Diagnosis and control of clonorchiasis in dogs

Canine clonorchiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Clonorchis sinensis (C.Sinensis), a branch of Clonorchis of Opisthochiidae family, which lives in the gallbladder and bile duct of dogs. The disease is widely distributed in China. It has been reported in more than 20 provinces and cities, and the epidemic is the most serious in the southern provinces. There are few reports on the occurrence of this disease in the north of Liaoning Province. Since the summer and autumn of 2001, the author has noticed that the disease occurs from time to time in this area, which should be paid attention to.

1 morbidity

There are more dog owners in the suburbs of the local city. The first case of the disease was seen in September 2001. the sick dog was a female at the age of 4 months, showing extreme emaciation, slight falling sensation in the lower abdomen, brown-black watery stool, vomiting symptoms and pale yellow-stained mucosa. According to the dog owner, the sick dog is obviously thinner than the dog in the same litter, suspected to have parasites, and has been repelled with levamisole. A week ago, he began to lose his appetite, diarrhea, and had been treated with antibiotics, but he did not see any improvement, and his condition gradually worsened, so he went to the hospital for treatment. Immediately take antiemetic, hemostatic, fluid replacement and other symptomatic treatment, waiting for further examination and diagnosis, the sick dog died the next morning. After autopsy and etiological examination, it was diagnosed as clonorchiasis in dogs. After timely diagnosis and proper treatment, most of the cases were cured.

2 clinical symptoms

The disease often shows a chronic process. Mild infection has no obvious symptoms; severe infection, initially manifested as mental malaise, indigestion, poor appetite, the disease gradually aggravated, vomiting, dysentery, anemia, anthrax and other symptoms. In the later stage, significant weight loss, liver cirrhosis, secondary ascites and abdominal dilatation, if not timely treatment, often lead to death.

3The change of dissection.

The liver is enlarged, up to 2-3 times of normal, with uneven surface, covered with khaki cysts of different sizes, gallbladder enlargement, bile thickening, bile duct thickening, and a large number of live worms and eggs can be seen in cysts, bile ducts and gallbladder. A small amount of worms can be seen in the duodenum, small intestinal mucosal bleeding, intestinal wall edema, a large amount of fluid in the stomach, containing black-brown flocs, and a varying amount of yellowish effusion in the abdominal cavity.

4 diagnosis

① sick dogs were fed raw or undercooked freshwater fish and shrimp. ② dogs are emaciated, depressed, anemic, jaundice, loss of appetite, indigestion, vomiting, thin stool or bloody stool. The abdominal wall is tense, the liver area is sensitive by palpation, and the liver is enlarged and moved backward. The diagnosis can be made when the eggs are found in ③ stool examination. The eggs of Clonorchis sinensis are 29 × 17 μ m in size, yellowish brown, sunflower seed-shaped or pear-shaped, covered at the top, obvious acromion and containing cercariae in the eggs.

5 Prevention and control measures

① praziquantel is an ideal drug for the treatment of clonorchiasis in dogs and cats. 1kg weight oral 50~75mg can be effective once, but it is best to take it again after 5-7 days. In addition, drugs such as hexachloro-p-xylene and albendazole can also be tried. For dogs with early or mild disease, ② can be treated with 25% glucose, 5% sodium bicarbonate, compound sodium chloride, adenosine triphosphate, coenzyme A, VB1, VB12 and so on. ③ for seriously ill dogs, in addition to the above methods, should also be carried out antiemetic, anti-inflammatory. During the treatment, it should be noted that it is not suitable for intraperitoneal injection in patients with hepatoascites. ④ should strengthen prevention, do not allow dogs to eat raw freshwater fish and shrimp; dogs raised by fish ponds and ditches should be regularly dewormed, examined and treated; and the first intermediate host freshwater snail should be eliminated.

6 several points that should be paid attention to

6.1 this disease is easy to be confused with icteric hepatitis and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, which should be distinguished.

6.2 the eggs of Clonorchis sinensis are small, and direct smears are easy to miss, so feces should be examined by washing precipitation method or formaldehyde ether precipitation method.

6.3 all dog owners have a certain understanding of regular deworming, but they have a vague understanding of the choice of deworming drugs, thinking that levamisole can dispel all kinds of parasites in the body, so that the early prevention and treatment of the disease is affected. This should be guided.

6.4 when dogs suffer from this disease, it is often accompanied by vomiting, and insect repellents are often vomited; therefore, pay attention to observation when using antiemetic drugs, and if vomiting, replenish them in time to ensure the effective dose of the drugs.