New methods and techniques for bag cultivation of volvariella volvacea

The cultivation of volvariella volvacea originated in South China, and then spread from overseas Chinese to Southeast Asia and parts of Africa, with a history of more than 200 years. It is not only fat, crispy and smooth, delicious, but also has high nutritional value and is rich in protein, essential amino acids and vitamin C. Regular consumption of straw mushrooms can enhance the body's immunity to diseases. It also has a certain effect of anti-cancer and treatment, lowering plasma cholesterol and reducing blood pressure; it is also a good food for diabetes, it is a kind of food that is not only delicious, but also has the function of health care, it is very popular in domestic and foreign markets, and the economic benefit is remarkable. The ratio of input to output can reach more than 1:2-3, which is an industry with great prospects for development.

Bag cultivation of straw mushroom is a new technology evolved on the basis of bag cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, which is the first in our county. The yield of straw mushroom planted in bag is stable, the method is simple and fast, and it can be harvested about 10 days after sowing. Straw mushroom can be planted with short production cycle and rich raw materials, such as corn, sorghum, peanuts, soybeans, cottonseed shells, broken cotton, waste cotton, common dregs, paper mill leftovers, traditional Chinese medicine dregs and so on.

1 living conditions of volvariella volvacea

1.1 nutritious volvariella volvacea can make use of a variety of carbon sources, among which monosaccharide is the best, disaccharide is the second, and polysaccharide is the second. Monosaccharides and disaccharides can promote the rapid production of mycelium, and polysaccharides can promote the mycelium growth of volvariella volvacea and enhance stress resistance. Volvariella volvacea can use organic ammonia and ammonia nitrogen. Therefore, in practical cultivation, high-quality, dry and golden straw must be used.

The temperature range of mycelium growth is 20-40 ℃, the optimum temperature is 32-35 ℃, the growth is very weak below 20 ℃, the growth stops at 10 ℃, and the mycelium dies quickly below 5 ℃ or above 45 ℃. The temperature range of fruiting body is 25 ℃-35 ℃, the optimum temperature is 28-33 ℃, below 20 ℃ or higher than 35 ℃, the growth and development of fruiting body are affected.

Volvariella volvacea is a constant temperature fruiting type fungus, which is very sensitive to external temperature changes during the period of fruiting body development and formation. The hot and cold climate is extremely disadvantageous to the growth of its fruiting body. If the temperature difference is more than 5 ℃, the buds stop developing or die. Therefore, cultivation requires that the temperature should be stable above 20 ℃ in order to produce. Otherwise, it has an impact on the yield, although the heat preservation measures can produce mushrooms, but the conditions are high, the cost is high, and the technology is very strong, which is generally not desirable in the actual cultivation.

1.3 lack of water causes drought, excessive water leads to poor ventilation, inhibition of respiration, and the metabolic process is impossible, resulting in a large number of death of hyphae and buds. Practice has proved that the humidity of the culture material is 60%, the moisture content of 65% is suitable for the growth of volvariella volvacea mycelium, and the maximum should not exceed 70%. When the fruiting body develops, the relative humidity of the air is 85%, 90%. More than 96% of the mushrooms are perishable and easily infected with miscellaneous bacteria. Below 80%, the growth of volvariella volvacea is slow, the surface is rough and lacks luster.

1.4 adequate oxygen in the air is an important condition for the normal growth and development of volvariella volvacea. Lack of oxygen, accumulation of too much carbon dioxide, often due to respiratory inhibition, resulting in growth cessation or death. Therefore, we should choose the place where the air is slowly convective during cultivation, but the ventilation is too much, the moisture is easy to be lost, and it is also disadvantageous to the growth of volvariella volvacea.

Among the edible fungi cultivated with pH, straw mushroom is the most alkaline, the optimum pH value for spore germination of volvariella volvacea is 7.4-7.5, the mycelium pH is 5-8, the optimum pH is 7.2-7.5, and the optimum pH for fruiting body is 5-7. The culture medium can be sour gradually during the mycelium development of volvariella volvacea, so the pH value should be more than 12 when soaking grass.

1.6 Light the spore germination of volvariella volvacea, the growth of hyphae does not need sunlight at all, but the formation of fruiting body of volvariella volvacea needs sunlight. The fruiting body is not formed under the condition of complete darkness, and the diffuse sunlight can promote the formation of the fruiting body, slightly inhibit the growth of volvariella volvacea, make it strong, enhance the disease resistance, and promote the transformation and deposition of pigment. Strong direct light has a serious inhibitory effect on the fruiting body. Therefore, open-air cultivation must be covered with grass.