Key points of promoting cultivation techniques of cut Flower Tulip

Tulip belongs to Liliaceae, Tulip belongs to perennial bulb herb, which is favored by people because of its peculiar flowers, large and colorful flowers, symbolizing "sanctity and happiness".

1. Choose a good variety. Cut flower tulip bulbs are generally imported from the Netherlands. First of all, try to choose as few late varieties as possible, generally choose middle students and tall varieties, and the color collocation should be comprehensive to meet the needs of different levels of consumers. The red varieties are Apollo, the parade, Miss Holland, the Light of France and Lifeiber's recollection; the yellow varieties are gold Apollo and gold parade; the white varieties are Ireland, White Dream and Tine; the pink varieties are geese and pink diamonds; the orange varieties are princes; the two-color varieties are Lynmack (red and white), spotted childish (yellow), Kesnerys (red and yellow) and so on. Secondly, the seed balls with a perimeter of more than 12 cm are selected. The fresh cut flowers produced by large bulbs have the advantages of large size, bright color, good uniformity and long vase time. Once again, the 5-degree seed ball which was completely treated with low temperature was selected. Check the temperature record sheet of low temperature treatment during commercial shipping when buying balls. If the low temperature is not enough or the processing time is not enough, follow-up work such as low temperature treatment should be carried out.

2. Determine the sowing date reasonably. Cut flower tulips are usually scheduled to go on sale between the Spring Festival and Valentine's Day. According to the theoretical value of the whole growth period of cut tulip flowers (55-65 days), the sowing time is arranged 7-10 days in advance (for example, the Spring Festival in 2004 is January 21, the reference sowing date can be arranged around November 10). Objective: (1) to properly deduct the delay in cloudy and rainy days; (2) when the low temperature treatment of planting bulbs is not in place, it can be remedied by strengthening low temperature management in the greenhouse; (3) it is convenient to artificially control the time of fresh cut flowers on the market.

3. Planting specifications. The degree of development of tulips is 10-15 cm. Therefore, the planting density is very elastic, and the row spacing can be 10-15 cm × 15-20 cm, that is, 20000-35000 grains per mu. Varieties with a high degree of development (such as Apollo) can be sparsely planted, while varieties with a small degree of development (such as the light of France) can be closely planted. High planting density is beneficial to the increase of cut flower stem, but it is easy to cause disease. When planting, the planting ball should be placed straight, the top facing up, and the soil on the planting ball should be 3-5 cm. Deep planting is beneficial to increase the height of cut flowers and is beneficial to varieties of medium height, but it will delay the florescence by a few days.

4. Fertilizer management. The cultivation of cut tulips does not need much fertilizer. 3000-5000 kg of organic fertilizer and 50 kg of high-efficiency compound fertilizer were applied per mu as base fertilizer. Organic fertilizer should be fully mature and inorganic fertilizer should be applied 15-20 days before planting. Fertilizers should be fully mixed with the soil, rake and make beds. From the time the buds were unearthed, 0.3% urea solution was applied every 15 days; from budding to the week before flower picking, O.2mer O.3% "Chunquan 883" and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were sprayed every 7-10 days.

5. Water management. After drying the whole bed 15-20 days before planting, irrigate once a week before planting, and immediately pour cold water once on the day of sowing. The growing period is generally watered once in 15-20 days, which should be carried out in the morning, thoroughly and evenly. Pay attention to ventilation and cooling after watering, and do not pour cold water on the leaves when watering.

6. Temperature and humidity control. The optimum temperature for tulips is 15-18 degrees Celsius, with a maximum of no more than 25 degrees Celsius. The implementation of low temperature management in the early stage of growth is the key to cultivate tulips and improve the quality of cut flowers. The soil temperature should be kept below 12 degrees Celsius in the first 2 weeks after planting, which can be cooled by means of straw mulching or sunshade net covering greenhouse. In the middle and last ten days of November, the film is covered for heat preservation, and the thickness is 0.12 mm. In the first ten days of December, the grass curtain was used for night heat preservation. Try to keep the temperature in the greenhouse below 20 degrees Celsius during the day until mid-December. During the whole growing period, the night temperature in the greenhouse was controlled above 6 degrees Celsius. The relative humidity in the greenhouse should not be higher than 80% or less than 60%, and the humidity can be adjusted by watering and venting. Humidity management should be strengthened after bud extraction in order to improve the height of flower stem, but close attention should be paid to the occurrence of diseases such as tulip gray mold. If the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 25 degrees Celsius or the humidity exceeds 80% during the day, you should pay attention to using ventilation to reduce the temperature and dehumidification.

7. Replenish the light. The growth of tulips requires plenty of sunshine. Conditional producers can use the method of hanging a 200 watt (with reflector) high pressure sodium lamp every 30 square meters to replenish light from the 2-leaf stage until flowering. Put down the grass curtain and turn on the lights for 3-5 hours every evening. This measure is beneficial to the production of high-quality cut flowers with large flowers, colorful colors and high culms, and can also advance the florescence.

8. prevention and control of main diseases and insect pests. Under the condition of thin film solar greenhouse, tulip diseases and insect pests include virus disease, gray mold, aphids and so on. The comprehensive control measures are as follows: (1) rotation with legumes and other plants; (2) picking out diseased bulbs during planting and dealing with them separately; (3) continuous inspection, digging and destruction of diseased plants; (4) strengthening ventilation and light transmission in greenhouse, and ventilation and humidity reduction in cloudy and rainy days (5) 1000 times liquid spray of 20% Sukeling can be used to control diseases such as Botrytis cinerea.

9. Harvest in time. It is appropriate to cut the bud at the beginning of color penetration (before the bud is unfolded), usually once in the morning, in the middle and once in the evening. Plants that are less than 35 centimeters high should be uprooted. The postharvest packaging is put in the cold house for sale.