily average temperature is above 23 ℃, and it is very sensitive to external temperature. The temperature range of growth and development of volvariella volvacea is 10: 45 ℃, the temperature range of mycelial growth is 20: 40 ℃, the suitable temperature is 30-39 ℃, the optimum temperature is 35-36 ℃, the mycelium growth is strongly inhibited when the daily average temperature is below 15 ℃ and above 42 ℃, and the mycelia below 5 ℃ or above 45 ℃ die quickly. The optimum temperature for the differentiation and development of fruiting body is 2732 ℃, and the optimum temperature for growth is 28035 ℃. It is difficult to form fruiting body when the temperature of culture material is lower than 28 ℃ and the temperature is lower than 24 ℃. The fruiting body grows very fast when the temperature of culture material exceeds 40 ℃, and the individual is small, so it is easy to open umbrella. When the suitable temperature is on the low side, the growth is slow, the individual is large, and the umbrella is opened slowly.

In addition, in the process of cultivation, the growth temperature of volvariella volvacea should be strictly distinguished from the optimum temperature for high yield. As long as the culture material is lower than 28 ℃ or higher than 42 ℃, the yield of volvariella volvacea will be seriously affected.

1.3 the humidity of the culture material is 65%-70%, which is different from the air temperature. When the temperature is high and the air humidity is low, 70% is appropriate, while when the temperature is low and the air humidity is high, 65% is appropriate. In general, it is better to lower the humidity of the culture material, especially in winter and spring.

The suitable mycelial growth stage is 75% 85%, and the fruiting body stage is 85% 95%. Low humidity, slow growth of mycelium, difficult to form fruiting body, high humidity, much moisture, poor ventilation of culture material, affecting respiration, resulting in rotting mushroom and dead mushroom, mass reproduction of miscellaneous bacteria, diseases and insect pests, atrophy and death of small mushroom buds.

1.4 volvariella volvacea is a kind of aerobic fungus, which grows under the condition of more than 30 ℃, and its respiratory metabolism is very exuberant, which consumes a lot of oxygen. Therefore, proper ventilation and adequate oxygen supply are important conditions for high yield. Insufficient ventilation, excessive accumulation of carbon dioxide, seriously hinder the growth of mycelium, the impact on the growth and development of fruiting body is more obvious, light sunken top, the formation of navel mushroom, heavy lead to dead mushroom rotten mushroom. Therefore, straw mushroom cultivation should pay special attention to ventilation, but ventilation should not be too urgent, especially when the temperature is low, too fast will lead to a large number of young mushroom death.

1.5 Light the mycelium growth of volvariella volvacea does not need light, but the formation of fruiting body needs some scattered light. Under the condition of complete darkness, the fruiting body is difficult to form, but the strong light can inhibit the fruiting body formation, so it is necessary to avoid direct sunlight during cultivation. The intensity of light has a direct impact on the quality and luster of the fruiting body, with sufficient light, dark color and dense organization; insufficient light, light color and loose organization, consumers can adjust the color of the fruiting body according to different consumption habits by controlling the light intensity.

1.6pH value of volvariella volvacea preferred alkaline environment, the optimum pH for mycelial growth was 7.5. the fruiting body grew best in the medium with pH 8.0. As the pH value of culture material decreases gradually during the growth of volvariella volvacea, the pH value is usually increased to 9: 10 by adding lime when preparing culture material.

two。 Indoor bed frame high-yield cultivation

Volvariella volvacea can achieve high and stable yield only when temperature, humidity and ventilation are well coordinated. Several key links of high and stable yield management of volvariella volvacea were summarized in the process of cultivating volvariella volvacea.

2.1 fully disinfect the mushroom house and clean up the surrounding environment

Volvariella volvacea cultivation is in the environment of high temperature and high humidity, and there are many diseases and insect pests. Therefore, the mushroom house must clean up the weeds around the mushroom house before cultivation, thoroughly clean and clean the mushroom room, open the doors and windows for ventilation, and spray the floor, bedstead, and wall with 3: 5 limewater after the ground and bedstead are dried. Fumigate with formalin, the dosage is 10 ml of formalin per cubic meter of space, 3 grams of potassium permanganate, fumigation for 24 hours.

2.2 fully soak the culture material and carry out secondary fermentation

Soak the waste cotton into lime water, add 5 kg of lime for every 100 kg of waste cotton, soak it out and make a pile and cover it with thin film fermentation for 2 days. The waste cotton was mixed loosely and evenly, adjusted the pH value to about 9 with lime, moved into the mushroom room, spread it on a culture rack covered with film, spread out the material surface, covered with film, closed the doors and windows, heated and sterilized to keep the temperature of the culture material above 65 ℃ for 8 hours.

2.3 selecting high quality bacteria and mastering the quality of sowing temperature bacteria directly affect the yield and the success or failure of cultivation. First of all, according to the local consumption habits to select varieties, followed by the selection of pollution-free age species. No pollution of the appropriate age species, the appearance of the hyphae white, transparent or translucent, the bag (bottle) mouth with a small amount of reddish brown chlamydospores, the hyphae grow to the end.

Sow seeds when the feed temperature drops to about 40 ℃. The cultivation temperature can be higher in winter and lower in summer, and the film can be covered after sowing.

The first to the fifth day of the management of mycelium stage is volvariella volvacea mycelium stage, after sowing, the doors and windows are closed for heat preservation and moisturization. these days, regardless of the temperature, regardless of humidity, light, etc., maintain the material temperature of about 36 ℃, not lower than 30 or higher than 40, open doors and windows for one hour in the morning and afternoon, and shake the film to breathe properly.

2.5 strengthen the management of mushroom production, timely uncover the film and give light straw mushroom vegetative growth for about 5 days, that is, enter the reproductive growth stage, that is, the mushroom stage, and on the fifth day uncover the film and spray mushroom water into the material surface and space, in order to increase the water content of the material and improve the relative humidity of the space, commonly known as "pressure bacteria". After spraying water, the ventilation should be increased and the room temperature should be decreased to promote the differentiation of fruiting body. If the film was opened and mushroom water was sprayed one day later, the differentiation of fruiting body would be delayed and the yield would be affected. In general, the air temperature in the mushroom stage should be kept at 2832 ℃, the material temperature should be kept at 333.35 ℃, the water content of the culture material should be 72% and 75%, and the air relative humidity should be about 90%. Do not spray water to the material surface on the first or second day of mushroom production, you can only spray it thinly into the space, not directly to the mushroom bud. From the sixth day on, a certain amount of scattered light should be given at night, doors and windows should be opened and closed at night, and air windows should be ventilated until harvest. During this period, the temperature in the mushroom room should not change too much, nor should the strong wind blow directly on the mushroom bed, otherwise, a large number of young mushrooms will die.

2.6 the mushroom buds can be seen in 6-7 days after sowing under suitable temperature and humidity conditions, and can be harvested in 10-11 days. Generally in the egg-shaped stage, the mushroom body is not obviously elongated when harvested. The fruiting body grows rapidly and should be harvested frequently, usually one in the morning, one in the middle and one in the evening. The action of harvesting should be light, press and hold the growth part of straw mushroom with one hand, and twist and pick the mature straw mushroom with the other hand, not like pulling grass, which will loosen the surrounding culture material, cause the mycelium to break, and make the young mushroom die because of lack of water and nutrition. Tufted mushrooms are best harvested when most of them are available. During the harvest period, generally do not need to spray water during the day, if the material surface is too dry, can be sprayed thinly to the space in the evening, so as to avoid the shrinkage of young mushrooms, prolong the harvest period and increase the yield.