Annual production and cultivation techniques of Straw Mushroom and Coprinus comatus

1 stubble arrangement

1.1 Straw mushroom. Prepare materials for sowing in May, harvest 1 crop a month, harvest 3 tides, and end production at the end of September.

1.2 Coprinus comatus. Sowing seedlings in September, planting mushrooms in the shed in late October, harvesting the first tide in mid-November, inoculating seedlings again in late November, two tides in mid-December, and three tides in the first ten days of January next year. The second crop was planted in late January and production ended at the end of April.

2 cultivation techniques

2.1 cultivation techniques of volvariella volvacea

2.1.1 ingredients.

(1) 100 kg of wheat straw, 5 kg of wheat bran, 1 kg of urea, 1 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 1 kg of gypsum, 0.1 kg of carbendazim and 5 kg of lime powder.

(2) 50 kg of waste mushroom material, 40 kg of short wheat straw, 10 kg of wheat bran, 5 kg of lime powder and 0.1 kg of 50% carbendazim. The ratio of ingredient to water is 1 ∶ 1.5 and the pH value is 9: 12.

2.1.2 accumulation fermentation. Mix the culture material well and mix it with moisture, and the humidity should be dripped out with water in your hand. The pile is made into a trapezoidal pile with a bottom width of 1.5 meters, a top width of 1.2 meters and a height of 1.2 meters. After leveling, insert the thermometer and cover the film to ferment. When the central temperature of the material rises to 60 ℃, keep it for 24 hours and then turn the pile, then cover it with a thin film, and hold it for 24 hours when the temperature rises to 60 ℃, and the fermentation can be finished.

2.1.3 spread materials and sow seeds. Before entering the shed, the culture material will loosen the soil and spray 5% lime water to disinfect and kill pests. Prepare the land to make the border, the border distance is 30 cm, dig 20 cm deep ditch, pour water into the ditch 2 days before cultivation, increase the humidity in the shed, spread out the material before feeding, and add some lime water when the pH value is lower than 9. After that, spread the material on the border, the thickness of which is 15cm to 20cm. The amount of strain is 5%-10% of the total material. After sowing, gently press the strain to make full contact with the material, cover 1 cm thick vegetable garden soil, cover with film.

2.1.4 germicidal management. The film was not uncovered within 3 days after inoculation, the air temperature was kept at 30 ℃ ~ 32 ℃, the feed temperature was kept at 35 ℃ ~ 38 ℃, and there was water at the bottom of the ditch every day. The relative humidity of the air is required to reach 70%. When the material temperature rises to 40 ℃, open the four corners of the film to ventilate and cool down. From 9 ∶ 00:00 to 4 pm ∶, open the grass curtain at 00:00 to increase the temperature of the greenhouse, ventilating 2 or 3 times a day. 4 days after inoculation, the membrane was opened to prevent the surface hyphae from growing too much.

2.1.5 Management of mushroom production. Mushroom buds appear 7-10 days after inoculation, then pour water into the trench once, be careful not to soak the pile. Spray 2-3 times a day, spray 2% lime water every other day, raise the air humidity to about 90%, and keep water at the bottom of the ditch every day. Be sure to ventilate after spraying water, and then close the tuyere when there is no water vapor. The temperature in the shed was kept at 28 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, and some grass curtains were raised every day to make scattered light in the shed. If you find that the ghost umbrella should be pulled out immediately during the mushroom period, it should be buried with soil. When the mushroom buds grow to the size of quail eggs, they can be harvested and processed, usually once in the morning, in the evening, to prevent the opening of umbrellas.

2.1.6 Disease and pest control. Straw mushroom is easy to be harmed by mushroom mites. During the off-tide period, drugs such as mite and daben can be sprayed on the border surface. After removing dead mushrooms and mushroom roots, the soil on the border surface is scraped and mixed with wood strips to prevent pests.

2.2 cultivation techniques of Coprinus comatus

2.2.1 ingredients.

(1) 100 kg of cottonseed husk, 8 kg of wheat bran, 2-3 kg of quicklime, and the water content is controlled at about 65%.

(2) 100 kg of cottonseed skin, 2 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 0.5 kg of urea, 2 kg of lime and 160 kg of water.

(3) 100 kg of crushed corncob, 1 kg of diammonium, 35 kg of lime and 150 kg of water.

2.2.2 fermentation of culture material. Mix the culture material well, and the accumulated material is 1 meter high. The width is 1 meter, the length is unlimited, the two sides of the pile are punched 2 rows of holes every 35 cm, covered with film, the material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep for 12 hours, turn the pile, and then keep for 12 hours when reaching 60 ℃, fermentation is over, spread out, ready to bag and inoculate.

2.2.3 vaccination in bags. The bag for sending bacteria is 22 cm in diameter and 35 cm in length, and the strain is broken into the size of red jujube. 4 pieces of bacteria are inoculated at both ends of the mouth of the bag with 4 pieces of bacteria at each end of the bag, and 5 bacteria are inoculated every 12 cm in the middle. A total of 4 layers of bacteria are inoculated in the culture bag. After the bag is packed, it is penetrated from both ends of the bag with a pointed stick with a diameter of 3 cm to facilitate air permeability and oxygen supply. The amount of strain is 10% to 15%.

2.2.4 bacteria. After the bacteria bag is packed, it is placed indoors, 2 layers and 1 stack at high room temperature and 4 layers and 1 stack at low room temperature. The distance between stack and stack is 4 cm, which is beneficial to heat dissipation. When sending bacteria, the material temperature should be controlled at 22 ℃ ~ 28 ℃, and the indoor air relative humidity should be controlled at about 60%. Pay attention to turning the stack when the material temperature is high.

2.2.5 soil mulching cultivation. After 20 days, the hyphae grew all over the bag, and the bacteria could be cultured in the shed and covered with soil for 5 days. The method is to remove the bag of bacteria, arrange two rods horizontally, add a vertical rod in the middle, and make a border between the north and south, each with 85-90 rods; it is also possible to tie the bacteria into two sections and hold them on the border, leaving no space between the rods. After that, the bacterial stick was buried strictly with soil and covered with soil of 3cm. The soil for burying rods should be loam, and the soil should be treated with 5% formaldehyde solution before covering the soil.

2.2.6 Management of mushroom production. The mushroom began to emerge 20 days after the bacteria stick was put into the greenhouse and covered with soil, and the suitable temperature for mushroom production was 16 ℃ ~ 25 ℃. Adequate oxygen is also an important factor in increasing production of Coprinus comatus. Coprinus comatus also needs suitable light conditions. the practice shows that when the light is less than 10 lux, the mycelium grows slowly, which is 7-11 days later than the normal condition. The growth of fruiting body is also very slow when there is no light stimulation, and the harvest is delayed by 5 to 10 days on average; when the light is too strong, more than 1500 lux, the growth of mycelium or fruiting body is slower, and the quality is poor, dry, yellow and poor commercial value. The ideal light is 70 lux 800 lux.

2.2.7 harvesting. The fruiting body of Coprinus comatus grew up after 7-8 days and was harvested in time when the cap was not yet opened. Otherwise, the black spores released after the mature Coprinus comatus opened its umbrella can make its fruiting body produce autolysis, which will reduce the commercial value of Coprinus comatus.

2.2.8 Pleurotus ostreatus management. After picking Pleurotus ostreatus, clean up the mushroom root and dead mushroom on the border, cover the fertile soil, spray water on the border, and produce mushrooms in 2 tides according to the above management. 3 and 4 the tide is also managed. Coprinus comatus can get 3-5% in one production cycle.

2.2.9 Disease and pest control. Coprinus comatus has strong anti-impurity ability, generally does not use medicine, only before covering the soil with formaldehyde treatment to kill miscellaneous bacteria in the eggs can be normal production.