High benefit of intercropping mushroom in citrus orchard

The author succeeded in planting mushrooms between rows in closed citrus orchards, and both citrus and mushrooms were harvested. It is proved by large-scale popularization that the annual output of citrus per mu of orchard is more than 3000 kg, the output value is 4000 yuan, and the output value of fresh mushroom is 3200 yuan. Excluding the production cost of 1500 yuan, the total net income was more than 5700 yuan, which was more than 2000 yuan higher than that of a single kind of citrus. Intercropping mushrooms in orchards can also play the role of moisturizing and heat preservation and improving soil.

The preparation of raw materials requires 1500 kg of dry wheat straw (straw and sawdust), 20 kg of lime, 15 kg of urea and 30 kg of superphosphate per mu. There are two ways to deal with it:

Pile-retting method: choose a place with flat terrain, leeward to the sun and good drainage to build a pile. Generally, the pile is 2 meters wide, 1.5 meters high and unlimited in length. The bottom is sprinkled with lime and drains are opened around. Grind the wheat straw into short knots about 3.3 cm long, then spread a layer of grass nodes, sprinkle a layer of other ingredients, spray water, and finally cover with straw curtains or plastic film. In order to ensure the uniform fermentation of forage, turn the pile every 6-8 days, a total of 4 times, about 1 month. The heaped forage should be rotten but not rotten, the hands should be pinched into a ball, the shaking is loose, the grass nodes can be broken by light pull, non-stick hands, no odor and ammonia smell, no pests and competitive bacteria. When treated with this method, the utilization rate of nutrients is high and there are many mushrooms.

Lime water immersion method: the chopped forage (or sawdust) was soaked in 3%-4% lime water, 12 hours in summer and 24 hours in winter to soften the forage and kill miscellaneous bacteria, and the pH value of the forage reached 7: 9.

Mushroom strains choose Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus, which are suitable for planting all the year round.

(2) the sowing time is March in spring or October in autumn. There are also two methods of sowing.

Bagging method: put the processed forage into plastic bags, each bag 3 to 5 kilograms, one layer of forage and one layer of bacteria, a total of 3 layers. The ratio of forage to bacteria is 10 ∶ 1.5, and the proportion of bacteria can be increased appropriately, which is beneficial to the growth and reproduction of mycelium. After packing, fasten the mouth of the bag (if you use a long tube with plastic roll, tie both ends tightly) and arrange it in the tree line.

Trench sowing method: a shallow trench with a width of 50 cm and a depth of 40 cm is opened between rows and communicated with the drain. First sprinkle a thin layer of lime in the ditch, then sprinkle forage and bacteria (the proportion is the same as the above method), a total of 3 layers of bacteria and 4 layers of material, and finally cover a thin layer of soil, covered with plastic film or straw curtain. Sprinkle dipterex powder or trichlorfon around in time to prevent insect pests and rodent pests.

(3) Management of spring mushrooms after sowing: Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus emerged in about 30 days and 20 days respectively, which were abundant from April to May. Due to the gradual increase in external temperature, heat preservation and moisture preservation should be given priority to in the early stage. When the bag waiting hyphae is covered with the whole bag, unlock the bag mouth or the plastic tube at both ends and spray more water; when the trench cultivation waiting hyphae is filled with soil particles, re-spray "mushroom water", so that the soil grain water content reaches 18%, and when the mushroom buds are formed, re-spray "mushroom water".

Autumn mushroom management: the key point of management is to keep the water content of soil particles at 11%-18%, not too dry and too wet, let alone let Rain Water flow into the material. If the covering soil is acidic, spray 1% dilute lime water and adjust the pH value to 7-7.5. When the mycelium grows between the soil particles, spray "mushroom water" once to make the soil particles have a water content of up to 20%. Then stop water for 2-3 days, when a large number of mushroom buds appear, then spray "mushroom water".

(4) A large number of mushrooms will be produced in about 1 month after harvest and sowing. When the temperature is suitable, it can be harvested 1-2 times a day and once every 2-3 days when the temperature is low. Spray water in time at the end of picking to facilitate the second mushroom production. Generally, those sown in autumn can be collected in April or May of the following year.